What is breast lipogranuloma and how to treat a benign process with the formation of foci of fat necrosis. How does tumor necrosis occur? Fat necrosis of the breast on ultrasound

Necrosis is a dangerous disease characterized by the irreversible cessation of the vital activity of cells, tissues and organs due to the influence of pathogenic microorganisms. In this case, the death of body tissues that have a connection with the environment is noted; the affected tissue or organ becomes black. The disease is life-threatening for the patient.

Before the invention of antibacterial drugs and various instrumental and laboratory diagnostic methods, especially during wars, this pathology was a common occurrence. Most of the wounds to the legs and arms ended in their loss. Often the disease developed in the hospital as a consequence of a postoperative complication resulting from the addition of a nosocomial infection.

Nowadays, this pathology is also not rare. However, today there are many methods of therapy. Treatment of tissue necrosis with folk remedies is also possible, but only if the problem is detected in time, as an auxiliary remedy.

There are plenty of reasons for tissue death. However, they all boil down to a common thing - lack of blood supply to the affected organ. As a result, oxygen does not reach the tissues, and necrosis develops.

The occurrence of gangrene can be caused by:

• the presence of diabetes mellitus, thrombophlebitis, obliterating endarteritis, atherosclerosis;
• frostbite of the extremities;
• radiation sickness;
• electric shock;
• injuries, wounds characterized by disruption of the integrity of blood vessels and nerves;
• prolonged compression of the organ;
• tuberculosis;
• acid, alkaline burns;
• exposure to harmful substances on the body: mercury, acetone, lead;
• metabolic problems;
• pathogenic microorganisms.

The first dangerous sign of necrosis is tissue numbness and loss of sensitivity. In addition, necrosis of tissues or organs is characterized by poor circulation. If you do not take action at the initial stage of the pathology, do not begin to treat it, the disease will progress - the skin will begin to turn blue, black, and green.

Necrosis of the lower extremities is characterized by rapid fatigue, chills, cramps, pain, lameness, as well as the appearance of non-healing trophic ulcers. With gangrene, there is a deterioration in general well-being, poor circulation, and disruptions in the functioning of the central nervous system, kidneys, respiratory system, and liver. Further, there is a significant decrease in the protective properties of the body, as well as the development of concomitant pathologies, including anemia, hypovitaminosis, and nervous exhaustion.

There are several types of gangrene: necrosis of joints, skin, bones, internal organs, retina, etc.

The use of folk remedies for the treatment of necrosis of soft tissues, bones or joints must be appropriate and must be approved by the attending physician. You should also not abandon drug treatment in favor of folk treatment. Only complex therapy helps to cure pathology and normalize general well-being and condition.

Effective recipes for the treatment of necrosis of the musculoskeletal system

If the problem is identified in the early stages, then traditional medicine can be used along with conservative therapy. Any delay or refusal of treatment is fraught with disastrous consequences.

Treatment of necrosis with folk remedies involves the use of decoctions, infusions, ointments, compresses, and other drugs. All medicines consist entirely of natural ingredients. In order to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect, try to maintain the proportions, dosages, and frequency of use of the formulations. It is also not recommended to abuse the funds.

The main cause of avascular necrosis of the hip joint is the cessation of blood supply to the joint.

Necrosis of the head of the hip joint is usually caused by: joint injuries, addictions, embolism, venous stasis, disruption of the integrity of blood vessels, pancreatitis, as well as exposure to ionizing radiation on the body. Necrosis of the hip joint can be cured not only with the help of conservative and surgical techniques, but also with alternative medicine.

1. Pine buds for the treatment of pathology. To prepare the product, you need to take sugar and fresh pine buds. The ingredients should be layered up to about half the bottle. Next, the container is closed with a lid and placed in a warm place for a week. When syrup forms in the jar, rub it into the affected joint. The same medicine is intended for oral administration. Take three tablespoons of the drug twice a day. The duration of the therapeutic course is two months.
2. Sabelnik will help in the treatment of necrosis of the hip joint. This plant helps eliminate pain and activate blood circulation. Pour the crushed dried plant in the amount of fifty grams of vodka - a liter. Place the hermetically sealed container in a cool, dark place for a month. After this time, filter the preparation. Take thirty drops of the drug every day. In order to achieve a greater therapeutic effect, rub the tincture into the affected joint.
3. The use of healing compresses. Cabbage is the best assistant in the fight against ailments of the musculoskeletal system. Take a couple of cabbage leaves, beat them a little until the juice comes out, and then brush them with honey. Apply the sheet with the lubricated side to the painful area. Place polyethylene on top of the sheet and insulate it.
4. Healing baths in the fight against joint necrosis. Turpentine baths help cure the disease. To improve the therapeutic effect, in addition to half a teaspoon of turpentine, add crushed Jerusalem artichoke rhizomes, pine branches, and sea salt to the bath. The salt must first be dissolved. The duration of the procedure is ten minutes. After water procedures, apply iodine mesh and honey to the affected area. The therapeutic course consists of twenty such procedures.

Treatment of areas of dead skin

Skin necrosis is a pathological process consisting in the death of part of the tissue. The disease is characterized by swelling, hyperemia, increased heart rate, increased temperature and malaise. A good effect can be achieved by using medications in combination with products from plants and other natural ingredients.

1. Application of healing ointment. Mix wax with honey, lard, rosin, sunflower oil and laundry soap in equal proportions. The composition must be brought to a boil. After the mixture has cooled, add chopped garlic, onion and aloe. Mix the composition well. Apply the product to the affected area twice a day. Before applying the ointment, it needs to be warmed up.

2. Mix 30 grams of melted pork fat with slaked lime - a teaspoon and the same amount of oak bark ash. Mix the ingredients thoroughly. You should use the ointment before going to bed, at night, under a bandage. The duration of the therapeutic course is five days.

3. Use of baths. Pour two kilograms of chestnut fruit with water (so that it covers the raw material). Place the container on the stove and wait until it boils. Reduce heat, boil the mixture for about 15 minutes. Next, pour the liquid into a bottle, and fill the chestnuts with water again and boil. Combine both decoctions and simmer until two liters of liquid remains. Pour the broth into the bath. The duration of water procedures is a quarter of an hour. Carry out the procedure every other day.

Pancreatic necrosis

Characterized by changes and death of organ tissue. Along with drug therapy and proper nutrition, the disease can be cured using alternative medicine.

• Application of infusion of Japanese sophora. Brew 20 grams of chopped herb in 20 ml of boiled water. Place the container in a warm place for two hours. Drink a quarter glass of filtered drink three times a day, before meals. The duration of the therapeutic course is one and a half weeks. A repeated course can be carried out after two weeks, not earlier.
• Blueberry infusion in the fight against pancreatic necrosis. Steam 30 grams of crushed leaves and berries of the plant in two hundred milliliters of boiling water. Leave the composition to brew. Drink 50 ml of strained drink three times a day.

Gangrene of the lower extremities

There are dry necrosis and wet necrosis. Dry gangrene occurs due to a sharp blockage of oxygen access to tissues. It is characterized by drying out of the tissue, gradual wrinkling and reduction in size. If measures are not taken in time, dry gangrene will turn into wet gangrene due to infection. This type of necrosis is more dangerous, as it is fraught with blood poisoning and complete intoxication of the body. In the early stages of marking the limbs, such means will help.

1. Use of compresses with yogurt. Soak gauze folded in several layers in yogurt and apply to the affected area. Change compresses as often as possible.

2. Rye bread in the fight against gangrene. Take a piece of rye bread, chew it and salt it well. Place the mixture on the affected area and bandage it. For a better effect, you can put a couple of cabbage leaves on the bread. Carry out the procedure three times a day.

3. Clove oil will help in therapy. Soak a gauze pad in oil and apply it to the sore spot. Secure with a bandage. The procedure must be carried out three times a day.

Breast problems

Fat necrosis of the mammary gland is characterized by focal aseptic necrosis of fatty tissue with its subsequent replacement by scar tissue. Treatment of fat necrosis of the mammary gland is surgical. Traditional medicine can be taken as an adjuvant therapy during the recovery period.

• Mix crushed dried pomegranate bark with the bark of viburnum branches and the bark of oak branches in equal proportions. Brew 30 grams of raw material with boiling water - 300 ml. Bring the mixture to a boil. Reduce heat and simmer for another five minutes. Take 50 ml of filtered medicine three times a day, before meals.
• Combine viburnum juice and honey in equal proportions. Mix the ingredients thoroughly and take a teaspoon of the drug twice a day - in the morning and in the evening.

Treatment of necrosis with folk remedies is effective and efficient. However, it is necessary to use herbal remedies as additional treatment. Before using this or that composition, do not forget to consult your doctor regarding its appropriateness.

Tumor necrosis is the process of death of a malignant or benign neoplasm, in which metabolism in pathological tissues completely stops. Necrotic changes go through four successive phases:

1. Reversible phase or paranecrosis.
2. The irreversible cytological stage is necrobiosis.
3. Death of tumor cell structures.

Reasons for the development of tumor necrosis

The following factors contribute to the formation of irreversible destruction of neoplasm tissue:

1. Mechanical injury to mutated cells.
2. Exposure to high or extremely low temperatures.
3. Irradiation of the tumor with highly active ionizing radiation.
4. Chemical factors of necrosis.

General concept of tumor necrosis factor

Necrosis factor or cachectin is synthesized by t-lymphocytes and macrophages. This substance causes hemorrhagic necrosis of certain malignant cells. Until recently, experts believed that it had a toxic effect only on cancer tissue. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of cachectin in many physiological and pathological reactions of the human body. The effect of TNF directly depends on its concentration in the circulatory system. Thus, an increased amount of cachectin provokes the development of septic shock and reduces the absorption of fats, which thereby contributes to the progression of cancer cachexia. An insufficient amount of cachectin, in turn, stimulates the concentration of neutrophils in the blood walls during the inflammatory process.

Discovery of tumor necrosis factor in oncology

Tumor necrosis factor was first isolated in 1975 in the city of Kakhectin, from which, as a result, the second name of this substance came. The studies were conducted on mice that were injected with BCG and endotoxin. Scientists have identified cachectin in the blood serum of these animals. During laboratory tests, experts also established the antitumor activity of the blood cells of experimental mice.

Basic properties of necrosis factor

Under normal physiological conditions, cachectin is an important mediator of the inflammatory process and an active participant in the body’s immune defense. Dysfunction of this system can lead to allergic reactions in the form of immediate hypersensitivity.

In the course of numerous studies, scientists have identified a direct connection between an increase in cachectin in the blood of experimental animals and the development of endoscopic shock.

Science also knows that necrosis factor for some structural elements of human tissue is a growth factor that stimulates wound healing, restoration of blood flow and the formation of cellular abscesses.

But still, the key function of cachectin is its ability to cause tumor necrosis in cancer. In modern oncology, these abilities of the necrotic factor have found wide application. It should be noted that extensive necrosis of mutated cells can be life-threatening for a cancer patient.

Acute tumor necrosis syndrome

The syndrome of active destruction of tumor tissue develops after the administration of active anticancer drugs and chemotherapy. In such cases, a large number of cancer cells die and a large amount of decay products and cytotoxins enter the patient’s circulatory system. COOH can be fatal. To prevent such negative consequences, the patient during therapy should be under constant medical supervision for timely provision of emergency care.

The mechanism of occurrence of acute tumor necrosis syndrome

According to statistical data, the development of this syndrome is mainly observed in patients and. Experts associate this fact with an increased concentration of phosphates in mutated cells of the circulatory and lymphoid systems. Predisposing factors to this pathology are also considered to be:

1. Large size of the malignant neoplasm.
2. Multiple tumors.
3. Rapid growth of the tumor.
4. The growth of a cancerous tumor into internal organs.
5. Decrease in circulating blood volume.

During the active destruction of mutated cells, increased amounts of potassium and phosphate are released into the patient’s body. It is the symptoms of hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia that cause the clinical manifestations of acute tumor necrosis syndrome.

Tumor necrosis in oncology: diagnosis and tests

First of all, I would like to note that a patient receiving intensive anti-cancer treatment must be under the constant supervision of doctors. When the first signs of intoxication are detected in the form of diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, the following diagnostic procedures are performed:

1. Biochemical blood test, which pays special attention to the concentration of potassium and phosphate ions.
2. Electrocardiogram. An increase in potassium concentration in the circulatory system can provoke bradycardia.
3. Analysis of urine. Cancer intoxication is often accompanied by an increase in creatinine and acetone in the patient’s urine.

Treatment methods for acute tumor necrosis syndrome

Emergency medical care in such cases consists of intravenous administration of a sodium chloride solution, which normalizes the level of potassium and phosphate. The level of required fluid is determined individually for patients, which is also administered parenterally, which helps detoxify the body. With a secondary increase in potassium concentration, the administration of drugs based on calcium ions is indicated.

According to modern oncology standards, it is necessary to monitor at all stages of anti-tank therapy, starting from specific diagnostics and ending at the stage of patient rehabilitation. Prevention of such a complication lies only in the most accurate determination of the size and localization of the malignant neoplasm.

Fat necrosis of the mammary gland is characterized by gradual necrosis of the tissue of the same name, followed by scarring of the problem area. This process develops in patches. It is quite difficult to differentiate between fat necrosis and cancer based on external signs and sensations. In both cases, painful sensations occur and the shape of the breast changes in both women and men.

general information

Fat necrosis is diagnosed in 0.6% of cases of breast growths. In men, this process in this area is detected extremely rarely. This fact is due to the lack of a sufficient amount of adipose tissue. Moreover, more often fat necrosis is diagnosed in overweight men.

The pathological process is most typical for women with large breasts. The risk zone includes patients of reproductive age (25-35 years).

Causes

The main reason for the development of necrosis of breast fatty tissue is trauma to the mammary glands resulting from:

• bruise;
• surgical intervention;
• sampling material during biopsy.

The appearance of fat necrosis is promoted by rapid weight loss. Loss of body weight occurs against the background of severe systemic pathologies or when following a strict diet.

Factors that provoke necrosis of breast fatty tissue include:

• tuberculosis;
• malignant tumors;
• endocrine disorders;
• severe stress;
• intoxication of the body.

It is also possible that necrosis will develop after radiation therapy and against the background of cardiovascular pathologies.

Tissue death occurs due to impaired blood circulation in the mammary glands. Because of this, the cells receive insufficient nutrients, which triggers the necrotic process.

When blood vessels are damaged, the body strives to restore tissue. Because of this, foci of inflammation appear in the problem area, separated from healthy areas. As the process progresses, tissue necrosis begins. But thanks to the activity of the body, the affected cells are removed naturally. And the necrotic focus is covered with fibrous tissue.

Symptoms

Due to the fact that necrosis develops after injury, signs of damage become noticeable before tissue death begins. The presence of a problem is indicated by:

• the appearance of lumps in the chest;
• nipple retraction;
• painful sensations that intensify upon contact;
• deterioration of the general condition of the body.

The tumor, which forms against the background of the inflammatory process, has an oval (rounded) shape. Upon palpation, an elastic structure is noted. The tumor is characterized by low mobility due to adhesion to neighboring tissues.

As the necrotic process progresses, the intensity of pain may decrease due to numbness of the skin. The skin over the source of inflammation acquires a red or bluish tint.

The deterioration of the general condition is associated with the fact that decay products arising during the process of necrosis spread throughout the body, causing intoxication. Because of this, decreased appetite, poor sleep, and lethargy are possible. Body temperature remains within normal limits in most patients.

Diagnostic methods

If breast necrosis is suspected, information about the patient’s condition is first collected, and then the problem area is palpated. To make an accurate diagnosis, the following studies will be required:

• X-ray;
• tomosynthesis, which creates a two-dimensional image of the gland;
• optical mammography.

To exclude a malignant tumor, material is taken (biopsy), followed by histological and cytological examination of the tissue. Additionally, a general blood test is prescribed to rule out bacterial infection.

Possible complications

Necrosis of adipose tissue provokes the formation of fistulas in the problem area. The course of the pathological process contributes to the addition of bacterial microflora and suppuration of tissues, which can cause the development of sepsis.

In advanced cases, patients with fat necrosis develop gangrene.

Treatment options

Elimination of necrosis of adipose tissue of the mammary glands is carried out through surgery. Conservative therapy and treatment with folk remedies are not applicable in this case. Medications are recommended to eliminate the consequences of surgery, as well as to suppress bacterial microflora. For this purpose:

1. Broad-spectrum antibiotics. The drugs not only suppress infections, but also prevent infection.
2. Vitamin complexes. Stimulates the restoration of damaged tissues.

Surgery for necrosis is used due to the difficulty of differentiating such a lesion from a cancerous tumor. Besides, After tissue death, tissues are not restored.

The type of operation is selected depending on the location of the necrotic process. Basically, sectoral is used, in which only part of the mammary gland is removed. After excision, tissues are sent for histological examination to exclude a malignant tumor.

Prognosis and prevention

The prognosis for adipose tissue necrosis is ambiguous. In most cases, there are no complications after surgery except that the woman is missing part of her breast. Tissue plastic surgery is used to restore the mammary gland.

The prognosis is unfavorable in cases of late presentation, when necrosis has caused systemic complications.

In order to prevent inflammation with subsequent death of breast tissue, it is recommended to avoid trauma to the breast. To do this, you should wear comfortable underwear, avoid contact sports, and avoid strict diets. Women (especially of reproductive age) need to promptly treat breast diseases and endocrine pathologies. In addition, it is important to undergo regular examinations (every six months) by a mammologist and immediately consult a doctor if palpation reveals lumps in the breast.

• Breast biopsy.

For many women, the phrase “fat necrosis of the breast” sounds ominous. In fact, this condition is not so scary and does not even always require treatment. The terrible word “necrosis” in this case simply means the death of adipose tissue cells. Over time, the dead cells are replaced by a scar or form a cyst.

Why does fat necrosis of the mammary gland occur?

The most common reason is breast surgery. After all, any surgical intervention, especially extensive, is a tissue injury and leads to disruption of the blood supply. Moreover, fat necrosis does not always develop immediately after surgery; years may pass.

There are other possible reasons:

• Chest injuries. Fat necrosis can occur after a car accident due to trauma to the chest from a seat belt.
• Breast biopsy.
• Radiation therapy for cancer. Radiation can damage not only tumor tissue, but also healthy tissue, resulting in a complication - fat necrosis.
• Among the patients, ladies with curvy figures predominate, who have more fatty tissue in their breasts. The high-risk group includes middle-aged women with saggy, out-of-shape breasts.

What are the symptoms of the pathology?

Fat necrosis of the mammary gland can be asymptomatic, in which case it is detected only during examination, after mammography.

A painful swelling may appear in the chest, the skin over it becomes red or bluish, but the body temperature remains normal. Some women experience nipple discharge. The skin over the lesion is retracted, and in some cases the nipple is retracted.

Similar manifestations occur with malignant breast tumors. Don't delay visiting the doctor. Timely examination helps to exclude cancer.

Fat necrosis of the mammary gland – necrosis of an area of ​​adipose tissue of the mammary gland with its subsequent replacement by scar tissue occurs due to impaired blood circulation in this area.

The mammary gland consists of glandular tissue and adipose tissue; there are also layers of dense connective tissue that divide the gland into lobes. Each mammary gland consists of 15–20 lobes, which in turn are divided into smaller lobules. The space between the lobules is filled with adipose tissue. In addition, adipose tissue is present at the base of the gland, which forms a kind of cushion. The shape and volume of the mammary glands depend on the amount of adipose tissue. Damage to adipose tissue not only leads to a cosmetic defect, but is also accompanied by dysfunction of the mammary glands.

The most common cause of fat necrosis of the mammary gland is trauma, which occurs as a result of impact, compression, falling, or excessive massaging. Breast injuries are more common in women involved in sports, where the risk of injury increases significantly compared to everyday life, as well as in women with macromastia (large breast size). In addition, the development of the disease is possible due to an infectious process, surgical intervention, for example, reconstructive mammoplasty, subcutaneous administration of drugs, sudden weight loss, and hormonal disorders.

It is important to notice signs of fat necrosis at an early stage and immediately consult a mammologist for a detailed diagnosis. Relapses of the disease do not develop in the case of high-quality removal of dead tissue. A repeat case of fat necrosis can only occur with repeated trauma. Tissue necrosis is an irreversible process; therefore, necrotic tissue will never recover. If the outcome is favorable, dead tissue is replaced by connective tissue. If the outcome is unfavorable, purulent inflammation develops.

Symptoms

A common cause of fat necrosis of the mammary gland is trauma. A painful lump appears at the site of the impact. This formation is fused to the skin, has a dense consistency, and does not have clear boundaries. The skin over the affected area becomes hot to the touch, and the color takes on a bluish or red tint. As the process spreads, deformation of the mammary gland occurs and retractions appear. In the case of a long course of the disease, the dead adipose tissue is replaced by scar (connective tissue). This process is accompanied by a decrease in pain, as well as pronounced persistent deformation of the mammary gland. In rare cases, the axillary lymph nodes become enlarged due to the development of an inflammatory process in them. The general condition of the woman usually does not suffer, only in severe cases of the disease, when septic melting of the foci occurs, an increase in body temperature, chills, and the appearance of general weakness are observed. In the advanced stage, the formation of cracks and ulcers with purulent discharge is possible.

Diagnostics

Every woman should be examined by a gynecologist twice a year. At the appointment, the doctor palpates the mammary glands for preventive purposes. If a suspicious formation is detected in the mammary gland, the gynecologist writes a referral to a mammologist for further examination. With fat necrosis, a formation with unclear contours is palpated, causing pain to the patient. In the future, it is possible to prescribe an ultrasound of the mammary glands, however, it should be noted that this research method will not help in verifying the diagnosis, so the rationality of its use remains in question. In addition, the doctor may prescribe the following studies: plain mammography, CT, MRI. These studies will also not show specific features unique to fat necrosis. Considering that a nodular formation with a heterogeneous structure raises suspicions not only regarding the disease in question, but also such a formidable one as breast cancer, a breast biopsy is indicated. A biopsy is necessary for further cytological and histological examination, which will help in establishing the diagnosis. The study is recommended to be carried out under X-ray or ultrasound control.

Treatment

Unfortunately, it is impossible to get rid of the problem with the help of medications, since they are not able to rid a woman of the most altered area of ​​the mammary gland. Therefore, the treatment involves surgical intervention, which consists of sectoral resection of the mammary gland, that is, the area of ​​the mammary gland that is affected by fat necrosis is removed. After removal, this area is sent for histological examination to exclude malignant cells. When the process is sufficiently advanced, it is necessary to resort to removing the entire mammary gland. Currently, this phenomenon is rare, since every year women undergo preventive examinations, during which the process can be detected at an early stage. An advanced process is observed if a woman ignored visits to the gynecologist, and also did not seek help from a doctor after discovering symptoms characteristic of this disease.

Considering that the disease occurs with pain, it is possible to use painkillers to eliminate this phenomenon.

In the future, you should be more careful about your health and avoid traumatic factors. If an injury does occur, it is recommended to elevate the mammary gland using a bandage. After which it is necessary to monitor the condition of the injured mammary gland and, if symptoms characteristic of the disease appear, immediately consult a doctor for help.

Medicines

In the treatment of fatty necrosis of the mammary gland, drugs are practically not used, since they are not able to eliminate the problem of the disease itself. And they are prescribed to relieve pain, which is a frequent accompaniment of the disease. Analgin, nimesulide, and ketorolac can be used as painkillers. These drugs are prescribed mainly in tablet form; for severe pain that does not go away after taking a painkiller tablet, injections are prescribed. The most effective drug from this group, which has the most pronounced analgesic effect, is ketorolac. It is important to know that these products are not recommended for long-term use. In most cases, they are used for no more than 5 days.

In the clinic of the disease, an increase in temperature may be present. In such cases, drugs with an antipyretic effect, for example, ibuprofen, are prescribed. It is worth noting that medications should be used only when the temperature rises above 38 ° C; before this period, our body is able to cope with its condition on its own.

Folk remedies

To prevent the development of fat necrosis, it is necessary to protect yourself from injuries, since they are considered the most common cause of the development of the disease. In addition, it is extremely important to perform a self-examination of the mammary glands. Every woman should be able to perform this procedure, but this does not mean that if you observe regular self-examination, you can neglect going to the gynecologist. A specialist will assess the condition of the mammary glands with the greatest accuracy and, if necessary, prescribe studies to confirm his doubts.

For the examination, the following steps must be completed:

1. Stand near a mirror with your arms extended along your body. Check whether both mammary glands are the same in size, shape, appearance, and whether there are any differences among them. Any changes, for example, redness of the skin, the presence of retractions or wrinkles, discharge from the nipple should alert you and be a reason to go to the doctor;
2. Repeat the same steps, but with your arms raised above your head.
3. Place your hands on your waist, then alternately tense and relax the muscles of your anterior chest several times. During these actions, continue to monitor the condition of the mammary glands;
4. On both breasts one at a time, pinch the nipples between your thumb and forefinger. During these actions, you should pay attention to the presence of discharge from the nipple, if any, it is necessary to note the nature of the discharge;
5. Lie on your back and relax. Using the pads of 2-4 fingers brought together, alternately palpate the right and left glands. The right gland is felt with the left hand and vice versa. Feeling is done in a circle. Identification of areas of compaction or, conversely, softening, pain upon palpation indicates the development of a process that is not characteristic of the normal state of the mammary gland;
6. Repeat the feeling in a standing position.

All these actions are not difficult to perform, so every woman should find the time and opportunity to examine the mammary glands.

The information is for reference only and is not a guide to action. Do not self-medicate. At the first symptoms of the disease, consult a doctor.