What is the difference between anuria and acute urinary retention? Anuria: what it is, symptoms, causes and treatment - everything you need to know about the disease

From time immemorial, the masculine principle has embodied the image of a strong defender, hunter and breadwinner, a courageous conqueror, as well as the father of the family and successor of the family.

In all philosophies, the distinctive feature of the masculine principle is the core, which allows you to harmoniously interact with the feminine, but not dissolve in it (just remember the “yin-yang” symbol). Of course, one of the key components of this core is male strength, potency.

Sexual potency- this is a rather broad concept: it includes arousal (the result of which is an erection), and the ability to reach the peak of sexual satisfaction - orgasm, and the ability to perform sexual intercourse. But, unfortunately, representatives of the stronger sex do not have the key to the limitless source of male power, and therefore it can sometimes weaken.

Any, even the most insignificant decrease in potency never goes unnoticed by a man. As a rule, it is accompanied by panic and a drop in self-esteem. But such a reaction is absolutely not justified, because almost every man faces a similar problem and ultimately finds how to increase potency.

How to quickly increase potency?

Of course, the fastest way to eliminate the problem of decreased potency can be helped by a specialist sexologist, since it is easiest for him to determine the exact cause of this temporary disorder: physiological or psychogenic. In the first case, potency weakens due to a sudden change in daily routine or diet, numerous stresses, or is a consequence of exacerbation of chronic diseases (cardiovascular system, hormonal imbalances, or even diabetes).

Of course, age also affects sexual activity: the older a man is, the slower his metabolism and the less intense the production of sex hormones. But sometimes it happens that a man of sixty can give odds to twenty-year-old boys. This means that the degree of deterioration of his body does not correspond to his biological age.
Let's consider ways to awaken male power if it weakens due to the influence of some physical factors.

Products that increase potency

How you eat plays a huge role. Any sexologist doctor will first advise you to reconsider your diet. Let's reveal some secrets real macho menu.
Firstly, you should enrich your diet with protein foods.

It is known that bodybuilders who adhere to a protein diet increase testosterone production several times. So, try to include as much protein food as possible in your daily nutrition plan: eggs (both chicken and quail), red meat, turkey and chicken, cheeses, cottage cheese (if you like sweet cottage cheese, add a little honey).

The real panacea, which increases male power many times over, is... walnuts. After eating them, it is advised to drink a glass of cool milk (if you are going to bed, then let the milk be warm, it will also give you pleasant dreams).

Among the aphrodisiac fruits, persimmons and oranges are especially distinguished. Coffee is also useful for potency, but in moderation, especially the mate drink. And among other things, diversify your diet with herbs: parsley and cilantro will make your dishes not only more aromatic and colorful, but will also have a beneficial effect on potency.

Secondly, as with any other illness, doctors recommend forgetting bad habits forever and using the money saved from buying cigarettes to sign up for a gym. Or, if finances do not allow at all, devote at least fifteen minutes a day to physical activity. After all, very often it is a sedentary lifestyle that becomes the cause of dulling of male potential. It is also important to monitor changes in your weight, because if you gain weight sharply, sexual activity may decrease.

Psychological factors influencing potency

If we talk about the psychogenic factor, then this problem is much more complicated than it might seem at first glance. Potency may not be favorably affected by mental fatigue, various sexual fears, or simply the uniformity and monotony of sexual acts, or an excessive number of them. Of course, a psychologist can give the best recommendations in this case, but the first thing you should do is just have a good rest and stop focusing on this problem and constantly cultivating thoughts about failures.

And one more banal, but incredibly effective piece of advice: change the environment or try to realize those desires and fantasies that you were afraid to tell your significant other about. This will renew relationships and reveal new facets of male potential.

Find the source of masculine strength within yourself and restore harmony with yourself. Then problems with potency will never arise again, and you will enjoy all the bright colors of your sex life for a long time!

Anuria is a condition caused by pathological changes in the body, in which urine completely stops flowing into and excreting, or its amount does not exceed 50 ml per day, a person does not feel it.

According to the international classification, anuria is not a separate disease, but a symptom that has its own clinical symptoms and research methods. Such a deviation from the norm may indicate renal failure and other life-threatening pathologies.

What causes the pathological condition?

When the bladder does not fill with urine, the causes of anuria most often lie in organs located slightly higher - the kidneys or ureters. There are diseases that can cause pathology:

The pathological condition can develop in patients who have had or have congenital kidney anomalies.

Types of pathology

In medicine, anuria is classified depending on the provoking factors and causes of development. It comes in 5 types:

1. Arenal form. The arenal form of anuria is rarely diagnosed. It develops in babies who were born without kidneys. And also in adults with accidental or intentional removal of both kidneys, or the only functioning one. If after 24 hours a newborn child does not have urination, then this is a reason for a detailed examination of the condition of the kidneys.
2. Prerenal form. Prerenal anuria occurs against the background of a sharp decrease in blood circulation in the kidneys. This may be due to general disturbances in blood flow and a drop in blood pressure to 40-50 mm. This condition is caused by heavy blood loss, a severe form of cardiovascular failure. Blood clots in the renal vessels, arteries and veins, or compression of them, can obstruct the flow of blood to the kidneys. Anuria usually occurs with bilateral thrombosis. Rarely, it can also develop with unilateral damage, in which case the cessation of the functions of the second kidney is of a reflex nature.
3. Renal form. Renal anuria is preceded by damage to the renal parenchyma, and urine ceases to be excreted. This condition develops with severe chronic kidney diseases (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, bilateral tuberculosis). The cause of the pathological condition can be severe poisoning with toxins or medications, burns, transfusion of the wrong blood type, artificial termination of pregnancy and childbirth with developed sepsis.
4. Postrenal form. This form of pathology is caused by the presence of an obstruction to the outflow of urine from the ureter. This may be compression of the ureter by a tumor, inflammatory compaction, or scars. An obstacle to the outflow of urine becomes stones in the upper urinary tract, blocking two ureters. In rare cases, the postrenal form occurs when the ureter is accidentally sutured during surgical treatment.
5. Reflex form. The reflex form occurs due to the inhibited influence of the central nervous system on the process of urination under the influence of certain factors (a sharp decrease in body temperature, rough instrumental interventions in the form,). When one urinary canal is blocked by a stone, the second kidney at the reflex level can also stop functioning.

By what signs can the disease be recognized?

Symptoms of anuria are clearly visible, they rapidly increase as the disease progresses. The onset of the disease is characterized by a sharp decrease in the amount of urine excreted or its complete absence. After 2-5 days, signs of renal failure and general intoxication appear, namely:

Later, symptoms of central nervous system damage appear: drowsiness, agitation, delirium, muscle twitching, convulsions.

Uremia is a complication of the disease

Since in anuria the functioning of the kidneys is impaired, they are not able to remove protein metabolic products, the amount of which increases in the blood. This leads to the development of another urological condition - (intoxication of the body with products of protein metabolism).

If uremia does not respond to treatment, then the patient experiences damage to the nervous structures of the brain, which manifests itself in a number of neurological symptoms. In extremely severe cases, uremic coma develops against this background. Patients who manage to get out of it experience neurological disorders throughout their lives.

It should be remembered that the critical period for anuria is 7-9 days, so it is important to seek medical help as early as possible. Lack of qualified treatment often leads to the death of the patient due to renal failure or general intoxication of the body.

Diagnosis of the patient's condition

At the slightest suspicion of anuria, the patient should be hospitalized in a urological hospital. Initially, he carefully collects anamnesis - asks the patient about possible situations that could provoke anuria, and whether there is a urge to urinate.

To effectively eliminate a pathological condition, you need to establish its cause. For this, the following diagnostic measures are prescribed:

Among the laboratory diagnostic methods, a biological blood test is performed, which makes it possible to determine the pathology that caused anuria.

Anuria treatment methods

Treatment of anuria is carried out in a hospital, under the strict supervision of medical specialists. The main task is to eliminate the cause that caused the pathological condition.

Before the results of all examinations are available, the patient is prescribed symptomatic treatment. Initially, you need to remove toxins and accumulated fluid from the body and support the cardiovascular system. Experts resort to the following methods:

• (if the cause of anuria is vascular disorders);
• to relieve the load on the kidney;
• in severe cases, it may be necessary to connect an artificial kidney;
• reception of sorbents.

Next, treatment is carried out aimed at eliminating the cause of anuria. If it is caused by stones or tumors, then surgical treatment is resorted to. In chronic cases of glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, antibacterial therapy and glucocorticosteroids are indicated.

In case of poisoning, detoxification therapy is carried out. Also, depending on the patient’s condition, blood purification or transfusion, anti-shock therapy, or.

Anuria- a pathological condition characterized by the absolute absence of urine in the bladder or its minimal accumulation (50 ml per day). Anuria should be distinguished from acute urinary retention, when urine still accumulates in the bladder, but the process of urination is impossible. In contrast to this problem, with anuria, urine is not initially collected in the bladder and, accordingly, is not subsequently released from it. This pathology basically involves the problem of urine not being produced by the kidneys or not entering the bladder due to compression or obstruction of the ureters.

Cause of anuria becomes the reason for a certain typology of this disorder: it is secretory, which in turn is divided into prerenal, renal, arenal and reflex, and excretory (postrenal) anuria.

Symptoms of anuria is very obvious and individual signs develop as the disease progresses:

• the onset of pathology is characterized by the absence of the urge to urinate;
• after 1-3 days, symptoms of intoxication develop - loss of appetite, dry mouth, bad breath, thirst, nausea and vomiting, constipation or diarrhea;
• symptoms of central nervous system damage gradually increase - asthenia, headache and muscle pain, drowsiness or agitation, delirium;
• anuria is aggravated by signs of pulmonary and cardiovascular insufficiency, peripheral edema.

How to treat anuria?

Treatment of anuria- This is an extremely necessary and urgent action. Anuria is predominantly a condition when the patient needs emergency care and hospitalization, because it threatens the patient’s life. The totality of necessary therapeutic measures depends on the cause of anuria. The effectiveness of emergency care for patients with anuria is largely determined by the timeliness of its provision and the availability of modern diagnostic and therapeutic equipment.

For patients with prerenal or arenal form of anuria, emergency medical care should consist of techniques for maintaining cardiovascular activity, and professional help consists of administering 1-2 ml of a 10% caffeine solution subcutaneously, and 20 ml of a 40% glucose solution intravenously. The occurrence of a state of shock means the need to take measures to restore normal blood pressure. It is advisable to hospitalize patients in shock to the intensive care unit for hemodialysis. The combination of hemodialysis with hemosorption is effective, which allows, in addition to reducing hyperazotemia, to achieve correction of water and salt metabolism. Major blood losses are resuscitated by replacing the lost volume or by using agents used to stabilize central venous pressure, for example, 400-800 ml of dextran or polyglucin, 300-500 ml of hemodez.

Renal anuria is also treated in a hospital through hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The patient may be prescribed antidotes and infusion detoxification therapy. Separately, there is a need to restore the water-electrolyte balance and counteract azotemia, for this purpose intravenous infusions of osmotic diuretics, gastric lavage, plasmapheresis, peritoneal dialysis, enterosorbents and unithiol are carried out.

Postrenal anuria can be eliminated exclusively by surgical methods, for which, naturally, it is necessary to hospitalize the patient in the urological or surgical department. Here, X-rays and ultrasounds are performed, emergency care is provided and, at the final stage, percutaneous nephrostomy. Hemodialysis is appropriate before nephrostomy.

What diseases can it be associated with?

And, in the area of ​​the retroperitoneal space, shock conditions become the cause prerenal anuria.

The last stages and nephroangiosclerosis, and nephrotuberculosis, systemic collagenosis, and extensive burns are the basis renal anuria.

Congenital pathologies and the consequences of surgical interventions cause arenal anuria.

Renal colic and developed iatrogenic conditions in some cases provoke reflex anuria.

Tumors, scars and inflammatory processes in the retroperitoneal space, damage due to improperly performed operations are the root cause excretory anuria.

Treatment of anuria at home

Treatment of anuria at home is not possible, since the disease is critical, fraught with death. At home, only post-operative recovery of the patient can be performed - adherence to the regimen, taking medications prescribed by the doctor and regular examinations.

What drugs are used to treat anuria?

10% caffeine solution - subcutaneous injection of 1-2 ml to restore cardiovascular activity.

40% glucose solution - intravenous administration of 20 ml to restore cardiovascular activity.

Hemodesis - 300-500 ml to stabilize central venous pressure in case of large-scale blood loss leading to the development of anuria.

400-800 ml to stabilize central venous pressure in case of large-scale blood loss leading to the development of anuria.

Prescribed as part of detoxification therapy.

Treatment of anuria with traditional methods

Treatment of anuria will be effective if it is aimed at eliminating its causes, that is, underlying diseases and disorders. In this case, folk remedies cannot prove their effectiveness, since they have little effect on the mechanisms of pathologies, traumatic and postoperative conditions.

Treatment of anuria during pregnancy

Anuria can develop in certain cases of childbirth and abortion. Septic childbirth and abortion underlie renal anuria, when a pathological process develops in the kidney itself, in particular in its glomerular system. Renal anuria is also treated by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, antidotes are administered, infusion detoxification therapy is carried out, water-electrolyte balance is restored, intravenous infusions of osmotic diuretics, gastric lavage, plasmapheresis, peritoneal dialysis, enterosorbents and unithiol are administered.

If the pathology itself develops during pregnancy and not delivery, then the applicable restorative measures are determined by the attending physician in each individual case. A choice between a woman’s life and continuing the pregnancy cannot be ruled out, since anuria poses a serious threat to life.

Which doctors should you contact if you have anuria?

• Ambulance team

Although anuria is a critical condition requiring emergency care, its provision is preceded by a number of diagnostic procedures. To determine treatment tactics, the attending physician must understand the cause of anuria, depending on which its types and treatment strategies are distinguished - at a minimum, it is necessary to determine whether it is secretory or excretory. During treatment, the doctor uses data from anamnesis, ultrasound, X-ray and instrumental research methods, as well as blood tests.

The main diagnostic sign is the absence of urine in the bladder. This can be determined by percussion, and is confirmed by ultrasound results or bladder catheterization. A computed tomography scan or an overview image of the urinary tract may show a shadow of a radiopaque stone in the projection of the urinary tract. CT scans can reveal ureteral stones, tumor formations leading to compression of the ureter, as well as traumatic kidney injuries, accompanied by rupture of the renal parenchyma and the formation of a perinephric hematoma in the retroperitoneal region.

Ultrasound is informative for determining the size of the kidneys and identifying the expansion of the cavity system. An increase in the size of the kidney indicates a violation of the outflow of urine from it, which is most often associated with obstruction of the ureter with a stone, blood clot, etc., that is, postrenal anuria is more likely. Free passage of the catheter through the ureter into the renal pelvis excludes its obstruction and indicates probable prerenal or renal anuria.

It is extremely important to distinguish anuria from acute urinary retention. The cause of urinary retention in children can be spasm of the bladder sphincter, vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, phimosis, urethral trauma, stones and foreign bodies in the urethra, diseases of the central nervous system. In adults, acute urinary retention can develop with benign hyperplasia and prostate cancer, urethral rupture, urethral obstruction with a stone, blood clot, acute prostatitis, paraproctitis, and diseases of the central nervous system. To exclude acute urinary retention, it is necessary to perform an ultrasound of the bladder or its catheterization. Anuria is indicated by the absence of urine in the bladder on ultrasound, the absence of urine through the catheter, or the release of only a few drops of urine.

Treatment of other diseases starting with the letter - a

Anuria is a clinical symptom that is manifested by the complete absence of urine in the bladder and, as a result, the cessation of its release from the urethra.

Causes of anuria

Since anuria is a complete absence of urine in the bladder, it is logical that the problem lies above this organ, namely, in the ureters or kidneys. As a classic example in the medical literature, the cause of anuria is a blockage of the ureter by a urinary calculus (“stone”). But if you look at it, in order for the outflow of urine into the bladder to completely stop, it is necessary that two ureters be blocked at the same time. It is necessary to agree that such a clinical situation in practical medicine is quite rare, so it must be considered with maximum criticism.

Much more often, anuria is observed in other diseases. For example, in case of cancer of neighboring organs, when the tumor, reaching a large size, can symmetrically compress the ureters, blocking the outflow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

In addition, anuria is quite often observed in patients with cardiovascular insufficiency. As you know, if the pressure level in the renal artery does not exceed 80 mmHg, then the kidneys simply stop filtering urine.

Clinical diagnosis for anuria

It should be noted that if a patient has not excreted a single gram of urine in a day, this does not mean that he has anuria. First of all, it is necessary to exclude acute urinary retention, when it is excreted by the kidneys, but does not leave the bladder due to a block at the level of the prostate or urethra. In addition, in countries with an equatorial climate, with minimal fluid intake, a physiological absence of urine may be observed, which cannot in any way be interpreted as anuria.

Thus, in order to make a diagnosis of anuria, it is necessary to conduct one of the fundamental studies in urology - excretory (excretory) urography. Moreover, if the urine does not contrast at all, or it can only be seen in the kidney cavity, this means that the patient really has anuria and he needs to conduct an additional series of studies to identify its cause.

First of all, an ultrasound examination of the kidneys and bladder is performed, which makes it possible to exclude not only urolithiasis, but also any oncological processes in the pelvic cavity.

If this method does not provide a definitive answer regarding the causes of anuria, then the patient needs to perform several laboratory tests that will help make the correct diagnosis. First of all, you need to draw blood for a general analysis. If this study reveals a large number of leukocytes, then we can talk about the inflammatory cause of the disease. It is impossible to confirm the assumptions with the results of a general urine test, since this biological fluid is simply not excreted.

If such a clinical condition is not amenable to drug or hardware correction, then the patient’s function of the nervous structures of the brain is disrupted, which, in turn, leads to a number of neurological symptoms that find their logical conclusion in coma. As you know, uremic coma is very serious not only in terms of treatment, but also in terms of prognosis. Even those patients who manage to avoid death may emerge from a comatose state with obvious neurological deficits.

Which doctor should I contact for anuria?

Naturally, consultation with a urologist is very important in such clinical situations, but sometimes there are cases when it is simply a waste of time, both for the patient and for the doctor. For example, if a patient has consumed a small amount of water during the day, in a hot climate or actively engaged in physical labor, then he has nothing to worry about the small amount of urine. You just need to do a little research the next day - record the amount of fluid consumed and excreted throughout the day. To the latter you need to add 300 ml for losses through sweat and breathing. If the above numbers are approximately the same, this means that the kidneys are working absolutely normally. In a situation where the amount of fluid consumed will significantly exceed the amount of urine excreted and at the same time obvious signs of edema will be visible on the patient’s body, then he must immediately rush to see a urologist.

Ed. urologist, sexologist-andrologist A.N. Plotnikov

Anuria is a kidney disease in which the functionality of the organ is impaired. As a result of pathological changes, the secretion and formation of urine is disrupted, which is fraught with a dangerous condition for human health and life. Below we will discuss the disease anuria: what it is, what are its causes, symptoms and treatment.

Types and reasons

The clinical picture of the disease will directly depend on what exactly triggered the development of the disease. When the disease is just developing, the symptoms can be quite positive due to the work of other organs. If anuria develops against the background of sepsis, then soon after the development of the disease it will manifest itself in an acute form.

There are the following types of anuria:

1. Excretory anuria. A condition caused by mechanical obstructions such as stones in the ureter, tumors, infiltrates, etc.
2. Prerenal anuria. It develops against the background of damage to the heart and blood vessels, with occlusion in the artery of the kidneys, or the presence of a tumor located behind the peritoneum.
3. Renal anuria. Occurs against the background of inflammatory processes in the kidneys, which lead to disruption of the functionality of the organ.

The cause of the pathology is often diseases of the kidneys or organs of the urinary system, which occur in acute or chronic form: pyelonephritis, nephroangiosclerosis, polycystic disease, acute glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, interstitial nephritis. The renal type of anuria can provoke blood poisoning - burn injuries, infection during abortion and childbirth, poisoning, donor blood transfusion with a different group or Rh factor.

Arenal anuria can develop after removal of a kidney or in the presence of a congenital pathology. The cause of the arenal type of anuria is the fusion of the valves and the opening of the urethra, spasm of the sphincter of the urinary organ. Reflex anuria can be provoked by serious factors that lead to disruption of the central nervous system. Common causes are renal colic, surgery, etc.

Symptoms and diagnosis

Initially, the symptoms of anuria appear very mild and develop gradually over several days. First, the patient loses the urge to urinate, then against this background signs of intoxication appear: loss of appetite, a feeling of thirst and dry mouth, nausea. After this, signs of damage to the central nervous system will appear: pain in the head and muscles, apathy, loss of strength, a constant desire to sleep. The emotional background will be very unstable, which will manifest itself in the form of a sharp change in mood. In the future, the pathology can provoke pulmonary and heart failure.

If the patient is not shown to a specialist in time during this period, uremia or renal coma may develop. When the first symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor no later than 1 week, otherwise irreversible changes will occur in the future, which will lead to death.

If you suspect anuria, you should consult a urologist or nephrologist. If there is no specialist in the clinic, you can consult a therapist or call an ambulance to your home, where medical workers will take the patient to the clinic where he will receive appropriate care.

To clarify the diagnosis, a person will need to donate blood for biochemical and general analysis, and conduct an ultrasound of the urinary organs. Bladder catheterization is performed if there is a suspicion of acute urine retention. If the diagnosis is confirmed after all the studies, the doctor will tell the patient what anuria is and how to treat the disease.

Treatment

Treatment of anuria will depend on the cause that triggered the development of the disease. If the cause is mechanical obstacles, then the patient will be indicated for surgical intervention followed by rehabilitation.

For secretory forms of anuria, conservative therapy is used, which includes the use of hemodialysis (cleaning the blood of toxins).

Antibacterial therapy, anti-shock measures, etc. are also carried out. The main thing in treatment is to restore the flow of urine and the functioning of the organs of the urinary system.

Due to the absence of serious clinical signs of the disease, the doctor may prescribe treatment for anuria at home. A good addition to drug therapy will be folk remedies:

1. Stinging nettle. This plant is taken in the form of an infusion, which is prepared very simply: add 60 g of the plant to 1 liter of hot water and leave for 2.5 hours. After infusion, the product must be filtered through cheesecloth and drunk 1 glass 4 times a day.
2. Birch buds and branches. To prepare the infusion, you need to purchase a dried plant at the pharmacy, after which 2 tbsp. you need to pour 500 ml of boiling water, leave and drink 1 glass.
3. Juices from vegetables - beets, carrots and cucumbers - help with anuria. The proportions of juices should be taken as follows: 5: 1.5: 1.5. You need to drink 2 times a day.
4. If there are no contraindications, you can take alcohol tincture of rose hips. The product should be used with great caution, starting with 3 drops.

Anuria is a rather serious pathology that is dangerous to human health and life. Treatment of the disease should be carried out exclusively by a specialist, after a thorough examination of the patient. To prevent the development of the disease, you need to monitor your health, lifestyle, and conduct timely preventive examinations of your internal organs.

Particular attention should be paid to the health of the urinary organs for everyone who is at risk: older people, those who have chronic kidney or bladder diseases, people with congenital pathologies. The sooner the disease is detected and treated, the greater the chance of maintaining the health of organs and the entire body.