What to do if blood gets into your eyes or mucous membranes? Consultation, trust mail Is an infected biological substance dangerous during menstruation?

As you know, blood is considered the main source of damage to the body by viral diseases such as HIV and hepatitis. That is why it is extremely important to take all precautions against infection through transmission of the virus through blood. Despite the fact that the methods of transmission of viral cells for HIV and hepatitis B are identical, the likelihood of infection is significantly different.

Thus, the risk of contracting HIV disease in the presence of a cut in the skin or a puncture made by instruments used by virus carriers does not exceed 0.5%, while the risk of contracting hepatitis B varies from 6 to 35%.

In cases where the patient had contact with piercing objects, first of all, important:

Expose the affected area;
- remove blood from the wound using a cotton swab moistened with 70% alcohol;
- wash your hands if possible;
- treat the wound with a 5% iodine solution.

After 15 minutes, you should re-treat the wound with alcohol, and then seal it with a bactericidal plaster.

In cases where infected blood gets into the eyes, it is necessary to immediately rinse them with distilled water or a 0.05% solution of potassium permanganate. In order to wash your eyes, you should use glass baths filled with a solution of freshly prepared solution or water. As a rule, experts recommend dripping up to 3 drops of a 20% Albucid solution into each eye after rinsing to achieve the most effective result.

If an infected biological fluid gets into the nasal mucosa, the same rinsing procedure should be carried out as if blood gets into the eyes.

In cases where an infected biological fluid gets on the oral mucosa, experts strongly recommend immediately rinsing your mouth with ethyl alcohol or a solution of potassium permanganate for up to 2 minutes.

If infected blood comes into contact with clothing, it should be removed with extreme care and placed in the solution for the necessary disinfection. After which the clothes must be washed in the usual way.

If biologically infected liquid comes into contact with furniture and other household equipment, it is necessary to wipe the surface with a napkin containing a disinfectant. Repeated treatment is necessary after 15 minutes.

For a long time, hepatitis has been one of the most dangerous viral diseases that affects not only the functionality of the organ, but also its structure.

Over the past decade, cases of infection with any form of hepatitis have become much more common. These statistics are due to the fact that the penetration of viral cells into the human body occurs in a variety of ways, and detecting the disease is still difficult.

Thus, it is important to understand that the main cause of damage to the human body lies precisely in viruses. Especially if patients have groups A, B, C, D and E. However, do not forget that the forms of the disease differ from each other, depending on the observed genotype.

During their work, healthcare workers are exposed to the risk of becoming infected with pathogenic blood-borne viruses, among which we know (HBV), (HCV) and (HIV). Physical contact with infected material occurs when accidental punctures or cuts with sharp instruments contain traces of the patient's blood or when it comes into contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth or the surface of the skin. The general indicator of the risk of occupational infection with blood transfusion infection is determined by the following factors: the proportion of infected patients in the population served, the probability of infection from a single contact with infected blood, the type and number of such contacts. That is why every patient, regardless of diagnosis, is considered a potential source of infectious agents, including those transmitted through blood.

In most cases, exposure is not accompanied by infection. The risk of infection in each specific case depends on the following factors: type of pathogen, nature of exposure, amount of infected blood likely to have entered the victim’s body, virus content in the patient’s blood at the time of exposure.

Health care workers who have been vaccinated against are practically not at risk of infection from an accidental puncture or cut, which is accompanied by contact with infected blood. In unvaccinated individuals, the risk of infection ranges from 6 before 30 % and depends on the condition of the source patient.

Based on a limited number of studies, the likelihood of an accidental stick or cut resulting in exposure to infected blood is approximately 1,8% . Risk of infection if blood comes into contact with mucous membranes or skin unknown, but believed to be very small; however, similar cases have been reported in the scientific literature.

The average probability of an accidental puncture or cut, which is accompanied by contact with infected blood, is 0,3% (three tenths of one percent, or one chance in 300). In other words, 99,7% such cases do not lead to infection. If HIV-infected blood gets into your eyes, nose, or mouth, the average chance of infection is 0,1% (one chance in a thousand). If HIV-infected blood comes into contact with your skin, you are less likely to become infected. 0,1% . The contact of a small amount of blood on intact skin does not pose any danger at all - in any case, there is no documented evidence of infection under such circumstances (a few drops of blood on intact skin for a short time). The risk may increase if the skin is broken (such as a recent cut) or if it comes into contact with infected blood.

If blood or other potentially hazardous body fluids come into contact with your eyes:

• the eye is washed with water or saline;
• ! not allowed washing eyes with soap or disinfectant solution;
• ! not allowed removing contact lenses while rinsing the eyes because they act as an additional barrier. After rinsing the eyes, the contact lenses are removed and treated as usual, after which they are considered safe for further use.

If blood or other potentially hazardous biological fluids come into contact with the oral mucosa:

• liquid trapped in the oral cavity, spat out;
• the oral cavity is washed several times with water or saline;
• for rinsing the mouth not allowed use of soap or disinfectant solutions.

There is currently no scientific evidence to support the ability to reduce the risk of infection when using antiseptic drugs or squeezing out wound contents. Not recommended for use caustic substances such as alkaline bleaches.

In memory of Seryozhka S., who became infected with HIV,
giving birth to some drug addict on the train

ANNEX 1

Models of emergency situations and their elimination

An emergency situation means contamination of the skin, mucous membranes, as well as the overalls of medical workers, equipment, table surfaces, and floors with blood and other secretions of the patient. .

Blood is the most potent source of hepatitis B virus or HIV infection in the workplace. Therefore, measures to protect against hepatitis B virus and HIV infection consist primarily of preventing their transmission through blood, as well as vaccination against hepatitis B. Although the methods of transmission of hepatitis B virus and HIV are the same, the risk of contracting hepatitis B virus in the workplace is higher than HIV infection (this is due to the fact that the concentration of the virus in the blood of HIV-infected patients is much lower).

Emergency Model No. 1:
damage to the skin (cut, puncture)

The probability of contracting HIV when puncturing or cutting the skin with instruments contaminated with HIV-infected blood is 0.3-0.5%. The probability of contracting the hepatitis B virus in this emergency situation is 6-30%.

If a cut or puncture occurs, you must immediately remove gloves or expose the wound area. Squeeze the blood out of the wound; wipe off the blood with a swab soaked in 70% alcohol. Then, if the wound allows, wash your hands thoroughly under running water with soap twice. Lubricate the wound with a 5% iodine solution. After 15 minutes, repeat the treatment with alcohol; cover with a bactericidal plaster.

Emergency Model No. 2:
blood got on exposed parts of the body

The probability of contracting HIV when infected blood comes into contact with intact skin is estimated at 0.05%.

If blood (or other biological fluid) comes into contact with intact skin, immediately treat it with a swab moistened with a disinfectant solution or 70% alcohol solution for 0.5-1 minutes. Do not rub!

Then wash twice with warm running water and soap and wipe dry with a disposable napkin or individual towel. After 15 minutes, repeat the treatment with alcohol (for more information, see the Hand Treatment file).
Emergency Model No. 3:

blood gets into the eyes, nasal mucosa or oral cavity

The probability of contracting HIV when infected blood comes into contact with mucous membranes is estimated at 0.09%.

If blood gets on the nasal mucosa, you should immediately rinse your nose for 2 minutes in a freshly prepared 0.05% solution of potassium permanganate (dissolve 100 mg in 200 ml of water). Drop 2-3 drops of a 20% albucid solution into each nasal passage.

If blood gets on the oral mucosa, you should immediately rinse your mouth with 70% ethyl alcohol or a freshly prepared 0.05% solution of potassium permanganate (dissolve 100 mg in 200 ml of water) for 2 minutes.

Emergency Model No. 4:
blood got on the robe or other overalls

If blood gets on the gown, the overalls are carefully removed (rolled up with the contaminated side inward) and immersed in a disinfectant solution for the required time (use 5 liters of disinfectant solution per 1 kg of dry linen). Then rinse in water and wash as usual. The skin under contaminated clothing is treated as indicated in paragraph “2” of these instructions. Shoes are wiped twice with a disinfectant solution (hands are protected with gloves, the cleaning cloth is disposed of after disinfection).

Emergency Model No. 5:
blood got on the equipment, table surfaces, floor

If drops of blood come into contact with equipment or furniture surfaces, they should be immediately wiped with a cloth soaked in a disinfectant solution. Repeat the treatment after 15 minutes. The wipe is then disinfected and disposed of.

If there are large quantities of blood and liquids containing blood (for example, vomit) on the floor, you should wear gloves, moisten a rag in a disinfectant solution and collect the blood in a container. Then add disinfectant solution into the container in a ratio of 1:4. Exposure according to the instructions for the disinfectant. The contaminated area is wiped again with disposable wipes soaked in a disinfectant solution. The treatment is repeated after 15 minutes. If there are large pools of blood on the floor, the use of disposable waterproof shoe covers should be considered; if there is a risk of splashing, glasses and a waterproof apron should be used. When removing contaminated shoe covers and aprons, wear gloves.

Contaminated cleaning material should be soaked in a disinfectant solution (concentration and exposure time - see instructions for the disinfectant) in a ratio of 1:4, and then disposed of in accordance with the instructions for waste disposal of class B.

APPENDIX 2

First aid kit for HIV prevention

Contents of a first aid kit:

Additionally, it is necessary to provide in the department:

• instructions for carrying out emergency preventive measures in case of emergencies;
• working disinfectant solutions in the disinfection corner, an irreducible supply of tap water for washing hands in a 5-liter container, toilet soap, individual napkins for blotting hands.

To clean up large pools of blood you may need: disposable waterproof shoe covers, rubber gloves, rags. If there is a risk of blood splashing, wear glasses or a protective face shield or a waterproof apron.

A first aid kit for the prevention of HIV infection should be stored in a separate labeled box in the treatment room. Responsibilities for monitoring the storage and replenishment of the first aid kit are assigned to the head nurse of the department.

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Answers Eric, HIV consultant

Dasha, hello. 1) no 2) zero 3) if infected blood or other liquid with a high concentration of HIV gets into the mucous membrane of the eye, there is some risk of infection.

Is the answer helpful? Yes 17 / No 3

Answers Eric, HIV consultant

Read carefully again:
If your question is not related to those above, then ask it here: http://aids74.com/trust_mail.html

Is the answer helpful? Yes 5 / No 5

Answers Eric, HIV consultant