How can you stop a nosebleed? Blood from the nose, how to leave it and cure it forever

Nosebleeds are divided into two types: anterior and posterior. The first option occurs when the small capillaries from the Kisselbach zone are damaged. The reason for the second is a burst large vessel located in the middle or posterior part of the nose. Anterior bleeding is not dangerous and can be stopped at home. A person with the second type needs the help of a specialist and, possibly, surgery.

Correct position

A patient with burst nasal capillaries is seated on a chair or armchair. Loss of even 100–200 ml of blood is accompanied by dizziness and disorientation. The victim may lose consciousness and fall, injuring his head.

If the cause of burst capillaries is sunstroke, the person is carried into the shadows. If there is no furniture, the patient is seated on the ground with his back against a wall or tree. The head is tilted down, pressing the chin to the chest so that the blood flows freely from the nasal cavity. Under lower jaw Place a clean towel or napkin so as not to stain your clothes.

Have the blood vessels burst due to severe mechanical trauma, and the victim cannot stand or sit? The patient is placed on the bed, raising his head above the rest of the body. Turn on its side and place a large pillow or blanket rolled up.

In patients who have their head thrown back while sitting or supine position, blood flows into the esophagus. Liquid enters the trachea, making it difficult to breathe, and irritates the stomach, causing nausea. The load on cardiovascular system, blood pressure increases. This position does not help stop the bleeding, but only worsens the patient’s well-being. A patient who begins to vomit may suffocate.

How to help

A person with a nosebleed needs to be reassured, especially if it starts unexpectedly. The heartbeat accelerates due to excitement and fear. The body loses more blood than in a calm state.

It is necessary for the damaged vessels to narrow, so something cold is applied to the bridge of the nose and the back of the head. Pieces of ice wrapped in a plastic bag and a terry towel, frozen meat or fish fillets are suitable.

The feet are placed in a basin with warm water or apply a heating pad to your feet. Blood from the head rushes to the lower part of the body, and blood clots form in small vessels located in the Kisselbach zone. In 70–80% of cases, this is enough to eliminate the problem and normalize the patient’s well-being.

In case of emergency

The nosebleed started on the street, and there is no ice and warm heating pad? First, the patient must sit on a bench or ground. He is then advised to blow his nose to clear the passages of accumulated red fluid and mucus, and close one or both nostrils for 4-10 minutes. Breathe through your mouth at this time.

If small capillaries are damaged, small blood clots will close them. After stopping the bleeding, you need to rest, and to prevent it from opening again, you should not get up suddenly. Wash away the red marks clean water, but do not touch the crust that has formed inside the nose for at least 12 hours.

Medications

• Otrivin;
• Tizin;
• Sulfacyl sodium;
• Sanorin;
• Galazolin;
• Farmazolin;
• Xylene.

The drug is administered into both nostrils, 5-6 drops. The patient blows his nose, clearing the passages of accumulated blood, then instills the product. Do not throw your head back, but simply press the wings against the cartilage with your index and thumb.

At heavy discharge drops impregnate tampons made of sterile cotton wool wrapped in a layer of gauze, and then insert into nasal cavity, pushing as deep as possible. The victim is offered to eat ice cream or hold a piece of ice in his mouth. Cold causes blood vessels to constrict and enhances the effect of the drops.

Traditional methods

Patients with fragile blood vessels or chronic sinusitis, due to which nosebleeds periodically occur, it is recommended to keep decoctions of medicinal herbs. Helpful:

• rose hip;
• thyme;
• bearberry;
• peppermint;
• motherwort;
• chamomile;
• barberry;
• Highlander.

Comfrey has hemostatic properties, but the plant should not be mixed with linden, otherwise the decoction will have the opposite effect. Cool water infusion wash the nasal cavity or soak cotton swabs in the herbal preparation.

Instead of nasal drops, use freshly squeezed juices from the leaves:

• nettle;
• plantain;
• yarrow.

Front nose bleed with scanty discharge Beetroot or viburnum juice will stop, as well as lemon and currant juice. It's being diluted boiled water and administered using a clean syringe. The product is instilled into the nose or soaked in cotton swabs.

Decoctions of yarrow or viburnum bark are recommended to be taken orally, but the drink must be cooled. Warm tea causes blood vessels to dilate, which may increase bleeding.

Patients whose capillaries burst while relaxing in nature are advised to find a plantain and pick a few leaves. The workpiece is washed mineral water, knead until juice appears, and then twist into a tight tube and insert into the nasal passages.

If the capillaries burst not due to mechanical injuries, it is recommended to apply a large onion, cut in half, to the back of the head. Press a small towel soaked in ice water to your forehead.

Important: Do not put it in the nose breast milk. The product does not cauterize injured small vessels, but only curls up and clogs Airways. The product is a source of bacteria, which causes the mucous membrane to become inflamed, causing swelling and purulent discharge.

Solutions and disinfection

Nosebleeds can be quickly treated with peroxide. You will need sterile cotton wool from which to roll a thick swab. Wrap the workpiece in a piece of gauze and dip it in peroxide. When the liquid is absorbed, insert the tampon into the nasal passage.

The product disinfects and cauterizes broken capillaries, so bleeding stops after 3-5 minutes. The main thing is to bend your head down so that the foaming peroxide does not enter the esophagus. Injured vessels are cauterized with a solution of novocaine (1%), chromic or trichloroacetic acid. The drugs are used like peroxide. For light discharge, the product is administered into the nose instead of nasal drops.

Disinfectant solutions with hemostatic properties are prepared from salt: dissolve 20 g of the spice in a glass of chilled boiled water. Stir and rinse your nose with a clean syringe. Then insert thick cotton swabs or press the wings against the septum.

If there is no suitable equipment, the saline solution is “inhaled” and then the nose is pinched for 1–2 minutes. Lower your head so that the product mixed with blood does not flow into the esophagus.

Burst vessels are cauterized with table vinegar. Dissolve a teaspoon of nine percent solution in a glass of water, soak cotton swabs in the acidified liquid and insert into one or both nostrils.

Homemade turundas are soaked in rosehip or sea buckthorn oil if the cause of bleeding is brittle capillaries weakened by chronic sinusitis or sinusitis. The nose is pre-rinsed saline solution or peroxide to disinfect.

You can cauterize broken capillaries with alum. For one part of the product, 3 parts of water. Cotton strands or balls are soaked in the solution.

A motorist has a homeostatic sponge in his first aid kit. A small piece is cut from it and inserted into the nostril. The sterile product does not need to be removed. The sponge stops the bleeding and then dissolves within a few hours.

How to help your child

A baby whose nose bleeds for the first time needs to be calmed down and seated on the sofa with a napkin under his chin. Bend your head down and apply ice or frozen meat to the bridge of your nose. If the bleeding does not stop, insert turundas soaked in peroxide or nasal drops into the nose.

Use saline or vinegar solution not recommended for washing. Parents are advised to unbutton or loosen the collar, bring the child to open window. He should breathe through his nose, not his mouth. Oxygen promotes the formation of blood clots, which will block the burst capillaries, and the bleeding will stop.

If there is heavy discharge, the child is given a spoon calcium chloride(5–10%), glycerophosphate or calcium gluconate. A Vikasol tablet or 60 ml of a weak saline solution taken orally will help. To make the blood vessels narrow, the patient is asked to hold a small piece of ice in his mouth.

If the blood does not clot within 15 minutes, you need to call an ambulance or take the child to the doctor yourself so that a specialist can apply tourniquets. Before doctors arrive, parents should press a rubber heating pad with ice to the bridge of the patient’s nose. Feet need to be steamed in warm water.

Removing tourniquets

The bleeding stopped, but new problem? How to carefully remove cotton swabs so as not to damage the crust in the nose? Soak the turundas with boiled water or peroxide. Scoop the liquid with cupped palms or place it in a flat plate. Apply to cotton swabs and wait until the material absorbs the product.

Wet turundas are carefully separated from the mucous membrane and removed. The nose is washed with a weak saline solution to ease breathing and clear the passages of dried blood particles. Slowly inject 5–10 ml of liquid, tilting your head down. The solution should flow out on its own; blowing your nose is prohibited, otherwise re-bleeding may begin.

You cannot sharply pull out cotton strands that are stuck to the mucous membrane without first wetting them, otherwise ichor or copious red discharge will appear. After removal with a tampon and washing, the mucous membrane is treated ascorbic acid or solutions based on silver nitrate (50%).

Contraindications

A patient who has had a nosebleed is given a glass of mineral or distilled water to restore the fluid balance in the body. It is forbidden to drink black tea, any alcohol, cocoa or coffee for 24–36 hours. Drinks contain caffeine, which increases blood pressure and dilates blood vessels. One cup is enough for the unhealed capillaries to burst a second time, and bleeding begins. Sometimes repeated discharges are more abundant than the first.

Blood loss is stressful for the body, so the patient is advised to lie down for at least 3-4 hours so that the body can rest and recover.

Capillaries and vessels located in the nose burst due to injury, overuse of nasal drops, or chronic diseases, like sinusitis or sinusitis. Regular bleeding indicates serious health problems: leukemia, cirrhosis, benign and malignant formations in the brain. Only a doctor can determine the cause and choose treatment, so do not neglect the consultation of an ENT specialist or therapist.

Video: how to stop nosebleeds

Nosebleeds are quite common. On the nasal mucosa there is a huge amount blood vessels, which can burst from overexertion and minor injury. If you act correctly, bleeding can be stopped very quickly, literally in 5 minutes. But if you make a number of common mistakes, you can only make the situation worse. That is why it is so important to be able to provide first aid to a person with a nosebleed, to know the reasons for the flow of blood from the nose, and also to avoid common mistakes in the process of stopping the bleeding.

Causes of nosebleeds

Sudden nosebleeds can occur in absolutely healthy person, this may be the norm and indicate some malfunctions in the body. However, if nosebleeds flow regularly, you need to look for the cause of this condition and eliminate it. Among the reasons that can cause bleeding are the following.

1. The most common reason nosebleeds – injury or bruise. Moreover, the impact can be insignificant - if the blood vessels are located close to the surface, any touch can cause them to burst.
2. Overheating is also a cause of nosebleeds. This often occurs in the summer at the beach, when a person does not wear a hat in the sun.
3. Any disease in the nasal passage can cause inflammation of the mucous membrane and blood vessels. They become very fragile, which creates a risk of frequent bleeding.
4. Frosty or dry air can also cause nosebleeds.
5. The nose can bleed due to poor blood clotting, platelets, and also while taking aspirin (it is known to thin the blood).
6. Another group of people who experience frequent nasal discharge are hypertensive patients. But in this case, bleeding is the body’s salvation from a stroke. When the blood flows due to high pressure, there is no need to stop it, when a certain amount of blood comes out, the pressure will decrease, the person will feel much better.
7. The nose often bleeds due to a lack of vitamin C.
8. Sometimes nosebleeds occur due to hormonal changes body, this is often observed in pregnant women.
9. Any surgical intervention in the nasal cavity, foreign object, a deviated nasal septum, tumors or polyps in the nasal cavity - all of these can cause sudden bleeding.

If the blood is from nose goes regularly, there is no need to guess and diagnose yourself. Contact your doctor and he will give you the correct diagnosis based on a blood test and a thorough examination. With a similar problem, it is worth contacting a number of specialists - a therapist, an ENT specialist, a hematologist.

Nosebleeds always start suddenly. Many people often get scared, especially if a child is bleeding. In this case, you should not give in to panic; you need to pull yourself together and provide first aid to the patient. This is not difficult to do, even if you do not have a medical education.

1. A patient whose nose is bleeding should be seated on a sofa or chair with a back so that the person can lean back a little.
2. The head should be tilted forward when heavy bleeding press your chin to your chest. This is done so that the blood has access to an outlet.
3. After this, you need to pinch the nostril from which the blood flows. Just press the side of your nose and breathe through your mouth. Instead, you can place a cotton swab soaked in hydrogen peroxide in your nostril. This is how we protect the open parts of the mucous membrane from infection.
4. You need to put a cold object on the bridge of your nose - frozen meat, something from the refrigerator, or just a wet napkin. Cold should also be applied to the back of the neck.
5. If the bleeding does not stop within 5 minutes, you can drop a drop into the bleeding nostril. vasoconstrictor drops or lemon juice.
6. Advice from Chinese alternative medicine– during bleeding, bandage with string or a money elastic band thumb hands in the middle of the nail. The points active for nosebleeds are located there. This technique helps stop bleeding quickly and safely.
7. If nosebleeds occur regularly, you can buy them at the pharmacy. hemostatic sponge. It has hemostatic properties and acts very quickly. It is simply placed in the nasal cavity and left until completely absorbed. It not only stops bleeding, but also restores damaged tissue.
8. If bleeding is caused high pressure, don’t rush to stop him. Allow the “excess” blood to drain out by holding a napkin or handkerchief to the nostril. After 3-4 minutes there will be less blood, you can insert a cotton swab into the nostril. By doing this, you must be absolutely sure that in this case the bleeding was caused by hypertension.

If bleeding does not go away within 10 minutes or worsens, you should call an ambulance as soon as possible. Prolonged nosebleeds can lead to serious blood loss.

What not to do if you are bleeding

The vast majority of people with nosebleeds instinctively try to throw their heads back. This is strictly forbidden. In this position, blood begins to flow into the nasopharynx and food passage, causing coughing, sneezing and vomiting. In addition, blood can enter the respiratory tract, which can contribute to the development of inflammation. For the same reason, a person with a nosebleed should not be placed on a flat surface. If the patient is unconscious, bring him to a semi-sitting position or place a hard pillow under his head and tilt his head to the side. When blood is flowing from the nose, you should not blow your nose - straining the nasal mucosa can aggravate the bleeding.

In the piggy bank folk wisdom There are many tips that can stop a running nosebleed in the shortest possible time.

1. If you have fresh plantain or nettle leaves on hand, you can use their juice. For nosebleeds, soak a cotton swab in the juice of one of these plants and insert it into the sore nostril.
2. If you suffer from frequent bleeding, you need to regularly drink a yarrow decoction three times a day before meals, half a glass. The full course is two weeks, which can be repeated after a month. Yarrow has a powerful hemostatic effect, but it has contraindications - the decoction should not be drunk by pregnant women. This may cause a miscarriage.
3. If you have frequent bleeding, eat a small piece of aloe every day on an empty stomach.
4. Dissolve a teaspoon of salt in a glass of water, pour the solution into a small teapot and insert the spout into one nostril. Tilt your head to the side until, at a certain angle, water begins to pour out of the second nostril. Salt rinses will not only stop bleeding, but also strengthen blood vessels.
5. Viburnum bark can stop severe and prolonged bleeding. You should always have it at hand if this situation happens often. A couple of tablespoons of bark should be crushed and poured with a liter of boiling water. The broth should be infused in a thermos for about a day. You can drink viburnum decoction if necessary (when blood starts to flow) or for prevention (half a glass in the morning every day).
6. In villages they used this method to stop bleeding. A tub of cold water was poured onto the patient's head. Sharp narrowing blood vessels were stopped even by the most severe bleeding.

Thyme, sage, chamomile, sea buckthorn, bird cherry, horsetail, sorrel and oak also have hemostatic properties.

How to prevent nosebleeds

Prevention of nosebleeds involves eliminating the main cause of this symptom. Hypertensive patients need to monitor their levels blood pressure. If there are formations or polyps in the nose, you need to start treating them. For various ENT diseases, it is necessary to treat the disease itself, and not the symptom in the form of bleeding.

To keep the indoor air moist, you need to ventilate the rooms more often, use a humidifier, and houseplants. If permanent crusts form in your nose due to dry air, moisturize the mucous membrane sea ​​buckthorn oil. In addition, you cannot be for a long time under the sun with your head uncovered - avoid heat stroke.

Tea made from nettle, plantain, and sea buckthorn will help improve blood clotting. If you are deficient in vitamin C, you should take ascorbic acid. To prevent blood from flowing from the nose, you should not pick your nose intensively, sneeze with closed mouth. In addition, overexertion, both moral and physical, should not be allowed.

You can feel a nosebleed coming on. If you suddenly have tinnitus, you feel unwell, and your nose becomes uncomfortable, bleeding will soon begin. This knowledge will help you avoid getting your clothes dirty and be prepared for the upcoming situation. After the blood flows, you need to be at rest for some time - you cannot run or jump. Also, you should not drink or eat hot drinks or foods in the near future - this can cause re-bleeding.

Nosebleeds are common and not at all dangerous. It happens at least once in every person’s life. But if bleeding occurs frequently and regularly, this may indicate more serious problems. In this case, going to the doctor cannot be postponed.

Video: how to stop nosebleeds

1. To start, just blow your nose. As a result of this simple and routine manipulation, clots are removed from the nose, which act as some kind of blood clots for blood vessels. As soon as you remove them, the elastic fibers of the capillaries and blood vessels will contract, closing the “holes.” Remember, there must be moderation everywhere! Don't blow your nose for too long. With strong tension in the mucous membrane, another weak vessel may burst.

2. If the nosebleed is not intense, you can try simply pressing the wall of the nose against the nasal septum with your finger. The manipulation will be more effective if you have ice or cold water on hand. Wrap a piece of ice (a frozen piece of meat, a cold jar, whatever) in a thin towel or napkin and apply it to the septum (center of the nose). A napkin or handkerchief soaked in cold water will have a similar effect. If you apply a cold object to your nose (during bleeding), the vessels in the nasal cavity will narrow and the bleeding will stop.

3. Sit down and lower your head forward (standing is undesirable, you may lose your balance). If the bleeding from the nose is not strong, then literally after 2 minutes it will stop.

4. To stop nosebleeds insert a cotton swab (do not forget, if possible, to lubricate it with peroxide or Vaseline)

5. Cauterizing the mucous acid of lemon often helps (putting a couple of drops into the nose lemon juice diluted with boiled water)

6. If you are outdoors, find nettle leaves and rub a cotton swab with it, followed by inserting it into your nose. (nettle will also have a cauterizing effect.)

7. It is also advised to periodically rinse your nose with a solution of soda or salt.
These basic 7 methods should help in any case and with any bleeding. However, remember that with the help of these manipulations you will stop the effect, not the cause of the problem. Finally, familiarize yourself with those “methods” that cannot be done due to their uselessness. Sometimes they can make your situation worse.

How to stop a nosebleed:

- Do not under any circumstances lower your head below the level of your torso by knocking it over from the bed, for example. Blood flow to the head will increase, causing even more bleeding.

— Do not throw your head back while standing or sitting. Of course, the nosebleed will stop, but in this position the blood will flow straight into the throat, which can cause vomiting, suffocation, or even pneumonia.

- Do not blow your nose after you have stopped the nosebleed. Contradicts the first method of eliminating nosebleeds, doesn't it? Let's explain now. The point is that after the bleeding from the nose stops, “crusts” similar to those that appear at the site of an abrasion form in the nose. A liquid blood clot needs to be blown out, but clotted blood should not be blown out. Otherwise, re-bleeding will occur.

- Give up for a while physical activity, teas and coffee. Be healthy!

In most cases, epistaxis (or nosebleeds) is a harmless phenomenon that can be easily treated at home or in field conditions. The most common cause of this ailment is the fragility of the blood vessels. It’s another matter when bleeding occurs frequently and is accompanied by loss of consciousness, weakness, ringing in the ears, and headache. This condition is a signal that it’s time to go to a therapist. It’s also a good idea to remember the basics of first aid. Understanding how to stop nosebleeds will certainly always come in handy.

Causes and types of bleeding from the nasal cavity

Before stopping a nosebleed, determine where it is coming from. There are anterior and posterior nosebleeds.

The first type is the most common (9 out of 10 cases), fleeting and harmless. It is easy to recognize: blood either drips or flows from one or both nostrils. Such bleeding is localized in the anterior part of the medial wall - an area with a thin mucous membrane and a huge number of fragile capillaries.

Bleeding from the back of the nose is dangerous because it does not manifest itself externally. Indirect symptoms of the problem are nausea, hemoptysis, black feces. If the bleeding has not stopped for a long time and there are these signs, immediately go to the doctor.

Why does my nose bleed? Here are the most common reasons:

• hemorrhagic diathesis;
• hypertension and vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• hormonal changes;
• deficiency of vitamins C and K;
• crooked nasal septum;
• mechanical injuries;
• the presence of polyps in the nose;
• overheating of the body;
• drying out of the mucous membrane in the heat or cold;
• poor blood clotting;
• taking anticoagulants;
• sudden changes in atmospheric pressure;
• severe fatigue;
• sinusitis and rhinitis, adenoids.

In terms of intensity, nosebleeds can be minor, mild, moderate and severe.

• Blood loss of up to several tens of milliliters with quickly stopping discharge does not threaten health.
• When 400–600 ml has expired ( mild degree) an adult becomes noticeably pale and experiences weakness.
• Average blood loss (600–1200 ml) is accompanied by tachycardia, shortness of breath, and a drop in blood pressure.
• Severe blood loss (800–1200 ml) leads to hemorrhagic shock.
• In children critical condition occurs with less bleeding.

How to provide first aid for anterior bleeding

If you have a nosebleed, it is not recommended to lay the patient on the bed or tilt his head back, since in a supine position you will not be able to determine the extent of the problem. Moreover, significant bleeding into the throat can cause vomiting. We need to act differently.

Instructions on how to stop nosebleeds in an adult at home are presented below.

• Have the patient sit on a chair, sofa, or bed.
• Advise him to tilt his head slightly and pinch his nose under the bridge of his nose with his fingers. Let the patient breathe through his mouth for the next ten minutes.
• Advise him to refrain from talking, blowing his nose or swallowing to help the blood clot form as quickly as possible.
• Meanwhile, remove the ice from the refrigerator. Wrap it in a towel. Place the resulting compress on the bridge of your nose.
• If it doesn't stop, make a tampon out of a bandage. Soak it in a three percent solution of hydrogen peroxide and insert it into the nostril.

Do not use cotton swabs to quickly stop bleeding. The fact is that when the secretions harden, they stick to the walls of the nasal passages. Therefore, when extracting cotton wool there is high probability re-injure blood vessels. After the bleeding has stopped, the nasal mucosa should be carefully lubricated with a moisturizer. This will prevent the shells from drying out.

How to stop? The sequence of actions is the same, only the baby needs to be constantly encouraged and reassured. If this is a very tiny toddler, take him in your arms and unbutton his clothes to make it easier for him to breathe. Try to explain to an older child that the nose will stop bleeding as soon as he stops screaming or crying.

How to stop nosebleeds at home folk remedies? Some plants have hemostatic properties.

• Take lemon or aloe leaf. Squeeze the juice out of it. Dilute one part of the extract obtained into two parts. boiled water. Place the resulting infusion into your nose.
• Tampons soaked in water will also help. fresh juice plantain, yarrow or nettle.
• Another remedy that can stop bleeding is a decoction of comfrey (a tablespoon of herb per 50 ml of boiling water).

What to do if there is bleeding that happens in nature?

• Sit in the shade.
• Lower your head slightly and pinch the nostril from which the blood is coming from with your finger.
• If you don't have a bandage at hand, use a handkerchief.
• In winter, instead of a cold compress, you can use a lump of snow or an icicle. In summer, a handkerchief soaked in cool water will do.

Emergency care for injuries and wounds of the nose

Instructions on how to stop nosebleeds at home with superficial scratches and bruises:

• wash the damaged area with soap and water;
• treat the wound with a solution of hydrogen peroxide;
• Apply a cold compress to the injured area;
• if blood is flowing from the nose, stop it with standard tamponing;
• make sure not posterior bleeding– saliva must be clean, without blood impurities;
• After half an hour, carefully remove the tampons from your nostrils.

Instructions on how to stop nosebleeds in an adult or child when injured:

• wash the wound with soapy water;
• treat it with peroxide;
• apply a pressure aseptic bandage;
• if your nose bleeds, perform a tamponade;
• Take the victim to the emergency room as quickly as possible.

How to stop severe nosebleeds severe injuries? If you suspect a fracture of the facial bones or nasal septum, call immediately ambulance. Before her arrival, you need to take standard steps: wash and treat the wound, do packing. In case of severe bleeding, hospitalization is required.

Preventive actions

How quickly nosebleeds stop depends on various factors: blood clotting, the diameter of the burst capillaries. Recent use of aspirin, high blood pressure, and anemia can slow down the formation of a blood clot.

If your nose often bleeds, what can you do to prevent it?

• Provide regular air humidification. For allergic or viral rhinitis, do not allow the mucous membranes of the nose to dry out.
• Monitor your blood pressure. If you are prone to hypertension, avoid salt and refrain from eating potatoes, grapes, and bananas.
• If your nose bleeds frequently, you need to include citrus fruits, currants, kiwi, sauerkraut and other foods rich in ascorbic acid in your diet.
• Green leafy vegetables will also be useful - they contain a lot of vitamin K.

In what cases should you call an ambulance?

To normalize the patient's condition, as a rule, cold compresses and tamponing are sufficient to stop bleeding. Urgent medical assistance may be necessary if your nose continues to bleed after 15–30 minutes.

Any suspicious discharge that appears after an injury may also be a reason for urgent hospitalization. So, for example, an admixture clear liquid in the blood sometimes indicates a fracture of the base of the skull. Bloody vomiting can be the result of both posterior nosebleeds and damage to the lungs, esophagus, and stomach.

According to the rules, children with epistaxis are subject to mandatory hospitalization if they are sick diabetes mellitus, hemophilia, have immunodeficiency or oncology. An aggravating circumstance is a tendency to hypertension in adolescence. Parents should insist on being examined by a doctor if the child has lost consciousness, complained of nausea, dizziness, or there is a suspicion of foreign body in the nasal passage.

In case of frequent bleeding, it is necessary to undergo a thorough examination (take tests, visit a pediatrician, ENT specialist, ophthalmologist, surgeon, cardiologist, neurologist) to determine and eliminate the cause of the disorder.

Now you know what to do and if there's blood coming out from the nose, you will not be confused and will not allow the well-being of a child or adult to deteriorate.

Blood from the nasal cavity is pathological condition, which can be observed by various reasons in people of different ages. The most common factor that leads to nosebleeds is increased blood pressure.

Often everything ends successfully for the patient, without going to the ambulance, but in certain conditions it is impossible to do without the intervention of a doctor.

The main causes of nosebleeds - symptoms of what diseases can be caused by nosebleeds?

The phenomenon in question can occur spontaneously, regardless of certain diseases.

There are several factors that can provoke this condition:

• Staying in direct sunlight for a long time.
• Stressful condition.
• Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol favors the expansion of blood vessels, which affects the permeability of their walls.
• Negative reaction of the body to taking certain medications.
• Hormonal imbalance in the body due to age-related changes(in adolescents), as well as during pregnancy.

Blood from the nose may be a specific pathology of some professions that are associated with changes in atmospheric pressure.

This risk group includes pilots, climbers, etc.

Local causes that may lead to nosebleeds include:

• Injury to the nose from the outside or from the mucous membrane.
• Pathological neoplasms in the nasal cavity/sinuses, at the base of the skull.
• Fracture of the skull. In such incidents, the nose may also leak cerebrospinal fluid, which is white in color.
• Violation of the integrity of the internal carotid artery fragments of skull bones.
• Inflammatory phenomena in the adenoids, sinusitis.
• Changes dystrophic nature in the nasal mucosa. Similar transformations can occur against the background atrophic rhinitis or .

Nosebleeds often develop against the background of a number of diseases, the main of which are:

1. Malfunctions of cardio-vascular system: hypertension, atherosclerosis of blood vessels, various heart pathologies.
2. Pathologies associated with the ability of blood to clot: platelet deficiency (thrombocytopenia), hemophilia, blood cancer, anemia. A lack of hemoglobin, a certain group of vitamins, causes blood thinning, and this negatively affects its clotting. This group also includes Randu-Osler syndrome, a congenital vascular pathology.
3. Serious defects in the functioning of the spleen, liver, kidneys.
4. Vegetovascular dystonia.
5. Infection of the body, which is accompanied by an increase in body temperature and intoxication: influenza, ARVI, scarlet fever, sepsis. Under the influence of harmful microorganisms, the walls of blood vessels become thin and fragile: they are able to allow blood components to pass through, which prevents its rapid clotting.
6. Pathologies of the thyroid gland.

Types of nosebleeds according to medical classification

Based on location, nosebleeds are of two types:

1. Front. Do not lead to significant blood loss, and can often be easily eliminated without medical intervention. The source of this type of nosebleed is the Kisselbach region, in which small blood vessels are concentrated.
2. Rear. Such bleeding occurs due to rupture of the walls large vessels, which are located deep in the mucous layers of the nasal cavity. These bleedings cannot be stopped on your own: the help of a doctor is required. Otherwise, significant blood loss may occur.

Depending on the amount of blood lost, these bleedings are divided into three groups:

• Mild severity. Compared to the other two types of nosebleeds, this group is very common. In this case, the blood flows out in small drops, and can be stopped by pressing the wings of the nose. Such bleeding does not pose any danger to life, however, if it lasts for a long period of time, the patient will complain of loss of strength and slight dizziness.
• Moderate (moderate) nosebleeds. Due to considerable volumes of blood loss (300 ml), the patient’s systolic blood pressure level decreases to 90-95 mm, the heart rate increases, skin turn pale.
• Heavy bleeding. The amount of blood lost can exceed 1 liter, and if qualified assistance is not provided in time, the patient may die. General state The patient deteriorates sharply: systolic pressure drops to 80 mm, heart rate increases (up to 120 beats per minute), loss of consciousness, nausea, and vomiting are possible. A blood test confirms a decrease in hemoglobin levels.

What to do in case of nosebleeds in an adult or child, how to stop the bleeding - first aid and actions for bleeding

If a nosebleed occurs, the following steps should be taken:

1. The victim needs, first of all, to calm down. To do this, you should monitor your breathing: it should be deep and slow. This will help minimize psycho-emotional stress and lower your heart rate.
2. Monitor the correct position of the patient's body. It's better if he sits. However, if this is not possible, you need to slightly raise your head, but not tilt it back. Strong tilting of the head can lead to blood entering the stomach or respiratory tract. Such phenomena can provoke, respectively, vomiting or breathing problems. In addition, it is better if the blood flows into a certain container: this will help determine the amount of blood loss.

To stop mild nosebleeds, resort to the following measures:

• Use your fingertips to press the wings of your nose to the bridge of your nose. This ensures mechanical compression of the blood vessels.
• Instill the nasal cavity with drops that promote vasoconstriction (pharmazolin, naphthyzin, etc.). Before this manipulation, the victim needs to blow his nose to get rid of blood clots that have formed in the nasal cavity.
• Apply 3% hydrogen peroxide solution to your nose. With a weak blood flow, a blood clot forms quickly enough and the bleeding stops.

If the nose is injured, the first aid algorithm is as follows:

1. Cold should be applied to the damaged area: this will help constrict the blood vessels. A similar effect will be achieved if you put your hands in cold water. When using ice, you need to take short breaks every 10 minutes to avoid frostbite.
2. Place your feet in a bowl of warm water. Such manipulation will provoke the expansion of blood vessels in this part of the body, ensuring blood flow to lower limbs and unloading of the vessels of the nasal cavity.

If it is possible to stop the bleeding, the patient in any case needs to see a doctor to examine the condition of the nasal bones using an X-ray machine.

If the application of the above described methods of stopping bleeding is ineffective, as well as in case of severe nosebleeds, it is necessary to make gauze pad.

Before insertion, it must be moistened generously in hydrogen peroxide or aminocaproic acid.

Since this process is very painful, the victim can first lubricate both halves of the nose Lidocaine.