How to treat the eye with mechanical injury. Characteristics of different types of human eye injuries

There are many types eye injuries. They can be household, industrial, criminal, agricultural, children's, military. They may also be due to the receipt of chemical or thermal burns. Injuries can vary in severity, external and penetrating. But in fact, with any eye injury, there is a deterioration in visual function.

The most common are work-related eye injuries. They make up more than 70% of all traumatic injuries eyeball. Most often they are received by workers involved in metal processing.

As statistics show, eye injuries in to a greater extent men (90%) are more susceptible than women (10%). In 22% of all cases, eye damage occurs in children and adolescents under the age of sixteen. Typically, childhood injuries occur as a result of careless handling of sharp and piercing objects.

Any damage to the organ of vision, even those that at first glance seem completely harmless and do not require medical attention, can lead to serious consequences, up to complete loss of visual function and disability. In case of eye injuries, until they are completely healed, ophthalmologists recommend using glasses to correct vision, since contact lenses themselves are a foreign body and can cause additional trauma to the eye tissue.

Depending on the degree of loss of visual function, three degrees of severity of eye injuries are distinguished:

• At mild degree visual acuity is usually not affected;
• For injuries moderate severity there is a temporary deterioration in vision;
• Severe injuries are usually accompanied by significant and persistent decline visual acuity.

In particular severe cases the development of complete blindness cannot be ruled out.

Penetrating eye injuries

Penetrating wounds of the eye, there is a violation of the integrity of its membranes. They can be torn, cut or chipped. In this case, ptosis, exophthalmos, and ophthalmoplegia develop. Such complications indicate deep wounds with damage to the deep structures of the eye and blood vessels, damage is possible optic nerve.

Due to the entry of foreign bodies into the eyes, the eyes may develop purulent complications. The greatest danger in this regard is posed by organic substances or those containing any toxic components. If a penetrating wound occurs in the limbal region, then, depending on the depth and size of the wound, a serious complication such as vitreous prolapse may develop.

When the lens or iris of the eye is injured, as well as when the lens bag ruptures, rapid clouding of the lens occurs and all its fibers swell. In such cases, post-traumatic cataracts form within a week. Metal fragments that get into the eye stain its tissues in unique colors. Around foreign body(if it consists of iron), the rim of the sclera around the cornea turns rusty-brown; if copper is present, it turns yellow or green.

First aid for penetrating eye injuries

Treatment should be carried out by an ophthalmologist. First aid includes the removal of superficial foreign bodies. To do this, the victim should rinse his eyes with clean boiled water. After this, the eye is covered with a bandage and the patient is taken to the hospital. Upon admission to the hospital, the patient is examined, aimed at identifying foreign bodies and determining their exact location. After surgical treatment and removal of a foreign body, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial therapy is necessary. Introduction required antitetanus serum.

Complications of penetrating eye injuries

When injured in the limbus, purulent or serous iridocyclitis usually occurs, with the formation of pus in the inner membranes of the eye and the vitreous body. arise painful sensations, vision decreases, the pupil becomes narrow and the accumulation of purulent contents in the anterior chamber is clearly visible. One of the complications of eye injuries is traumatic cataract. It is formed when the limbus or area of ​​the cornea is injured; the lens may not become cloudy immediately, but some time after the injury.

The most severe complication is sympathetic inflammation, which threatens the loss of a healthy eye. Sympathetic inflammation is manifested by photophobia. Then, due to fibrin effusion, the iris adheres to the lens, which leads to complete occlusion of the pupil. Against this background, secondary glaucoma develops, from which the eye completely dies. To prevent the development of glaucoma in a healthy eye, doctors are forced to resort to removing the injured one.

From the long-term presence of metal foreign bodies in the tissues of the eye, diseases such as siderosis and chalcosis can develop, from which the boundaries of the visual field narrow, pigments form on the retina, secondary glaucoma, retinal detachment and complete atrophy of the eye can develop.
For any type of penetrating injury, the patient mandatory must seek help and treatment in a hospital.

Non-penetrating eye injuries

These injuries are not associated with a violation of the integrity of the cornea or sclera. They usually occur as a result of large particles of sand getting into the eyes, small insects and so on. In this case, the doctor can easily remove the foreign body under anesthesia. After which the eye is washed antiseptic solutions. For several days, the victim should apply drops several times a day into the damaged eye. eye drops with antibiotics, and at night put antibacterial ointments, such as tetracycline, behind the eyelid.

Eye burns

The greatest danger to the eyes is burns. As a rule, they lead to significant damage to eye tissue. Their treatment is quite difficult and does not always lead to full restoration visual function. About 40% of victims eventually become disabled.

Of all burns, 75% are acid burns. They call coagulative necrosis. The severity and consequences of such a burn are determined after a couple of days, since the acid does not immediately penetrate into the thickness of the eye tissue.

25% of burns are caused by exposure to alkalis. In this case, tissue protein dissolves. With such injuries, damage to the eye can occur from 5 minutes to several days. The exact severity of the burn can only be determined after 3 days. The greatest danger is a combination of acid, alkaline and thermal burns.

First aid for burns

In case of a burn, first aid consists of copious rinsing eye with water. If it is established what substance caused the burn, then it is necessary to use a substance that neutralizes its pathogenic effect. Sodium sulfate (20% solution) is usually instilled into the affected eye, antibacterial ointment is applied, or inert vaseline or olive oil is instilled. After providing the necessary first aid, the victim must be taken to the hospital for further examination and treatment.

The eyes are one of the most sensitive organs, most susceptible to injury and damage.

Most often, eye injuries are diagnosed in young men (8 times more often than in the opposite sex); children injure their eyes 5 times less often than adults.

Medical statistics show:

• only 50% of people with eye injuries have unaffected vision;
• in 10-15% of patients, vision decreases to a minimum level;
• 5% of patients due to serious damage the eye has to be removed.

In case of any injury to the cornea of ​​the eye, you must urgently contact medical institution to provide qualified medical care! will do everything possible to save your vision!

Symptoms of eye injuries

You can select following symptoms, characteristic of any eye injuries:

• photophobia;
• deterioration in the quality of vision;
• severe pain in the eye, headache;

Types of eye injuries

There are many various classifications eye injuries, we list the most common ones.

Classification of eye injuries due to injury:

• sports eye injuries (impacts from sports equipment, bruises from a ball, etc.);
• combat eye injuries (impacts from a blast wave, shell fragments, injuries received when using “cold” weapons);
• industrial eye injuries (received while working with tools, on machines);
• eye injuries caused by emergency situations (chemical accidents, fire, etc.);
• household injuries to the cornea of ​​the eyes (impacts from heavy objects, limbs, contact with the eye, etc.).

Sometimes in separate species Children's eye injuries also stand out.

Classification by severity

All eye injuries can be divided into 4 degrees:

• mild eye injury (does not reduce a person’s vision);
• average (decreased vision is temporary);
• severe (long-term weakening of vision function);
• especially severe (permanent loss of vision is possible).

Classification by depth of lesion

According to the depth of the lesion, they distinguish non-penetrating wounds (erosions, contusions,) and penetrating (injuries to the organs of vision with disruption of the integrity of the fibrous membrane).

According to the mechanism of manifestation, eye wounds are divided into the following categories:

• closed injuries eyes (wounds that do not damage the integrity of the eyeball) - contusion And non-penetrating wound ;
• open injuries - rupture of the eyeball and perforation.
• simple penetration - eye injury with one entrance hole;
• penetration with presence ;
• perforating wound - wound through the eye;

In addition, there are chemical, thermal and radiation burns.

Closed damage

Contusion - injury from a blunt object or blast wave, leading to eye contusion or concussion. All 4 types of concussion occur: from mild to particularly severe injuries.

Injury to the eye can be direct (direct blow to the eye) or indirect (strong blow to the head, which also injures the organ of vision).

Eye contusion leads to an increase intraocular pressure, deformation of the eyeball and changes in all membranes of the eye:

• when the conjunctiva is damaged, hemorrhages appear;
• severe trauma to the cornea of ​​the eye can lead to clouding and the development of scars;
• scleral rupture is dangerous due to the possibility of intraocular bleeding;
• changes in the iris can lead to deformation of the pupil or to complete separation of the iris (traumatic aniridia);
• if the lens is touched during a contusion, this leads to its dislocation and movement to rear camera eyes, as a result of which post-traumatic may develop;
• When the retina of the eye is damaged, its first appearance is clouding, hemorrhage, rupture, and inflammation. And for more later eye injury leads to detachment and atrophy of the optic nerve.

Remember: even slight damage eyes can lead to dangerous consequences in future! Be sure to contact us if you have any problems with your vision!

Open damage

At open damage There can be both perforated and non-perforated wounds that threaten serious complications.

The person who received open injury eyes, may experience spasm of the eyelids, severe pain, possible swelling of the eyelid and bleeding from the injured eye, severe visual impairment.

The destruction of the eyeball is indicated by a change in its size, heavy bleeding, blurred eye. The patient's temperature rises and sharp pain, swelling, pus in the eye. In such cases, urgent surgery!

Eye burns

During chemical, thermal and radiation burns eyes, the same symptoms of the disease may be observed:

• 1st degree - the appearance of swelling and redness of the eye tissues;
• 2nd degree - the appearance of small blisters on the eyelid and white scabs (dead tissue) on the sclera and cornea;
• 3rd degree - matte cornea and necrosis of the layers of the eye on half of its area;
• 4th degree - more than half of the area of ​​the organ of vision is damaged, which leads to vascular disorders, deformation, perforation of the eye and even the appearance of charring.

Non-penetrating wounds

Non-penetrating wounds occur when sharp and small objects (small pebbles, sawdust, metal shavings etc.).

With this eye injury, the following symptoms are observed: the appearance of redness on the conjunctiva, photophobia, difficulty blinking, pinpoint, painful sensations.

You should not try to remove foreign bodies yourself, as this may complicate the situation. You can read more about the problem of a foreign body in the eye.

Diagnosis of eye injury

Treatment of eye injury begins with a thorough examination in the office for a foreign body in the eye and to identify bony injuries to the orbit).

First aid for eye injury

To properly assist a person with an eye injury, you must adhere to the following rules:

• If small ones get into the conjunctiva, you can try to wash them out running water;
• You should not try to independently remove a foreign body stuck in the deep membranes of the eye;
• the injured eye must be covered with a clean gauze bandage (cotton wool cannot be used!);
• at severe pain It is recommended to take a painkiller;
• you need to contact us as soon as possible.

Treatment of eye injury

Minor and uncomplicated injuries are treated on an outpatient basis; more serious eye injuries are treated in a hospital setting.

In case of injury eye membranes surgical procedures are performed. For minor eye injuries, primary processing wounds, and in more serious cases - removal of foreign bodies from the eye cavity, eye plastic surgery and restoration of its structures.

The eye is a fragile structure, has a spherical body filled with liquid. The front wall is called the cornea, then there is the iris of the eye, the pupil - the hole in the iris narrows in bright light, and in the dark, on the contrary, it expands, thus the iris regulates the amount of light entering the pupil. Through the cornea and pupil, light enters the lens. Under the action of the muscles surrounding it, it constantly stretches or contracts, easily changing its curvature. The constantly changing shape of the lens allows light rays from an object to be focused precisely on the retina, inner shell eyeball.

First aid for blunt eye injury

Blunt object trauma to the eye, or so-called blunt trauma, maybe in case of a blow to the eye, for example, when playing ball, in winter when playing snowballs, during a fist-to-the-eye fight. If the injury is superficial, the mucous membrane of the eye regenerates very quickly and recovers excellently. Literally a day or two and the superficial impacts disappear and are practically very difficult to notice. If a more serious traumatic factor was involved, which entailed inflammatory process , then the development of conjunctivitis is possible in the future. In case of joining purulent infection

You can lose your eyes. In such cases, there is a need to contact specialists - ophthalmologists.

When such an injury occurs, the first thing to do is to calm the victim down and, if possible, lay him down or sit him down. Apply something cold, you can take an apple from the refrigerator or a piece of meat from the freezer, wrap it in plastic, then in a clean scarf and apply it to the eye for 25-30 minutes. Doctors recommend putting disinfectant drops into the eye or wiping it with tea leaves, a decoction of chamomile, or sage. Under no circumstances should you use tinctures containing alcohol, as this can further injure the mucous membrane and even cause a burn. Next, apply a sterile bandage or bandage to the eye and, if possible, consult a specialist. After all, only a doctor can provide qualified assistance, conduct testing, and be able to take measures to avoid complications in the future. In some cases, such injuries can be treated at home, self-treatment, if there is no deterioration in health and external changes in the eye area. The main condition for such injuries is the victim’s rest and cold on the injured area. And in

extreme cases

mandatory and urgent visit to the doctor. First aid for eye injury with a sharp object Since the eyes are paired organs, when the healthy one moves, it can also cause movements in the victim, which will further worsen his injury. Therefore, if it is possible to wait
Only a highly qualified specialist can diagnose such eye injuries. After the victim is immediately admitted to the hospital, the specialist takes an x-ray of the eyeball and only then begins to remove the foreign body.

We neutralize the consequences of corrosive liquids getting into the eye (Video: first aid for eye injury)

The following eye injuries also occur: when contact with chemicals, washing powder, glue, household chemicals. Such wound factors are called the eye. Ophthalmologists believe chemical substances very dangerous. In this case, you should immediately rinse your eye under running water. warm water, slightly pulling back the eyelid and tilting the head so that the water flows outward from the nose. Remove chemical residues as quickly and carefully as possible.

After rinsing, apply a sterile bandage and immediately consult a doctor. It is also possible quick help when instilling an anti-inflammatory drug into the eye: 20% sodium sulfacyl solution or 10% sulfapiride solution. Furacilin solution and any eye antiseptic that may be in the first aid kit can also help with such injuries. After all necessary procedures It is advisable to give the victim a painkiller. It is very important to urgently get to the hospital as quickly as possible.

The human eye is a very sensitive and vulnerable organ, which due to its physiological structure subject to external mechanical influences. Any eye injuries are dangerous: some significantly impair a person’s vision, while others can lead to lifelong disability.

Statistics show that men are more likely to suffer severe injuries to the ocular apparatus ( 90% of cases). Industrial work is also dangerous, while protective glasses can reduce the risk of injury by up to 10%.

Blunt injuries to the ocular apparatus

If the eye is damaged by a blunt object, the condition is accompanied by hematomas (retrobulbar or eyelid lesions) and profuse hemorrhage. With iris contusion, damage to the pupil and its unnatural dilation are observed up to 1 cm. Sensitivity to light is absent or mild.

The patient notes a sharp drop in visual acuity. Associated symptom is a violation of physiological accommodation (the ability of the organ of vision to adapt to darkness or bright light). If the blow was strong enough, there is a risk of blood mass accumulating in the front of the eye (hyphema), tearing off the iris layer.

If during work a person did not have eye protection from mechanical damage, then degenerative changes may affect the lens of the eye. Cloudiness of this part develops. If the lens capsule remains intact, then another pathology occurs - subcapsular cataract.

As a result of injury to the structure of the ligaments that hold the lens, subluxation may develop, which will inevitably cause lens astigmatism and disruption of accommodative functions. In some cases, the replaced lens prevents the normal outflow of fluid from the anterior cavity of the eye. On this basis, phacotopic (secondary) glaucoma develops.

Known in medical practice frequent cases, in which contusions of the organs of vision cause rupture of the sclera of the eye. This condition also characterized by swelling of the eyelids, hypotony of the eyeball, exophthalmos, conjunctivitis.

Damage to the eyeball

Non-penetrating wounds do not cause perforation of important membranes of the eye. But such mechanical injuries damage the outer epithelium of the eyeball and create a favorable environment for secondary infections - traumatic type keratitis, corneal erosion. Pathological condition characterized by profuse lacrimation, fear of bright light.

Symptoms of penetrating mechanical damage are:

• an open wound through which prolapse of the vitreous body or iris is visible;
• hole in the iris;
• the presence of a foreign particle or object inside the eyeball;
• hypotension;
• loss of lens transparency;
• hemophthalmos;
• change natural shape and pupil size;
• decreased visual abilities.

Penetrating injuries are dangerous not only for their symptoms, but also for the complications that often develop in patients.

The consequence may be uveitis, iridocyclitis, endophthalmitis, complications of intracranial localization.

Orbital injuries

Damage of this nature is usually accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the tendon of the oblique muscle of the eye, which provokes diplopia and strabismus. A strong blow to the orbital area can cause a fracture of its walls and the displacement of sharp fragments, which will lead to a decrease or increase in the orbital cavity. Patients with such injuries experience an unnatural protrusion (exophthalmos) or retraction of the eyeball (endophthalmos).

Protecting the eyes from environmental factors is extremely important, since, for example, orbital injuries very often result in sudden blindness which cannot be treated. This occurs as a result of severe hemorrhages into the cavity of the eyeball, ruptures of nerve communications and structural membranes of the eye, and crushing of the eyeball.

Diagnostics

To establish the severity of mechanical damage to the ocular apparatus, you should contact a specialist - ophthalmologist. He will begin diagnosing the problem by collecting complaints and studying clinical picture. Next, the patient will be prescribed all types of visual examinations.

In case of mechanical damage to the eyeball, it is necessary to carry out radiography of the eye orbit of the survey type, which is usually performed in two projections. This analysis will confirm or exclude bone damage and the introduction of foreign objects.

Among mandatory methods studies highlight examination of the structure of the eye through biomicroscopy, diaphanoscopy, and ophthalmoscopy. It is also necessary to measure the patient's intraocular pressure. If the injury is accompanied by protrusion of the eye, then the extent of the damage will be revealed by exophthalmometry. At different visual disturbances After mechanical damage, it is recommended to examine the degree of accommodation, refraction and convergence of the injured eye. The consequences of damage to the stratum corneum can be studied using a fluorescein installation test.

To study post-traumatic changes in retinal tissue, the fluorescein angiography method is used.

Studying structural changes retina (localization and degree of detachment) is carried out using ultrasound of the orbits of the eye. Ultrasound biometric tests will allow us to identify and evaluate the consequences of concussion.

After specialized instrumental diagnostics the patient will be referred for consultation neurosurgeon, neurologist and ENT doctor. As additional research A computed tomography scan and x-ray analysis of the head are prescribed.

First aid for eye injuries

For eye injuries of various nature the victim must immediately receive high-quality and correct first aid. It is as follows:

1. If the injury received by a person is of a cut nature, then you should cover the eyeball and eyelid as quickly as possible with a sterile (or clean) cloth, securing it with a bandage. It is recommended to perform the same manipulations with the undamaged eye to exclude the possibility of their synchronous movement. The injured organ of vision should be immediately shown to a specialist.
2. A blow to the eyeball also requires emergency care. You can use the same fabric bandage, but first moisten it in cold water. If there is no water nearby, apply a cooled object to the bandage.
3. If during work a person did not use glasses to protect his eyes, and any foreign body got on the mucous membranes or the eyeball, then there is no need to try to remove it yourself (especially if there is a possibility of it being introduced into the body of the eyeball). All that can be done before a medical examination is to cover the eye with a scarf. If a foreign object is visually distinguishable and moves freely along the mucous membrane, then it is better to remove it with a homemade swab made of clean fabric. A foreign body under the upper eyelid can only be removed with the help of an “assistant”. If these steps do not produce results, you should consult a doctor.
4. Penetrating damage to the eyeball is the most dangerous. Therefore, the most important task is to stop bleeding or reduce blood loss. If the victim has a knife or other penetrating object in the eye, it is strictly forbidden to remove it until medical help arrives. It is only allowed to press the cloth to the injured eye, and cover the other with your hand or handkerchief. Such manipulations may not stop the bleeding, but they will definitely reduce blood loss.

Treatment

As practice shows, each individual case of injury to the organ of vision requires individual approach and treatment. If damage due to injury affected only the eyelids (cut of the epidermis), then perform medical treatment wounds, their partial excision (if necessary) and the application of surgical sutures.

Elimination of superficial damage to the organs of vision (eye cuts) is performed using conservative therapy. Medications for treatment - ointments for placing behind the eyelids, antibacterial drops and antiseptics. If a foreign body has managed to penetrate the mucous membranes of the eyes, then it is necessary to carry out a procedure of jet washing of the conjunctival cavity with subsequent removal of the fragment.

Treatment of a contusion of the eyeball involves providing complete rest to the victim. During the treatment period, Atropine and Pilocarpine are instilled, and eye pressure is monitored.

The affected eye is covered with a sterile binocular bandage. To resolve the ocular hematoma, the patient is prescribed antibiotic therapy and subconjunctival administration of the drug Dionin.

In some cases, the only treatment option is surgery. Doctors suture the sclera, perform vitrectomy, removal of the deformed lens and implantation of an artificial one, and laser coagulation.

Prevention

For warning purposes possible injuries ocular apparatus ophthalmologists recommended at work and at home during hazardous work Use glasses to protect your eyes from mechanical damage.

Damage facial area turn around more often dangerous complications. Eye injury can cause blindness and purulent inflammation. The nature of the impact and intensity matter pathological changes. If the superficial parts of the eye are damaged, there is still a chance of full recovery. Deep trauma provokes recurrent eye diseases and persistent visual impairment.

The organs of vision are considered vulnerable to mechanical stress. Physical and chemical factors. is called simultaneous traumatization of several structures, for example, the eyeball and orbit. According to the classification of eye injuries, there are:

• blunt trauma – otherwise eye contusion;
• chemical burns and eye injuries;
• radiation damage to the eye shell;
• non-penetrating wounds - mainly injuries of the mucous membrane, cornea, sclera and corneoscleral zone of the eye;
• penetrating injuries - eye injuries involving pathological process lens, vitreous body.

Mechanical injuries can be blunt, torn, cut, or punctured. More often, mechanical eye injuries are closed. According to the classification of eye injuries, mechanical disorders of the closed type have the most favorable prognosis. If a penetrating injury occurs, damage to the optic nerve is possible, and traumatic cataracts of the eye develop.

Some types of eye injuries include injuries involving the introduction of foreign bodies. If a fragment enters through the sclera, detecting the entrance hole is problematic. Due to penetrating trauma, a hole with hemorrhage is formed in the cornea. Under the influence of iron foreign bodies, pigmentation and clouding of the lens occur. Often, injuries are adjacent to eye burns - the thermal factor and the entry of a foreign body threaten retinal detachment.

Trauma code according to ICD 10

According to ICD 10, eye injuries are coded S05. A penetrating wound with a foreign body has a code according to ICD 10 - S05.5. Open wound eyelid tissue is encrypted S01.1.

Causes

How dangerous the violation will be depends on the mechanism of injury, as well as the force and speed of impact of the object. Eye injury from a champagne cork or tree branch is common. A blow to the nose with a blunt object may also damage the organs of vision. In everyday life, unfortunate falls or collapses usually occur. In most cases, domestic injuries do not have serious consequences.

More often, eye damage occurs when foreign bodies enter the eye. Sand, small fragments, nails, pins - they cause superficial and deep damage to the structures of the eyeball. The causes of childhood injuries are predominantly carelessness. Also, eye injuries in children occur when playing unsafely with slingshots, firecrackers, and toy guns.

You can get a puncture wound when hit sharp object– a piece of glass, a knife blade. Eyes are also common. In chemical production, if safety precautions are not followed, serious injuries to the eyes and respiratory organs occur. Mechanical damage is common in construction.

Symptoms

When hit foreign object lacrimation occurs. The fragment is visualized and can be removed if it is on the surface. Characterized by swelling, the eye hurts immediately after the injury, if the integrity is broken skin Bruises remain on the eyelid and hematomas develop.

For various types of injuries there are characteristic symptoms:

• photophobia;
• the whites turn red;
• the eye is watery;
• "flies" fly;
• the foreign body sensation persists.

The severity of the injury determines the development additional symptoms. Penetrating wounds are characterized by blepharospasm, hemorrhage in the tissue, and the presence of a wound channel. When injured, it is mainly the affected eye that waters, or both at the same time. Due to the presence of intraocular hypotension, vision deteriorates. Due to injuries, the internal contents fall out: the iris, the vitreous body.

First aid

What to do if the eyeball is damaged? It is important to get help for an injury quickly and without causing additional harm. If injured, the victim is hospitalized. For penetrating injuries, it is necessary to administer antitetanus serum. A sterile dressing should be applied before admission to the hospital. If necessary, a pain reliever is given - Nurofen, Ibuprofen. In consultation with the doctor, drugs with lidocaine or alcaine are instilled.

From heaviness eye injury The general condition of the victim depends. If happened chemical burn, first aid for an eye injury will include flushing with running water for 10 minutes. The most dangerous are alkaline burns, which subsequently cause eye diseases, up to complete loss of vision. Depending on the type of chemical, the following neutralizers are used:

• acid– washed with soapy water;
• alkali– 1% citric acid solution;
• phenolic compounds– soap solution;
• fluoride compounds– calcium preparations or ammonium salts;
• phosphorus solution– 3% hydrogen peroxide.

If blunt trauma occurs and swelling develops, apply cold to the eye. If the eye is injured by a foreign object, try to remove the fragment, if possible. First health care after removal of the foreign body is to prevent complications of eye injury. For this purpose, anti-inflammatory drops are instilled, but only if the membranes are intact. In case of eye injuries in children, it is recommended to wait for the ambulance to arrive and, if possible, reassure the child.

What not to do:

• remove the fragment if it has penetrated deep;
• rub and scratch the injured organ;
• apply lotions.

Diagnostics

In case of simultaneous craniocerebral disorders or foreign body entry, radiography is prescribed. In the case of a superficial location of the penetrating object, the damaged area is examined with ultrasound. The doctor examines the back of the eyeball using a Goldmann lens. In ophthalmology within general diagnostics carry out an examination of the ocular structures using computed tomography. Additional Study non-penetrating injuries eyes is required for combined injuries.

If a deep wound is suspected, biomicroscopy will help. Reliable method The test is considered to be a test with fluorescein. Cycloscopy is necessary to detect ciliary body breaks. If the face is damaged, it is necessary to consult a neurosurgeon. You may also need the help of a neurologist or otolaryngologist. Early detection of pathologies of the visual analyzer and damage to the optic nerve is extremely important.

Treatment

Where to go if you have an eye injury? A traumatologist and an ophthalmologist will provide assistance. Therapy is selected taking into account the nature of the damage. Treatment after a chemical eye injury involves the use of antibacterial ointment with erythromycin up to 4 times a day. Additionally, scopolamine is prescribed to prevent posterior synechiae and eliminate spasm of the ciliary muscle. Used in ophthalmology steroid drugs, starting from the 7th day after the burn. Prednisolone installations are carried out in a short course, since drugs of this group impair regeneration.

Puncture wounds with rupture of internal tissue require surgical treatment. After sanitation and removal of blood clots, antibiotics and antiseptics are prescribed. Additionally, tetracycline ointment is used. In the treatment of injury, agents that improve regeneration have proven themselves well - Taufon, Actovegin. At home, drops with an antiseptic effect are used - “Okomistin”, “Albucid”. If the eye hurts some time after the injury, additional diagnostics are performed.

Conservative treatment is carried out in case of contusion injuries. Immediately contact an ophthalmologist. You can numb the eye locally or with medications. systemic action. In the second case, tablet forms or intramuscular injections are prescribed.

How and with what to treat an eye injury, the specialist decides on an individual basis. After an eye injury, antiseptic and antibacterial drops are prescribed. To relieve dryness and burning, you can instill Visine, but any medications must be approved by an ophthalmologist. Ophthalmoferon is instilled as prescribed. Also within general therapy are used homeopathic remedies, antihistamines, diuretics, tranquilizers. For injuries to the organs of vision, angioprotective drugs are recommended: sodium etamsylate, ascorutin.

In case of injury to the eyelid and penetrating injuries great importance It has antibacterial therapy. Used locally antimicrobial drops, inside – sulfa drugs in tablets. At the same time, detoxification agents are prescribed - “Hemodez” in the form of an IV solution, “Polifepam”. Injection administration of drugs is carried out in the clinic. At the rehabilitation stage, the eyelid is treated with anti-scar gels.

For corneal injuries, therapy involves the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Combination medications are usually used in the form of subconjunctival injections. Drops that dilate the pupil will be beneficial. Long-term use of mydriatics is not advisable.

Surgical treatment

In case of a penetrating wound, surgical treatment of the wound is performed. If the procedure is performed on the first day, the risk of complications is reduced to 3%. When the victim sees a doctor on the second day, the likelihood of negative consequences increases to 20%. During surgery, antibiotics are injected into the eyeball.

In exceptional cases, it involves removing the eye. Enucleation is necessary when the organ is completely destroyed or surgical treatment is impossible. Also, indications for enucleation are post-traumatic iridocyclitis, intraocular infection, and absolute glaucoma.

Surgery is important in correcting strabismus. Treatment is prescribed after complete healing of the damaged structures. Before prescribing surgery, the ophthalmologist will try conservative therapy methods. If they don't give positive result, surgical correction inevitable.

If post-traumatic complications develop, corrective surgery may be required. Lens replacement is often required. The operation is performed in a hospital setting under local anesthesia. Classical surgery is being abandoned in favor of laser and ultrasound treatment. These methods are considered minimally invasive and are less likely to cause complications.

Rehabilitation

If the eye squints after injury, optical correction is recommended. Opticians offer lenses for straightening and preventing strabismus, as well as training the visual organs. Patients are recommended to take targeted multivitamins, exercises to develop the extraocular muscles, and physical physiotherapy. To stimulate recovery, the ophthalmologist prescribes drops with a regenerating, anti-inflammatory and moisturizing effect.

At home, vision is restored with the help of palming and focusing training. Visual stress is limiting. In case of significant traumatic injury After eliminating the symptoms of the underlying disease, corrective therapy is carried out. Surgical treatment is used to improve vision and eliminate cosmetic defects.

Complications and consequences

A common complication of penetrating injury is intraocular infection. With the development of inflammation, blindness develops in 70% of cases. The main source of infection is the pathogenic microflora of the wounding object. The second source of infection is microbes formed at the edges of the wound. In the absence of adequate sanitation, the infection quickly affects the tissue. As a result, it happens purulent lesion ciliary body and iris. Next, endophthalmitis or panophthalmitis develops. They can lead to brain infection.

An unpleasant consequence of eye injury is disruption of the outflow of ocular fluid. As a result, secondary glaucoma develops. Frequent complications injuries are considered to be fluctuations in intraocular pressure, traumatic cataracts, and subatrophy of the eye.

If the apple itself is damaged and internal structures are displaced, the affected organ will be mowed. Prevention of strabismus is carried out from the first days of therapy in case of high risk occurrence of such violations.

Due to injury to the conjunctiva, the patient may encounter such an unpleasant phenomenon as chronic conjunctivitis. With such pathologies, the prognosis is favorable. If tissue suturing has been performed, the seams are inspected after a week and scarring is prevented.

Dear readers of the 1MedHelp website, if you still have questions on this topic, we will be happy to answer them. Leave your reviews, comments, share stories of how you experienced a similar trauma and successfully dealt with the consequences! Your life experience may be useful to other readers.