Hormonal disorder in women. What should women do if they have hormonal imbalance?

All processes in the body are regulated by special substances - hormones.

The main hormones that control important changes in the female body - estrogen and progesterone.

Normal processes of puberty, menstrual cycle, reproductive function- this is their sphere of influence.

In addition, the general condition of a woman, her mood, depends on the ratio of estrogen and progesterone. appearance, sleep, performance.

There are two more hormones produced in the female body - prolactin and testosterone, but they manifest themselves at certain moments and under certain conditions of the body.

In addition to sex hormones, there are others that play an important role in well-being, mental state and life, regulating the functions of not only the sexual, but also the nervous, cardiovascular, and skeletal functions. muscular systems. These include hormones of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, the pituitary gland.

Hormonal imbalance in women was originally meant as a pathology endocrine system, in which menstrual irregularities primarily occurred. But in fact, any imbalance in the functioning of the endocrine system and imbalance of hormones leads to various consequences and, accordingly, a large number of diseases. According to statistics, about 80% of women suffer from hormonal imbalances, but many of them attribute this to physical activity or existing diseases.

Hormonal imbalance in women - causes

If previously it was believed that hormonal imbalances were the prerogative of “ladies of Balzac’s age,” now this pathology has become much younger and occurs at any age. In addition, hormonal imbalance is not always a consequence of pathology. Often this is a manifestation physiological changes in the body resulting from:

- puberty;

— pregnancy and childbirth;

- menopause;

— genetic predisposition(primary amenorrhea - complete absence menstruation).

If we are not talking about physiological disorders, then hormonal imbalance in women is a consequence of the disease, and the reasons can be varied:

— sexually transmitted infections;

- other infectious and general diseases body;

- various pathologies thyroid gland;

— consequences of abortions, other therapeutic or diagnostic instrumental interventions;

- stress;

- excessive physical activity;

- overwork;

- overeating.

There are many other reasons that lead to the development of hormonal imbalance in a woman. In each specific case, the doctor finds out this at the appointment, so that when prescribing treatment, he can influence the cause of the imbalance or eliminate it.

Hormonal imbalance in women - symptoms

A variety of symptoms, which many women do not associate with the development of a hormonal imbalance, can appear simultaneously or occur in a certain time period as separate complaints and a corresponding clinical picture.

The main symptoms of hormonal imbalance in women:

1. Menstrual irregularities:

- a delay lasting more than 35 days or less than 28 days is considered pathological;

- abundant or scanty discharge are also not the norm.

2. The eternal feeling of weakness and fatigue when normal mode sleep and rest.

3. Inability to sleep, despite being overtired and drowsy.

4. Decreased or complete absence of sexual desire.

5. Frequently changing mood for no apparent reason, tearfulness, irritability.

6. Weight gain in the absence of overeating and a normal diet.

7. Frequent painful headaches.

8. Hair loss, dry skin, acne.

There are some other manifestations of various pathologies in women, which they rarely associate with hormonal disruptions. But the occurrence of such symptoms indicates a violation hormonal balance and requires a more thorough examination by specialists. These include:

1. Repeated fractures, which may be a consequence of impaired formation of parathyroid hormone.

2. Unreasonable weight gain: in addition to hormonal imbalance associated with the production of sex hormones, an imbalance may occur thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH), which is produced by the thyroid gland. With an excess amount of this hormone, hypothyroidism develops, one of the symptoms of which is increased weight bodies. Accordingly, with its deficiency - hyperthyroidism - a person loses weight.

3. Increased fluid intake due to constant thirst- the result of a violation of insulin synthesis by the pancreas. This leads to the development of diabetes mellitus - very severe pathology, which takes years to be treated and sometimes requires treatment for life hypoglycemic drugs.

4. Sudden palpitations, increased blood pressure- this may be due to the production of large amounts of adrenaline (a hormone produced by the adrenal glands). To correct it, it is necessary to devote more time to rest and relaxation, and, if possible, to refuse bad habits.

5. The various disruptions of the menstrual cycle, which were mentioned above, are associated with a violation of the metabolism of prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland and in small quantities by the endometrium. Its increased formation can lead to infertility in women. Normally, prolactin regulates lactation and mammary gland development.

6. Decreased libido indicates low estrogen levels. Normally, a decrease in estrogen in the body can occur after 35 years. If this happens earlier, this is a reason to consult a doctor.

7. Increased quantity Hair on a woman's body indicates a high level of testosterone in the body. Testosterone is a male sex hormone, present in women in small quantities and responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in the fetus during pregnancy. Testosterone imbalance may be caused by the use of steroids or certain antihypertensive drugs.

Hormonal disbalance may occur differently in women, sometimes it manifests itself in all its diversity clinical picture, sometimes - with specific, very unpleasant symptoms. For some women, this is vaginal dryness, for others, it is the formation of fibroids, various cysts in the ovaries, mammary glands, and for many, sudden appearance wrinkles and skin aging. A sharp exacerbation of premenstrual syndrome, which has not been observed before, is possible, accompanied by pain in the chest, joints, increased irritability and absent-mindedness.

The appearance of these symptoms of hormonal imbalance in women should be a signal to immediately visit a specialist who will diagnose and prescribe adequate treatment to avoid further serious complications.

Diagnosis of hormonal imbalance in women

Diagnostic methods vary depending on the symptoms of hormonal imbalance and objective status data during examination. For diagnostics the following are used:

- blood tests for hormones (depending on clinical symptoms);

— Ultrasound of the uterus with appendages, thyroid gland (also depending on the prevailing symptoms of hormonal disruption in the woman);

- hysteroscopy;

- laparoscopy.

Hormonal imbalance in women - treatment

Treatment of hormonal imbalance in women is prescribed after examination, depending on the identified causes of the imbalance. It is aimed at eliminating the cause and normalizing the identified violations.

1. Conservative treatment.

– In cases of menstrual irregularities, hormonal drugs are prescribed to restore normal hormone levels. Since all these drugs have many side effects, and sometimes you have to take them for an indefinitely long time; self-medication is unacceptable. When prescribing, the doctor must assess all the risks of side effects in each specific case. Most often prescribed oral contraceptives, single-phase or two-phase.

– Comprehensive drug therapy includes mandatory vitamin therapy: vitamins A, E; microelements: calcium. They improve the quality of hair and nails, regulate the levels of progesterone and estrogen.

– Substitute hormone therapy.

— “Mastodinone”, “Cyclodinone” regulate the menstrual cycle.

— “Klimadinon” eliminates unpleasant symptoms of menopausal disorders.

2. Surgical treatment.

Surgical interventions are performed according to indications in cases where drug treatment does not produce results (tumors, fibroids, fibroids on certain stages and etc.).

3. Treatment of hormonal imbalance using traditional methods.

Traditionally, when many people discover symptoms of hormonal imbalance, instead of contacting a specialist, they begin to treat themselves with folk remedies. You must understand that such treatment can only be an addition to the main one, which should be prescribed by a doctor.

Medicinal herbs can be used for cupping certain symptoms hormonal imbalance and take for a short time, using standard instructions for preparing decoctions or infusions:

- for pain and heavy uterine secretions horsetail and St. John's wort in the form of infusions are effective;

- with meager, but long periods you can use sage, oregano;

— decoctions of motherwort and plantain will help relieve unpleasant symptoms during menopause;

— for the prevention of premature birth, elecampane in the form of a decoction helps.

Hormonal imbalance in women - prevention

Prevention of hormonal imbalance in women involves compliance with healthy image life, eliminating factors that can lead to imbalance in the body. For prevention it is necessary:

- avoid bad habits;

- establish good nutrition;

— work and rest schedule:

- visit a gynecologist at least once a year, even in the absence of complaints;

- pay attention to your well-being, to all menstrual irregularities;

— mark all cycles on the calendar so as not to miss the development of disorders;

- try to get away from stressful situations.

By following these rules, you can avoid hormonal imbalances and their complications.

The amount of hormones and their correct interaction significantly affect a woman’s health. Hormonal imbalance is a phenomenon characterized by insufficient production of female sex hormones.

Such a violation can lead to the development of various diseases of the female reproductive system, as well as, along with malfunctions immune system, inflammatory processes and sexually transmitted infections can provoke many serious conditions:

disrupted menstrual cycle;
formation of polyps;
polycystic disease;
uterine fibroids;
hyperplasia.

To avoid this, it is extremely important to undergo regular examinations with a gynecologist, since many pathologies reproductive system develop without any clinical manifestations– pain, bleeding and other symptoms.

In this article we will understand the causes of hormonal imbalance in women, consider the main symptoms that cannot be ignored, and also effective methods treatment of this phenomenon.

Causes of hormonal imbalance

There are many provoking factors that can cause a woman’s sex hormone levels to change. First of all, this is explained by the relationship of hormonal levels with the functioning of the neuroendocrine regulation of the central nervous system located in the brain, as well as with the proper functioning of the endocrine system.

Considering this point, the reasons that can cause changes in hormonal levels are classified as follows:

Causes that arose as a result of disturbances in the functioning of central regulation.
Causes that are provoked by pathologies of the endocrine system. Disturbances in its activity are caused by the appearance of various neoplasms, infectious diseases, inflammation and other conditions.

So, we can highlight following reasons hormonal imbalance:

Genetics. Congenital anomalies hormonal system represent quite complex problem, which is difficult to correct. Typically, the main reason for concern is primary amenorrhea (a phenomenon in which girls over 16 years of age completely lack menstruation).
Endocrine diseases (disturbances in the functioning of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland, pancreas).
Taking oral contraceptives. Such drugs contain hormones, for this reason a disorder occurs that manifests itself in early stages in excess body weight.
Colds, acute rotavirus and respiratory diseases. It has been proven that such diseases, if they occur very often, can lead to problems with hormonal levels.
Poor nutrition. If a woman sits on strict diets, practices strict abstinence from food, the body begins to suffer from a lack of necessary elements, thanks to which certain hormones are produced.
Various diseases, including asthma, uterine fibroids, migraines, polycystic ovary syndrome.
A surgical intervention during which the internal female genital organs are treated.
Nervous overstrain, neuroses, stress and depression - all this has an impact Negative influence on the level of hormones in a woman’s body.
Overweight. Availability of large quantity extra pounds increases the risk of developing hormonal imbalance in a woman.

In addition to the factors listed above, imbalances in hormone levels can be caused by physiological conditions such as:

puberty, bearing a child;
childbirth;
lactation;
menopause

But in most cases, the body restores normal hormone levels on its own.

What the clinical manifestations of hormonal imbalance will be has a direct connection with the woman’s age and physiological state. For example, if girls experience a slowdown in the development of secondary sexual characteristics during adolescence, mature women the main manifestations are focused on menstruation and the ability to conceive a child. This means that the signs of hormonal imbalance vary, but the most striking are severe symptoms, which directly indicate the presence of such a problem, the following is considered:

Unstable menstrual cycle. Constant delays, or absence critical days during some time.
Increased body weight. Happening sharp set extra pounds, fat deposits quickly form, and this process is not affected by nutrition. Even if a woman exhausts herself with strict diets and limits herself in food, she still gets fat due to hormonal disorders.
Decreased sexual desire. It happens that with problems with hormones, a woman loses interest in sex and her libido decreases.
Frequently changing mood, irritation, nervousness. The woman constantly experiences mood swings, but to a greater extent She almost always has it bad. Anger, aggressiveness towards others, a pessimistic attitude, frequent depressive states appear - all of this often manifests itself as a change in hormone levels.
Hair loss. Often one of the signs of changes in hormone levels in women is hair loss of varying degrees of intensity.
Sleep disturbances, fatigue, weakness. The woman begins to have trouble sleeping at night and suffers from constant fatigue and drowsiness. Even good vacation does not improve the condition.

Other symptoms are also characteristic of hormonal imbalances, but they are mostly of an individual nature. Such clinical manifestations include the formation of wrinkles, the appearance of cysts in the mammary glands, vaginal dryness, etc.

Therapy for such a phenomenon will be selected depending on the results of diagnostic measures. As a rule, to eliminate the symptoms of hormonal imbalance, the patient is prescribed medications that contain the same hormones, whose production in the female body is insufficient or completely absent.

Symptoms of hormonal imbalance in girls during puberty

Unstable or completely absent menstrual cycle after the girl turns 16 years old.
Lack of hair in the armpits and pubic area, or, conversely, increased hair growth.
Underdevelopment of the mammary glands.
Severe thinness, impossibility of normal fat deposition, disproportionality of the limbs.

Symptoms of hormonal imbalance in women of reproductive age

Persistent menstrual irregularities.
Reproductive problems (miscarriages, inability to conceive, miscarriage).
The appearance of dysfunctional bleeding from the uterine cavity.

Symptoms of hormonal imbalance during menopause and menopause

Depressive state, apathy for a long time, weakened concentration.
Sleep disturbances (as a rule, during this period, a woman wakes up around five in the morning - at this time the production of hormones decreases).
Signs characteristic of premenstrual syndrome. Basically, when menopause occurs, a few days before the start of menstruation, a woman will develop painful sensations V chest, there is an exacerbation of diseases of the digestive system, and severe migraines also occur.

Possible consequences

Hormonal imbalances cause disruptions in the functioning of the entire body, so it is necessary to promptly identify the cause that provoked this phenomenon in order to prevent the risk of serious complications, which include the following:

inability to conceive a child;
obesity;
skeletal disease with decreased bone density (osteoporosis);
gynecological diseases of various nature;
dysfunction of the reproductive system;
the appearance of benign and malignant neoplasms;
high risk of heart attack and stroke.

It should be taken into account that disruption internal organs, as well as most pathologies that are caused by hormonal imbalance, are difficult to correct. However, if you identify the cause, you can understand how to deal with the problem and, accordingly, quickly normalize hormone levels.

Diagnostics

The choice of diagnostic measures will depend on the clinical manifestations as well as the results gynecological examination. Typically, the following methods are used for diagnosis:

Laboratory blood tests for hormone levels.
Ultrasound examination of the uterus and appendages, as well as the thyroid gland.
Visual examination of the uterine cavity using hysteroscopy methods.
Laparoscopy.

Treatment methods

Therapy for this disorder is prescribed after an examination has been completed, taking into account the detected causes that provoked the hormonal imbalance. Therapeutic measures should be aimed primarily at eliminating precisely these causes.

Drug therapy
If the problem is accompanied by instability of the menstrual cycle, the woman may be prescribed the following medications:

Hormonal agents, the action of which is aimed at restoring hormone levels. Since all such drugs have many side effects, and the intake must be carried out over a long period of time, in no case should you engage in independent selection of medication. The doctor is obliged, when prescribing a drug, to determine the possible risks negative phenomena in each specific situation. Single-phase or biphasic oral contraceptives are usually prescribed.
Vitamin complexes, which must include calcium, vitamins E and A. These elements help improve hair condition and nail plates, normalization of the amount of estrogen and progesterone.
Drugs that regulate the menstrual cycle (Cyclodinone, Mastodinone).
Medicines that will relieve the unpleasant symptoms characteristic of menopause (Klimadinon).

Surgical intervention
Operations are performed only if indicated in situations where the use medicines was not effective.

Folk remedies
Many people prefer to carry out treatment using traditional medicine recipes instead of visiting a doctor. It should be understood that such measures are allowed only as an addition to the main treatment prescribed by the doctor.

Medicinal plants can be used to eliminate specific signs hormonal imbalance and use them for a short time.

Effective remedies for hormonal imbalance in women:

Black cumin oil. Helps normalize hormone levels and is successfully used in the treatment of infertility in both women and men. The product should be taken with a dessert spoon. Before meals - to enhance the therapeutic effect, after meals - should be used by women who have difficulty digesting oil on an empty stomach. The oil can be combined with taking hormone-containing medications. But it is important not to take them at the same time. The interval between doses should be at least three hours.
Sage. Provides assistance in the treatment of hormonal imbalance due to a lack of estrogen hormones due to high quantity plant hormones that have estrogen-like effects contained in the product. This plant is widely used to eliminate many problems that are associated with a lack of hormones - the inability to conceive and bear a child, lack of ovulation, endometrial diseases. An infusion of sage, which is used for these purposes, is prepared as follows: chop the dried leaves, 1 tsp. pour boiling water over the raw materials and leave in a warm place for 15 minutes, strain through cheesecloth. Use the product before meals, 50 ml 3 times a day. There is no need to drink at night.
Flaxseeds. They represent a record holder among folk remedies by the content of plant estrogens. The plant contains much more of these elements than soy, which is usually used to correct hormone levels. Linseed oil and the seeds contain lignin, a natural hormone that has estrogen-like properties and has positive influence on the woman's body. You should consume 2 tbsp. flax seeds 2 times a day with a glass of water. After just a few days, the symptoms of hormonal imbalance will decrease, irritability and insomnia will disappear, and after 2 weeks of use the greatest results will be felt.
Beetroot juice. Drinking juices brings a noticeable effect in normalizing hormone levels. This is due not only to the fact that juices from vegetables and fruits contain natural hormones, but also to the fact that they contain a large amount of vitamins, microelements and other useful substances. Greatest benefit Beetroot juice helps in the treatment of hormonal imbalances, but you need to drink it with caution, taking into account the fact that in unlimited quantities it can cause stomach discomfort, as well as fluctuations in blood pressure. It is necessary to introduce beet juice into the diet gradually. At first, you can drink a maximum of 250 ml of the drink per day. It is recommended to dilute it with water or carrot juice in a 1:1 ratio.

Prevention

Preventive measures against hormonal imbalance include the following:

maintaining a healthy lifestyle;
giving up alcohol, cigarettes and other bad habits;
balanced diet;
complete rest;
undergoing a gynecological examination at least once a year;
paying close attention to your own well-being, controlling your menstrual cycle;
avoiding stress.

Video: hormonal restoration

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Organic matter that have biological activity and are produced by endocrine glands (endocrine glands) are called hormones. About 70 hormones are known. They regulate essential functions human body- such as growth, metabolism, sexual development and so on. By chemical structure Hormones are divided into three groups:
1. Protein-peptide.
2. Amino acid derivatives.
3. Steroids.

Hormones are formed in very small quantities and act on the body through the blood (humoral). Their activity is determined by a number of conditions: the supply of necessary vitamins and microelements, amino acids not synthesized by the body, etc.

In a broader sense, hormones include substances that are produced in cells and influence other cells:

hormones of animals that do not have a circulatory system;
hormones that are not produced in the endocrine glands (prostaglandins, erythropoietins, etc.);
plant hormones.

Hormonal background - the ratio of hormones in the human body.

What causes hormonal changes?

Changes in hormonal levels are caused by a large number of internal and external factors: age-related changes in the body, various diseases, psycho-emotional state, developmental anomalies, climatic and environmental conditions, etc.

So, for example, slowing down the series physiological processes in winter is associated with changes in hormonal levels, and is manifested by corresponding deviations in well-being. In spring, such processes are activated, which is marked by a “hormonal explosion.”

There are also differences between female and male hormonal levels.

A woman’s hormonal background is not constant and depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle.

An increase in hormonal levels is observed during pregnancy: the production of a large amount of hormones is observed in the first trimester, and then the expectant mother’s body gradually adapts to the new state.

What are the main glands that produce hormones?

The endocrine system consists of the following components: thyroid, parathyroid (parathyroid), pancreas, thymus (thymus), adrenal glands and genitals, pituitary gland and pineal gland.

The activity of each component of the endocrine system is interconnected with the functioning of the others:

The pituitary gland produces hormones (tropic hormones, prolactin, etc.) that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands.
Thyroid hormones (thyroid hormones are hormones containing iodine: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)) are responsible for the processes of development, growth and metabolism.
Parathyroid produces parathyroid hormones (parathyroidocrines) and regulates calcium-phosphorus metabolism in the body.
The adrenal cortex produces sex hormones and hormones responsible for carbohydrate, fat, protein and mineral metabolism. The adrenal medulla produces adrenaline and norepinephrine, which support normal work heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature and blood glucose levels. The adrenal glands also synthesize mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids.
Pancreatic hormones (insulin, glucagon) are responsible for the metabolism of carbohydrates and other substances.
Gonads ensure the formation of secondary sexual characteristics and the formation of germ cells.
Pineal gland regulates the cyclical and rhythmic processes of the body, producing the night hormone melatonin and the daytime hormone serotonin.
Thymus produces hormones responsible for the development of immune system cells.

Main signs of hormonal imbalance

1. Weight loss with increased appetite. This sign may indicate increased thyroid function. In this case, such a symptom may be supplemented by hand tremors, sleep disturbances, mood swings and nervousness, sweating, heart problems, a prolonged increase in temperature to 37-37.5 o C, and sexual dysfunction.

2. Many hormonal imbalances are accompanied by obesity. So, in case of problems with the thyroid gland, weakness, drowsiness, hair loss, dry skin, decreased blood pressure and temperature, and hoarseness may additionally be observed.
3. Excessive hair growth (hypertrichosis) may be a manifestation of gonadal dysfunction. In women, it is most often associated with increased testosterone production. May be accompanied by acne (pimples), oily skin, dandruff, menstrual irregularities and fertility problems.
4. The formation of striae (purple stretch marks on the skin) indicates a disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary system or dysfunction of the adrenal glands. At the same time, there may be an increase in blood pressure up to high values, deposition of adipose tissue in the abdomen, back, neck and face, sexual dysfunction, hypertrichosis, noticeable decrease in immunity.
5. Manifestation initial signs acromegaly characterized by enlargement of the skull (lower jaw, cheekbones and brow ridges), hands, feet, and is associated with the production of excess growth hormone– growth hormone. Accompanied by joint pain, headaches, numbness of the limbs, fatigue, sexual dysfunction and other symptoms.
6. A tumor of the pituitary gland may be accompanied by a sharp and persistent deterioration in vision, accompanied by headaches.
7. An early sign of diabetes mellitus may be itchy skin, accompanied by thirst, frequent urination and an increase in urine volume. Furunculosis, poor healing of scratches and wounds, and fatigue may occur.
8. Pale, rough, flaky skin, mood swings, slow reactions, memory impairment - may indicate the occurrence of hypothyroidism. At the same time, red spots on the legs and itchy skin, heavy sweating normal temperature and in the absence of additional physical activity, may be a sign of an overactive thyroid gland ( hyperthyroidism).
9. Convulsive muscle contractions, constant headaches, ringing in the ears may indicate a lack of parathyroid hormone. An excess of this hormone manifests itself constant weakness, depression, disorders gastrointestinal tract.

Features of a woman's hormonal background

The balance of sex hormones plays a vital role in a woman’s life. The task of such hormones is to ensure the functioning of the female reproductive system. Changes in hormonal levels caused by an imbalance of sex hormones cause the following problems:

menstrual irregularities;
miscarriage;
labor disorders;
menopausal manifestations;
development tumor diseases(uterine fibroids, etc.).

Hormonal imbalance during puberty is manifested by the following symptoms:

late onset of menstruation (absence before age 16);
irregular menstrual cycle;
pronounced thinness;
excessive hair growth;
poor development of the mammary glands.

Hormonal imbalance in women menopause manifested by symptoms such as:

increased fatigue;
absent-mindedness;
depressive states;
mood swings a week before the start of menstruation;
joint pain;
engorgement of the mammary glands;
night sweats;
early rise.

Hormones that regulate the functioning of the female body include:
1. Estrogens - most of them are produced by the ovaries, and very little by the adrenal glands. As the girl grows up, they are responsible for the formation of a female-type figure: wide, rounded hips, narrow shoulders; determine the growth and development of the genital organs. In adult women, they are responsible for the regularity of the menstrual cycle, the condition of the endometrium of the uterus, the body’s readiness to conceive, bear and give birth to a child. Prevent the development of atherosclerosis, regulate water-salt metabolism, calcium and phosphorus content, are responsible for the work sebaceous glands and skin moisture level. Lack of estrogen provokes the development of osteoporosis, cervical erosion, obesity, breast tumors, autonomic disorders and depressive states.

Immediate treatment requires hormonal imbalance after abortion, which, otherwise, can lead to serious problems. It is also necessary to normalize hormonal levels in the event of the development of fibroids, polycystic disease, polyps and other diseases, to prevent their degeneration into malignant formations.

Folk methods for normalizing hormonal levels in women

Traditional healers recommend such herbs that normalize hormonal background like calendula, nettle and red clover. The use of these components in the compositions of the preparations allows you to restore hormonal levels.
To ease well-being during menopause, infusions of lily of the valley, St. John's wort, sage, mint, and lemon balm are recommended.
Correction of hormonal levels is possible with the help of acupuncture, aromatherapy and acupressure.
According to the advice of lithotherapists (specialists in stone treatment), jewelry made from stones considered “feminine”: hematite, beryl, andradite will help normalize hormonal levels.

These methods require regular implementation over a long period of time.

Features of hormonal levels in men

Most often, the question of studying hormonal levels in men arises when receiving an unsatisfactory spermogram result, or when it is necessary to determine the ability to conceive. In this regard, the following hormones are determined:
1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) - activates Sertoli cells (causes the growth of seminiferous tubules), increases testosterone production, promoting sperm maturation. Increased level FSH may indicate diseases such as alcoholism, inflammation of the testicle (orchitis), renal failure, pituitary tumor, insufficient function of the gonads. Additionally, high FSH levels may occur after taking certain medicines, exposure to x-ray radiation. A decrease in FSH levels is observed after surgical intervention, with obesity, decreased function of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, fasting, after taking certain drugs (anabolic steroids, etc.).
2. Luteinizing hormone (LH) provokes the formation of testosterone by Leydig cells, increases the permeability of the seminiferous tubules to testosterone. High level this hormone may be a sign of both a pituitary tumor and renal failure, and as a result of stress, starvation, sports training. A decrease in LH is observed with genetic abnormalities, smoking, obesity, stress conditions, nervous exhaustion, decreased function of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus.
3. Testosterone produced in the testes and adrenal cortex, affects the formation of secondary sexual characteristics, development muscle mass and skeleton, has an activating effect on sexual function ( sexual desire, potency), stimulates sperm production, regulates the activity of the sebaceous glands and bone marrow. There are noticeable daily fluctuations in testosterone levels: more high content in the morning with a tendency to decrease in the evening. A high level may indicate hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex, and in boys, premature puberty. Low level testosterone is characteristic of Down syndrome, chronic prostatitis, renal failure, and obesity. Deviations from the norm may occur after taking certain medications.
4. Prolactin participates in the regulation of water-salt metabolism, promotes the production of testosterone, the formation and development of sperm. A normal increase in prolactin is observed during sleep, sexual intercourse, and physical activity. A pathological increase in hormone levels is observed in hypothyroidism, cirrhosis, autoimmune diseases(rheumatoid arthritis, etc.), lack of vitamin B 6, etc. Hyperprolactinemia ( constant increase prolactin) is one of the significant reasons male infertility. A decrease in prolactin levels is the result of taking a number of medications ( anticonvulsants, morphine, etc.), failure or apoplexy of the pituitary gland.
5. Estradiol– one of the female sex hormones of the estrogen class. It is formed in the testes and in the adrenal cortex, but the main part of this hormone is synthesized from testosterone in peripheral tissues. As a result, an increase in subcutaneous fat (obesity) leads to an increase in the conversion of testosterone to estradiol. Estradiol exhibits anabolic activity, accelerates bone growth, delays the removal of sodium and water from the body, lowers cholesterol levels, but at the same time can increase irritability and nervous tension. An increase in estradiol content is characteristic of some testicular tumors, cirrhosis, medical supplies (anabolic steroid, cimetidine, troleandomycin, etc.). A decrease in estradiol levels is observed with weight loss, a diet low in fat and high in carbohydrates, in vegetarians, smoking, hypogonadism (underdevelopment of the gonads), chronic prostatitis and other diseases. The decrease may also be due to the use of chemotherapy drugs, aminoglutethimide and other drugs.
6. Analysis on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in men it is used in the diagnosis of testicular tumors.

Hormonal imbalance in men caused by age-related changes, causes a number of problems:

decreased performance;
increased blood pressure;
deterioration of the cardiovascular and circulatory system;
development of diabetes mellitus;
increased bone fragility, etc.

Diagnosis of disorders and treatment of hormonal imbalances in men are similar to those in women. A specific requirement is the need to determine the level of prolactin and gonadotropins when a decrease in testosterone levels is detected. Treatment regimens and replacement therapy are selected strictly individually.

How to improve hormonal levels with food?

Including foods such as fish (a source of omega-polyunsaturated acids), soy products, berries (a source of phytoestrogens), cabbage, and spinach in the diet helps improve hormonal levels. Sunflower seeds, nuts, pomegranates, dates can compensate for estrogen deficiency. If you have a lack of progesterone, you can eat wild yam (Dioscorea, Chinese root, Atlantic yam, Mexican yam).

Is there a way to prevent hormonal disorders?

The human body is a single system in which even the slightest deviation in the content of one hormone from the norm can lead to disruption of the entire hormonal balance and cause serious changes in well-being. Therefore, it is very important to promptly seek advice from a specialist (and perhaps more than one) in order to avoid serious consequences. Self-medication in this case is unacceptable! Like any disease, hormonal disorders Sometimes it is easier to prevent than to treat: follow a diet and sleep regime, avoid stressful situations, treat concomitant diseases in a timely manner, and so on.

Anyway the best prevention hormonal disorders are love and happiness!

The influence of nutrition on hormonal levels - video

Before use, you should consult a specialist.

Hormonal imbalance in women is a common condition, similar in its manifestations to stress. Usually the concept of “hormonal imbalance” is associated with adolescence or menopause, but female body susceptible to hormones at any age. 80% of girls and women suffer from hormonal problems at one point or another in your life.

Hormones regulate the functioning of other body systems. A minor glitch can make a woman feel bad and actually lead to long-term health problems. Many factors influence the production and functioning of hormones. One of the reasons for the disorder may be age. Pregnancy, a woman's menstrual cycle, thyroid problems or diabetes also greatly affect the endocrine system. Even more often, medications, especially birth control pills, can upset the delicate balance in the body.

Some women are genetically predisposed to hormonal imbalances; in others, the culprit is unpleasant symptoms becomes a way of life. Poor sleep, lack of sleep physical exercise and poor diet (including consuming too many calories) gradually begin to affect your health. In addition, stress can have a very detrimental effect on the endocrine system and the body as a whole.

When the body regularly does not receive essential nutrients, it is more than likely that a woman will experience one or more symptoms associated with hormonal imbalance, For example:

menstrual irregularities,
(PCOS),
insulin resistance,
lack of progesterone,
androgen imbalance.

The ratio of estrogen, progesterone and testosterone is especially important for the normal hormonal balance of a woman. Levels of thyroid hormones, insulin, and cortisol also play a role.

HORMONAL DISTURBANCE IN WOMEN: SYMPTOMS

Hormonal imbalance in women usually manifests itself as irregular periods or heavy bleeding. Sharp changes in mood at certain times each month are another sign of fluctuating hormone levels; this may include premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Additionally, anxiety, loss of appetite, insomnia, poor concentration along with sudden weight gain, decreased desire, hot flashes and excessive sweating may be symptoms of hormonal imbalance in women. Be sure to talk to your doctor if you have any of these signs.

Hormonal imbalance in women: symptoms

Irregular or absent periods

Changes in menstrual cycle signal a disruption of the hormonal activity that controls menstruation. Often the cause is an imbalance between estrogen and progesterone, including due to.

Weight gain

Sudden weight changes, a sudden decrease in body weight, or, conversely, an increase in weight, making it difficult to lose weight, may indicate hormonal imbalance or problems with the thyroid gland. Changes in body shape and figure can be caused by endocrine disorders and disorders of the adrenal glands. Changes in hormone production during menopause can also contribute to the deposition of fat in the abdominal area. This can happen even if the woman has never had weight problems before. High levels of stress and bad dream make it harder to lose fat around your waist.

Irritability and/or moodiness

Feeling depressed, aggressive, abrupt change mood or constant fatigue may be caused sudden changes balance of estrogen, testosterone and progesterone or imbalance of adrenal hormones.

Skin problems

Natural remedies

For minor symptoms, when the disorder is not caused by severe disorder, congenital or hereditary disease, vitamins and herbal supplements can restore disrupted hormonal levels. Thus, increased prolactin is treated with herbs, decreased sensitivity to insulin - vitamin D, chromium, magnesium and cinnamon, reduces testosterone and increases estrogens flax and mint; for PMS, B vitamins, ginkgo biloba and rhodiola are recommended, and during menopause - vitamin B6, ascorbic acid, primrose and angelica.

Larisa Bavykina

Usually, the hormonal background is understood as a combination of hormones and the coordinated work of the entire endocrine system of the body. However, there is no such concept in medical terminology, and if you ever pick up a textbook on endocrinology (the science of endocrine glands and hormones), you will not find this phrase either in the table of contents or in the list of terms.

How does the endocrine system work?

Hormones are produced by endocrine glands (endocrine glands). The name of the glands is related to their structure - they do not have ducts, such as salivary or sweat glands, and release hormones directly into the blood. There are five endocrine glands in total, and if you count paired ones, then seven: the thyroid and pancreas, two adrenal glands, paired gonads and the pituitary gland (main endocrine gland, which controls the work of the others).

The pancreas synthesizes the hormone insulin and is responsible for maintaining normal level blood glucose.
The adrenal glands produce cortisol and adrenaline and help adapt to any stress.
The gonads are responsible for testosterone in men and estrogen in women.
Thyroid secretes the hormones T3 and T4 - they consist of the protein thyroglobulin and iodine. The number “3” means that thyroglobulin “holds” three iodine ions, and “4” means four ions. The thyroid gland is responsible for all metabolic processes in the body, general well-being, immunity, mood, breathing, sleep, heartbeat, as well as normal mental and physical development. In addition, it takes part in water-salt metabolism, vitamin synthesis and controls weight, blood cholesterol levels and the functioning of the reproductive system.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is mistakenly considered a thyroid hormone, but TSH is a pituitary hormone (through which the pituitary gland controls the functioning of the thyroid gland). With the help of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the pituitary gland controls the adrenal glands, and thanks to LH and FSH (luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone) - the gonads.
The agents of the pituitary gland are also growth hormone, prolactin and vasopressin - the latter is responsible for the amount of fluid drunk and excreted.

There are three main periods in a woman’s life associated with changes in hormone levels: the first menstruation (menarche), reproductive period and pregnancy and last menstruation (menopause). During pregnancy, it is important to pay attention to the level of TSH - the hormone that controls the thyroid gland - and remember to get an additional 250 micrograms of iodine. The thyroid gland also plays a big role in the development of the fetus and even determines its future intelligence. But during menopause a woman naturally loses estrogen - the female sex hormone, which is responsible for bone strength. In its absence, risks increase cardiovascular diseases. At this age, it is necessary to contact an endocrinologist to begin prevention. possible diseases and, if necessary, their treatment.

Diseases of the endocrine system and their prevention

Changes in hormonal levels are serious illness, which is quite difficult to miss. If you are healthy, your hormonal levels are naturally balanced. But if you have excess weight, you are at risk. This condition goes beyond the norm and can be accompanied first by an increase in insulin production, and then by an increase in “sugar” in the blood, which, in turn, can lead to the development of diabetes mellitus. It is important to understand that diabetes Type 2 is a consequence of excess body weight. It should not be confused with type 1 diabetes, which is most often diagnosed in children and which is also called “skinny diabetes” - it appears because the body does not produce insulin at all and must be administered independently.

Signs endocrine diseases often nonspecific: weakness, high fatigue, dry skin, hair loss. However, any resident of a metropolis can complain of similar symptoms. Therefore, if you put a “plus” next to most of the points, then it is best to contact an endocrinologist. If this is a disease of the thyroid gland, then the situation can be easily corrected.

Diseases of the endocrine system can be associated with the absence of menstruation, the inability to become pregnant, and even the release of colostrum from the mammary gland outside of the breast. pregnancy and lactation. People who suddenly become tanned and maintain a tan almost throughout the year should also consult an endocrinologist. Year-round tanning may be a sign of adrenal disease.

It is interesting that menopause inevitably occurs in all women, but andropause occurs only in 2% of men. However, due to certain reasons, such as overweight or a waist circumference of more than 110 centimeters, almost 30% of men have problems with testosterone levels. Heart attacks before the age of 50 occur more often in men, but after 50, women begin to rapidly overtake them. Of course, this is due to the onset of menopause. But now this is not a death sentence: in the absence of contraindications, you can receive menopausal replacement therapy, which will reduce the risks of both heart attacks and hip fractures. Men also have a similar opportunity - they are prescribed testosterone to maintain a youthful heart and good spirits.

Exist various ways prevention of endocrine pathologies. Firstly, since there really is not enough in our food (unless, of course, you are a resident of Vladivostok), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Russian Association of Endocrinologists (RAE) strongly recommend consuming only iodized. You've probably heard that seaweed and seafood are also sources of iodine, but if you want to ensure a constant supply of this trace element to your body, then simply replace regular salt iodized. The exception is nursing and pregnant women, as well as children - they must receive additional iodine ( The dose of iodine for pregnant and breastfeeding women is 250 micrograms each day, and the dose for children varies depending on age - it is best to discuss this with your doctor). Secondly, a feature of our country (most of it) is the lack of solar radiation and, as a consequence, . It should be taken from autumn to spring, and if using sunscreen - all year round. Your doctor will tell you in what form and quantity you need to take the vitamin.

Obesity and diabetes have been called the epidemic of the 21st century, so don’t forget the main thing: the best remedy prevention is a balanced diet and physical activity.