UNESCO city. Russian World Natural Heritage Sites

There are many beautiful buildings, natural phenomena and other unique objects in the world that delight people. And the task of each generation is to preserve this wealth and pass it on to descendants. The most valuable attractions are included in a special list.

About World Heritage Sites

It’s scary to think that descendants won’t see, for example, the Acropolis or Meanwhile, this could happen, if not in the near future, then in a few generations. That is why one of the primary tasks of humanity is to preserve and increase the cultural and natural wealth of the planet.

For this purpose, a special list was created, which includes World Heritage sites located in various countries and regions. There are many of them, they are diverse, and each is unique in its own way.

General information about the list

The idea of ​​a list of the world's most valuable sites was first implemented in 1978, after the UN Convention was adopted six years earlier, declaring a shared responsibility for the preservation of the most significant cultural and natural monuments.

At the end of 2014, the list contained 1007 items. The top ten countries for the number of World Heritage sites are Italy, China, Spain, France, Germany, Mexico, India, Great Britain, Russia and the USA. In total, there are 359 items included in the list on their territory.

There are a number of criteria according to which the list is expanded. They include the uniqueness or exclusivity of a particular place or building from different points of view: its inhabitants, construction, evidence of an important stage in the development of civilizations, etc. Therefore, sometimes you can find objects on the list that are quite unexpected for someone.

Categories and examples

The entire diversity of the World Heritage is divided into three conditional groups: cultural, natural and cultural-natural. The first category is the most numerous, it includes 779 items, for example, the building of the Opera House in Sydney. The second group contains 197 objects, including Belovezhskaya Pushcha and the Grand Canyon. The last category is the smallest - only 31 monuments, but they combine both natural beauty and human intervention: Machu Picchu, Meteora monasteries, etc.

For some reason, people are accustomed to primarily admiring buildings and creations of their own efforts, forgetting about natural beauties. But in vain, because in fact this is also a World Cultural Heritage.

In Russia

On the territory of the Russian Federation there are 26 monuments included in the UNESCO list. Of these, 15 are classified as cultural, and the remaining 11 are natural. They are located throughout the country and include truly unique UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Russia.

For the first time, the Russian Federation added to the list of countries on whose territory there are monuments to human and natural genius in 1990, when the list was also replenished with the Kizhi Pogost and the historical center of St. Petersburg. Subsequently, the World Heritage of Russia was regularly replenished and continues to expand. The list includes nature reserves, monasteries, geological monuments and many other objects. Thus, in 2014, the historical and archaeological complex “Bulgar”, which is located in Tatarstan, was included in the Russian World Heritage List.

Full list

Russia's World Heritage sites are mostly known to many citizens. But someone will also find unfamiliar points that they might want to visit, so it’s better to give a complete list:

  • historical center and monuments of St. Petersburg;
  • Kremlin and Red Square in Moscow;
  • Kizhi Pogost;
  • Veliky Novgorod and its surroundings;
  • white monuments of Suzdal and Vladimir;
  • Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye;
  • Trinity-Sergius Lavra;
  • Komi forests;
  • Lake Baikal;
  • Kamchatka volcanoes;
  • Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve;
  • golden Altai Mountains;
  • basin of Lake Uvs-Nur;
  • Western Caucasus;
  • Kazan Kremlin;
  • Ferapontov Monastery;
  • Curonian Spit;
  • old city of Derbent;
  • Wrangel Island;
  • Novodevichy Convent;
  • historical center of Yaroslavl;
  • Struve arc;
  • Putorana plateau;
  • Lena Pillars;
  • complex "Bulgar".

Another point is related to the political events of 2014 - the ancient city of Chersonesus is located on the Crimean Peninsula, which is also included in the World Cultural Heritage. Russia actually has something to strive for, because there are many more unique objects located on the territory of the country, and each of them may eventually be included in the UNESCO list. In the meantime, it’s still worth learning more about those monuments that are already on this list. It’s not for nothing that they were included there, is it?

Natural

Russia is a huge country, the largest on the planet in terms of territory. 9 time zones, 4 climates and a huge number of different zones. It is not surprising that the World Natural Heritage of Russia is quite numerous and diverse - 11 objects. There are huge forests, clean and deep lakes, and natural phenomena of amazing beauty here.

  • Virgin forests of Komi. Considered to be the largest intact forests in Europe. Included in the World Heritage of Russia in 1995. Many species of rare representatives of flora and fauna grow and live on their territory.
  • Lake Baikal. Is the deepest on the planet. Entered the list in 1996. Many species living in the lake are endemic.
  • Volcanoes of the Kamchatka Peninsula. They are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Included in the Russian World Heritage Sites in 1996.
  • Altai. On the list since 1998. Include habitats of rare representatives of flora and fauna.
  • Caucasian Nature Reserve. Located in three constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia and Adygea. On the list since 1999.
  • Central Sikhote-Alin. A nature reserve located in the Primorsky Territory. Many rare species of animals live on its territory. Entered the UNESCO list in 2001.
  • Curonian Spit. This unique object is a sand body stretching across the Baltic Sea for almost 100 kilometers. On the territory of the spit there are a large number of interesting places, for example the famous “Dancing Forest”; the seasonal migration route of many birds also lies through it. Included in the list in 2000.
  • Uvsu-Nur basin. Located on the border of the Russian Federation and Mongolia. The basin was listed in 2003 according to the criteria of international scientific significance and conservation of biological and landscape diversity.
  • Wrangel Island. Divided almost equally between the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Most of its territory is occupied by mountains. Rare plants grow here, which was also the reason why the site was included in the UNESCO list in 2004 under number 1023.
  • It was listed as a World Heritage Site in 2010. It is home to the migratory routes of large populations of reindeer and hosts a unique combination of ecosystems.
  • Lena pillars. At the moment, it is the last World Natural Heritage site in Russia. Was included in the list in 2012. In addition to its aesthetic importance, this object is valuable for the uniqueness of the geological processes occurring here.

Man-made

Objects of the World Cultural Heritage of Russia, of course, include not only natural monuments, but the results of human labor.

  • Historical center of St. Petersburg. Red Square and the Kremlin in Moscow. The hearts of both capitals were included in the list at the same time - in 1990 - and according to four criteria at once.
  • Kizhi. This unique ensemble of wooden buildings was included in the UNESCO list in 1990. This true wonder of the world not only demonstrates the genius of humanity, but also is in amazing harmony with the surrounding nature.
  • In 1992, UNESCO added 3 more attractions to its list: monuments of Novgorod, Suzdal and Vladimir, as well as
  • The Trinity-Sergius Lavra and the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye, included in the list respectively in 1993 and 1994, are known to everyone for their beauty - many residents of Moscow and the Moscow region regularly visit there.
  • in the Vologda region entered the list in 2000, as did
  • Monuments of the city of Derbent in Dagestan - 2003.
  • in Moscow - 2004.
  • Historical center of Yaroslavl - 2005.
  • (2 points), which helped establish the shape, size and some other parameters of the planet - 2005.
  • Architectural and historical complex Bulgar - 2014.

As you can see, the World Cultural Heritage sites of Russia are mostly concentrated in the European part, which is determined by the peculiarities of the development of the territory.

Contenders

The list of Russia's World Heritage Sites may expand significantly in the coming years. The Government of the Russian Federation regularly offers the UN new applicants, unique and beautiful in their own way. There are now 24 more sites that can be included in the main UNESCO list.

Threat of extinction

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to preserve World Heritage. Russia, fortunately, is not yet in danger of this; all of its monuments included in the list are in relative safety. UNESCO regularly edits and publishes a special list that includes unique sites that are in danger. Now it consists of 38 points. Natural and cultural monuments fall into this “alarming” list for various reasons: poaching, deforestation, construction and reconstruction projects that violate the historical appearance, climate change, etc. Moreover, the worst enemy of World Heritage is time, which is impossible win. And yet, from time to time, monuments are removed from this list, most often due to improvements in the situation. But there are also sad examples when the situation deteriorated so much that objects simply ceased to be included in the World Heritage Site. Russia has nothing to fear yet, although the environmental situation in some parts of the country may affect many natural monuments. And then, perhaps, the “alarming” list will become relevant for the Russian Federation as well.

UNESCO activities

Inclusion in the list is not only and not so much prestige, but also, first of all, increased attention to the safety and condition of certain objects on the part of a larger number of organizations. UNESCO also stimulates the development of eco-tourism and increases people's awareness of the uniqueness of monuments. Among other things, there is a special fund that finances the support of facilities.


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UNESCO World Heritage Sites- places and objects on the planet, in different countries, that are selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in accordance with the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. The Convention is designed to protect and preserve outstanding cultural and natural values ​​that constitute the heritage of all mankind. In order to protect historical objects from destruction, they are included in the general list, which is annually replenished with dozens of places in different parts of the world. Let's take a look at some famous UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Al-Zeituna Mosque, Tunisia

The Great Mosque or Al-Zeitun Mosque, located in the medina of the city of Tunis, is the largest mosque in the country. Although non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the prayer hall, the mosque's courtyard alone is worth a visit. The al-Zeytoun Mosque is designed in a classical style, with arcades, columns and capitals. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1979.

Temple of Hatshepsut, Luxor, Egypt

The mortuary temple of Queen Hatshepsut is located at the foot of the Deir el-Bahri cliffs. This temple is significantly different from many other Egyptian temples. And this is the only sanctuary built in honor of the great female pharaoh.

The temple of Queen Hatshesput is as amazing as the female pharaoh herself. A huge pylon was erected next to this temple, adjacent to which was a 30-meter dam with sphinxes. In front of the temple itself there was an amazing garden of beautiful shrubs and strange trees. Now the temple is visited by more than a million tourists annually. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1959.

Bahai Gardens, Haifa, Israel

The main attraction of Haifa is the Baha'i World Center, surrounded by beautiful gardens spread out on terraces along the slope of Mount Carmel with original fountains and strange trees and plants. The Bahai Gardens in Haifa are one of the most visited places in the entire Mediterranean.

Famous architects worked for 10 years to create this eighth wonder of the world. All work was carried out exclusively by volunteers who came from 90 countries to contribute to the construction.

In the very center of the Bahai Gardens on Mount Carmel, lies the Sanctuary of the Bab. Designed by eminent Canadian architect William Maxwell, the structure of the Sanctuary of the Báb is a combination of Western and Eastern styles: granite columns, Corinthian capitals, and majestic arches. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2008.

Petra, Jordan

The ancient city of Petra is rightfully considered the main attraction of Jordan. The Nabatean city of Petra was founded in these rocks approximately 4 millennia ago. Petra, which served as the capital of the kingdom, gradually acquired enormous influence and unprecedented popularity. The emergence of a city in such an inaccessible place became possible thanks to the ability of the Nabateans to control the flow of water, because in essence Petra is nothing more than an artificial oasis!

Flash floods are common in this area, and the Nabataeans successfully controlled them using dams, cisterns, and aqueducts, which allowed them not only to survive long periods of drought, but also to successfully trade water. Everything would have been fine until the Roman Emperor Trajan came and destroyed the kingdom. No man had set foot here since the 16th century, until in 1812 the Swiss traveler-adventurer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt decided to find a lost city in these lands, about which there were many legends. As a result, the Swiss found the legendary lost city, protected by sands and rocks! Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1985.

Wat Yai Chai Mongkon Temple, Ayutthaya, Thailand

This temple was built in 1357 for a community of monks from the Pa Kaeo Sect and was originally called Wat Phra Chao Phya Tha. The temple was intended for meditation, which King U-Thong also practiced along with the monks. In 1592, in honor of the victory over the Burmese, another king, Naresuan, built a majestic pagoda, after which the temple changed its name and became known as Wat Yai Chai Mongkon.

There is a statue of the Reclining Buddha in yellow saffron robes. In addition to the Reclining Buddha, you can admire the statues of meditating Buddhas, also dressed in saffron robes. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1991.

Chichen Itza, Mexico

The sacred city of the Itza people, known as Chichen Itza, is located 75 miles east of the city of Merida, the capital of Yucatan. Translated from the language of local tribes, this name means “Well of the Itza Tribe.” Archaeologists consider it one of the places of power associated with the Mayan culture. The ancient city occupies an area of ​​about six square miles, where hundreds of buildings were once located, of which only ruins now remain. About three dozen surviving buildings are of great interest to researchers. The most famous structure is the step pyramid of Kukulkan.

It has a square at its base, and its height reaches 23 m. On the days of the spring and autumn equinoxes (March 20 and September 21), at approximately three o'clock in the afternoon, the rays of the sun illuminate the western balustrade of the main staircase of the pyramid in such a way that light and shadow they create an image of seven isosceles triangles, which in turn make up the body of a thirty-seven-meter snake, “creeping” as the sun moves to its own head, carved at the base of the stairs. It is this light show that tourists most often come to. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1988.

Victoria Station (Chhatrapati Shivaji), Mumbai, India

Victoria is the largest railway station in India. The dome of the station building, one of the largest in the world, is visible from afar. Several years ago it was renamed in honor of the King of India - Chhatrapati Shivaji. But people still call him Victoria. The covered platform is 400 meters long. Steel and glass floors support massive columns, their capitals made of iron, some of white sandstone.

Thick walls, voluminous spaces, spacious verandas ensure coolness inside the building. The façade of the building is decorated with protruding bay windows, decorative columns, and figurines of fairy-tale characters. The main function of the dome is to amaze the imagination and serve as a landmark. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2004.

Novodevichy Convent, Moscow, Russia

The Novodevichy Convent, in the southwest of Moscow, in a bend of the Moscow River, was founded in 1524 according to the vow of Grand Duke Vasily III in memory of the capture of Smolensk in 1514. Novodevichy was an important link in the defensive ring of Moscow guardian monasteries. In 1871, at the expense of the Filatievs, a shelter-school for orphans of “ignoble rank” was opened; there were also two almshouses for nuns and novices. By 1917, 51 nuns and 53 novices lived in the monastery.

In 1922 the monastery was closed, and the “Museum of the Emancipation of Women” was created there. By 1926 it was transformed into a historical, everyday life and art museum, and since 1934 a branch of the Historical Museum. Since 1980, the Novodevichy Convent has been the residence of Metropolitan of Krutitsky and Kolomna. In 1994, a convent was re-established, under the jurisdiction of Metropolitan of Krutitsky and Kolomna. Since 1995, services in the cathedral on patronal holidays have resumed. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2004.

Piazza di Spagna, Rome, Italy

One of the most famous and beautiful squares in Rome is the Piazza di Spagna located in the city center. It received its name due to the fact that in 1620 the Palace of Spain, or Palazzo di Spagna, which housed the embassy of this country, appeared on it.

The Spanish Steps are located in the northern part of Plaza de España. Before her in 1627-1629. The architect Pietro Bernini built the Barcaccia Fountain in the form of a half-sunken boat. The steps of the Spanish Steps lead to the Trinita dei Monti church, which dominates the square. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1959.

Wadi Rum Desert, Jordan

Wadi Rum is one of the main attractions of Jordan along with the city of Petra. This is an example of an extraordinary sandy landscape, consisting of an almost perfectly smooth surface of pink-golden sand and multi-colored sandstone hills rising above it all. Peace and quiet reign here, only isolated, lonely settlements occasionally disturb the desert with their presence.

In the desert there are the remains of the ruins of an ancient Nabatean temple. Also in the vast expanses of Wadi Rum there are protected areas for the breeding of Beisa antelopes, which are monitored by members of the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2011.

Perito Moreno Glacier, Patagonia, Argentina

Perito Moreno is a glacier located in the Los Glaciares National Park, in the southeast of the Argentine province of Santa Cruz. The glacier is 78 km away. from the village of El Calafate. This enormous accumulation of ice was named after explorer Francisco Moreno, who first explored the region in the 19th century.

Perito Moreno has an area of ​​250 km² and is one of 48 glaciers fed by the southern part of the Patagonian Glacier. This natural phenomenon is the third largest source of fresh water in the world. Unfortunately, from year to year the glacier collapses and loses its value. There is a specific charity that accepts donations in order to maintain the viability of the glacier. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1981.

Emblem of the World Heritage project World Heritage (English World Heritage, French Patrimoine Mondial, Spanish Patrimonio Mundial) outstanding cultural and natural values ​​that constitute the heritage of all humanity. In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention... ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Heritage. Emblem of the World Heritage project World Heritage ... Wikipedia

There are 27 sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List in India (as of 2008). Contents 1 List 2 Candidates for inclusion in the World Heritage List ... Wikipedia

Outstanding natural and cultural values ​​that constitute the heritage of all mankind. In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, to which most countries of the world acceded. States on... ... Financial Dictionary

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Outstanding cultural and natural values ​​that constitute the heritage of all humanity. In November 1972, the UNESCO General Conference adopted the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (came into force in 1975, when... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

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  • World Heritage of Russia. Book 1. Architecture, Alla Sirotkina. The book tells about the cultural monuments of Russia included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Their description and history are given. Each object is represented by at least 25-30 photographs,…
  • World Heritage of Russia. Book 2. Nature. Photo album, Sirotkina A.. The books tell about the cultural and natural monuments of Russia included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The first volume - 14 architectural objects, the second volume - 12 natural objects. They are given...

During the 37th session of the World Heritage Committee, taking place these days in Cambodia, the UNESCO World Heritage List was replenished with 19 new items - 14 cultural and 5 natural sites. In addition, the boundaries of the three objects were expanded.

Today, the World Heritage List includes 981 sites in 160 countries party to the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage - 759 cultural, 193 natural and 29 mixed sites. During the 37th session, which will last until June 27, 5 natural sites in Europe, Asia, South America and Africa were added to the list.

Natural objects:

Tajik National Park "Pamir Mountains" (Tajikistan)

“Pamir Mountains” is the first natural site of Tajikistan on the World Heritage List. The total area of ​​the park is more than 2.5 million hectares. It is located in the east of Tajikistan, in the center of the so-called Pamir mountain cluster, from which the highest mountain ranges of Eurasia radiate. In the eastern part of the object there are high mountain plateaus, and in the western part there are pointed peaks, the height of some of them exceeds 7 thousand meters. There are 170 rivers, more than 400 lakes and at least 1,085 glaciers, including the longest mountain valley glacier outside the polar regions. The park also serves as a habitat for rare and endangered species of birds and mammals in Tajikistan.

For example, the Marco Polo mountain sheep (Ovis ammon polii), snow leopard, snow leopard and Siberian mountain goat live here. Since strong earthquakes are common in this area, the park is sparsely populated and is practically uninfluenced by agriculture and permanent settlements. The park provides unique opportunities for research into the overlap and tectonics of crustal plates.

Biosphere Reserve El Pinacate and Gran Desierto de Altar (Mexico)


The facility, with a total area of ​​714,566 hectares, consists of two separate parts. To the east there is a rocky desert and a frozen volcanic plateau formed by black and red lava flows, to the west is the Gran Desierto de Altar desert with a variety of dunes that constantly change in shape, some of which reach 200 m in height. The wandering dunes of various shapes here - linear, star-shaped and dome-shaped - are adjacent to dry granite massifs up to 650 m high, which, like islands, rise against the backdrop of a sandy sea, enhancing the amazing contrasts of this area. The massifs contain amazingly diverse communities of plants and animals, including some endemic species, such as the pronghorn Antilocapra americana sonoriensis, which lives only in the north of the Sonoran Desert and southwest Arizona, USA.

Another distinctive feature of the object, emphasizing its exceptional beauty, are 10 huge deep craters of almost perfectly round shape, presumably formed as a result of eruptions and collapses. The unique combination of characteristics of the object determines not only its beauty, but is also of great scientific interest.



Volcano Etna (Italy)

The 19,237-hectare site comprises an uninhabited area located at the highest point of Mount Etna on the east coast of Sicily. Etna is the highest island mountain in the Mediterranean and the most active stratovolcano in the world. It has been established that the history of eruptions of this volcano goes back 500 thousand years, and there is documentary evidence of Etna’s volcanic activity for at least the last 2700 years. Etna's almost continuous volcanic activity continues to influence the development of volcanology, geophysics and other geosciences. The volcano provides the basis for important terrestrial ecosystems and some endemic plant and animal species.

Etna's activity has made it a natural laboratory for the study of ecological and biological processes. With a range of diverse and visible volcanic features, such as summit craters, ash cones, lava sheets and a caldera known as the Valle de Bove, the site has become an important location for research and educational activities.


Namib Desert (Namibia)

The property, which is the world's only coastal desert, includes an area of ​​more than 3 million hectares and a buffer zone of 899,500 hectares. There are extensive dune fields formed under the influence of fogs, and two dune systems stand out: on top of older, semi-fixed sands, there are younger mobile dunes. The peculiarity of the object is that its dunes are formed by sands brought by rivers, ocean currents and wind from areas remote from the coast, located thousands of kilometers away.

The site also contains coastal lowlands and pebble fields, rocky hills rising above the sands, coastal lagoons, dry rivers and other types of landscape, together creating an exceptionally beautiful spectacle. The main source of water in the Namib Desert is fog, which has created a completely unique environment in which endemic species of invertebrates, reptiles and mammals live, capable of adapting to constant changes in microclimate and ecological niches.



Xinjiang–Tianshan (China)

The object with a total area of ​​606,833 hectares includes several parts: the Tomur peak (Victory Peak), the Kalajun steppe, the Xueling ridge, the Bayanbruksky reserve and Bogdo-Ula. They are part of the world's largest mountain system, the Tien Shan, located in Central Asia. Xinjiang - Tien Shan has unique physical and geographical characteristics and is distinguished by picturesque landscapes, including amazing mountain peaks crowned with snow and ice, forests and meadows that have not been touched by human hands, clear rivers and lakes, and red rock canyons. Next to them are vast desert areas, which creates a striking visual contrast between zones of heat and cold, dry and humid climates, desert and abundance of life.

The relief and ecosystems of the site have reached us since the Pliocene era and represent a unique monument of continuous biological and ecological evolutionary processes. The site also includes part of one of the largest high-altitude deserts in the world, the Taklamakan, known for its giant sand dunes and severe sandstorms. In addition, Xinjiang Tianshan serves as an important habitat for endemic and relict plant species, some of which are rare and endangered.



In Russia, many monuments and cultural heritages are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Now we will introduce you to some of them.

All these monuments and places are under strict protection of the UN, UNESCO and a number of other organizations related to culture, science and education.

Moscow Kremlin and Red Square

Any resident of Russia knows what the Kremlin and Red Square are. Any tourist and resident of our vast homeland, the first thing they do when they come to Moscow is to visit these memorable places. UNESCO took these sites under protection in 1990.

This monument reflects the entire centuries-old history of Moscow and Russia in general. Also on the territory of the Kremlin there are unique objects of Russian foundry art: the Tsar Bell, which weighs more than 200 tons and has a diameter of 6.6 m, and the Tsar Cannon with its mass of 40 tons.

Lake Baikal


A unique natural monument of Eastern Siberia, Baikal was included in the UNESCO heritage list in 1996. The lake is the deepest in the world and contains 19% of the planet's fresh water. When viewed from above, the lake resembles a crescent moon, covers an area of ​​over 3 million hectares and is fed by more than 300 rivers and streams.

Lake Baikal is one of the most picturesque

The water in the lake has a high oxygen content, and thanks to its transparency, it is possible to discern a depth of up to 40 m. The age of the ancient lake is especially impressive - more than 25 million years, the complete isolation of which contributed to the development of a unique ecosystem in it.

Natural Park "Lena Pillars"


Included in the UNESCO National Heritage List in 2012, the Lena Pillars Park is the site where priceless finds from the inhabitants of the Cambrian period were discovered. The park is located in the center of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) near the coast of the Lena River, occupying 1.27 million hectares.

"Lena Pillars" - a unique natural monument

The park is home to 12 species of fauna listed in the Red Book. Due to its antiquity, the park is of particular geological interest: the natural monument is distinguished by its relief dotted with caves, stone spiers, towers and niches.

Architectural ensemble of the Kizhi Pogost


The unique architectural complex of wooden architecture of the 18th-19th centuries was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990 and is an ensemble of two wooden churches and a bell tower in Karelia.

Kizhi Pogost is the embodiment of Russian architecture

The Kizhi State Historical and Architectural Museum is located here, with many objects of wooden religious architecture, including an eight-wing windmill from 1929 and the Church of the Transfiguration, built without a single nail.

Novgorod historical monuments


The architectural complexes of Veliky Novgorod and its environs were included in the UNESCO National Heritage List in 1992. The number of cultural sites includes such significant Orthodox buildings of antiquity as the Znamensky, Antoniev, Yuryev, Zverin monasteries, as well as the churches of the Nativity of Christ, the Savior on Nereditsa, and the Novgorod Detinets Kremlin.

Monuments of Veliky Novgorod - a UNESCO heritage site

Nature Reserve Wrangel Island


The reserve was included in the UNESCO list in 2004. The unique protected area is known for its virtually untouched natural ecosystem dominated by the largest population of polar bears, walruses, and more than 50 species of birds.

Wrangel Island is famous for its untouched ecosystem

The territory of the reserve is located beyond the Arctic Circle, including Wrangel and Herald Islands and the waters of the Chukchi and East Siberian seas. Despite the harsh conditions of Arctic waters, more than 400 plant species predominate.

Curonian Spit


The famous sand spit stretches for 98 km with a maximum width of up to 3.8 km, located on the dividing line of the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon. The natural attraction was included in the UNESCO heritage list in 2000 and is interesting for its unique anthropogenic landscape, which is represented by a variety of reliefs - from deserts to swampy tundras.

The Curonian Spit serves as a resting place for migratory birds

The spit is of great importance during the migration of 10 to 20 million birds and serves as a haven for them during rest. Only here you can find dunes up to 68 m in height, the width of which sometimes reaches 1 km.

Novodevichy Convent in Moscow


Since 2004, the monastery has been included in the UNESCO list, which since 1524 has been one of the defensive structures of Moscow. In 1926, a historical museum was founded on the site of the monastery, and in 1980, the residence of the Metropolitan of Krutitsky and Kolomensky was located. In 1994, the convent was officially approved.

Previously, the Novodevichy Convent housed a historical museum.

Komi forest



Recognized as the most pristine forests in Europe with a total area of ​​32,600 square meters. km, which belong to the territory of the Pechero-Ilychsky Nature Reserve and occupy part of the YugydVa National Park.

The Komi forest area is famous for its virgin forests

Protected by UNESCO since 1995. The forests are distinguished by the diversity of flora and fauna, with many plant species on the verge of extinction and listed in the Red Book.

Kamchatka volcanoes


The volcanoes of Kamchatka are considered part of the planet's Pacific volcanic ring of fire and have been protected by UNESCO since 1996. The surrounding landscapes with unique nature and biological diversity are especially impressive.

The number of volcanoes in Kamchatka totals more than a thousand