What does an ovarian cyst look like on an ultrasound and when to get examined. Functional formations on ultrasound: follicular and luteal

First of all, let's define what it is ovarian cyst. So, it is a fluid-filled neoplasm located in the middle or on the surface of the ovary. It is worth noting that most often a cyst does not pose a great danger to health. In some cases, a neoplasm on a woman’s appendages may indicate the development of a more serious pathology.

The size of the cyst varies, sometimes amounting to several millimeters. In some cases they can reach several tens of centimeters. An interesting fact is that a neoplasm can occur in a completely healthy body, since every month a dominant follicle (small cyst) forms in one of the woman’s appendages.

Very often the dominant follicle bursts, but there are exceptions to the rule when it continues to grow, accumulating fluid. To avoid such cases, it is worthwhile to conduct a timely examination using ultrasound.

Today, functional cysts are very common and appear in the healthy bodies of young women. They do not harm women and resolve on their own within a couple of weeks or several months. A dermoid cyst is a benign tumor of the appendages. This neoplasm consists of tissues that are not characteristic of the ovaries and is large in size. These include various cartilages and bones. Very often, surgical method is used to remove them.

Hemorrhagic occurs in the process of hemorrhage into an ordinary cyst. In this case, the sick woman feels a nagging pain. Another type of neoplasm may also have similar symptoms. An endometriotic cyst is most often represented by a blood vesicle. In this situation, women experience very painful periods and aching pain in the lower abdomen.

It is also worth mentioning such a disease as polycystic ovary syndrome - this is the occurrence of a large number of cysts on the appendages. This disease is very common and contributes to the development of infertility, menstrual irregularities, and sometimes increases the level of male hormones in a woman’s body. Another type of neoplasm that reaches enormous sizes is called cystadenoma. All described cases are best diagnosed using ultrasound examination of the female appendages.

Ultrasound examination of an ovarian cyst

In obstetrics and gynecology, ultrasound is used to diagnose almost all diseases. This is modern a widely accessible way to study internal organs, based on echolocation. In particular, ultrasound of the ovary is absolutely harmless for patients, including during pregnancy. It has no side effects because the system uses ultrasonic vibrations.

Very often, to study cysts of the female appendages, specialists use transabdominal ultrasound. This device is a modern portable device. Before undergoing such a procedure, a woman should fill her bladder by drinking plenty of fluids an hour before the test. Pay attention to the photos below. This is approximately what an ovarian cyst looks like.

It is also worth noting that ovarian cysts can also be used to study transvaginal ultrasound. The transducer resembles the shape of a woman's vagina. Before using this method, be sure to find out if you have a latex allergy. If a specialist has prescribed this particular type of ultrasound, then you should take into account that you can only drink liquid 4 hours before the examination. In the photo below you can see the appearance of an ovarian cyst diagnosed during a transvaginal ultrasound.

It is worth mentioning that the ideal time to undergo an ultrasound is the period 3-5 days after the end of menstruation. During this period, the uterine mucosa is quite thin, which allows the specialist to make a better diagnosis and obtain a high-quality photo of the neoplasm.

So, Ultrasound of the ovaries is the most informative method for diagnosing cysts, allowing one to determine the size and location of neoplasms. Your doctor will provide you with an accurate description and diagnosis of the disease.

If you are diagnosed with a cyst, ask your specialist if you need to undergo additional tests, when you need to undergo the next ultrasound examination, talk about treatment methods. Do not forget that the treatment of ovarian cysts depends on the cause of the disease, the dynamics of development, and the woman’s age. You should also take into account the individual characteristics and characteristics of the body. A specialist will help you understand all this by prescribing the necessary treatment on an individual basis. Don't get sick, be healthy!

An ovarian cyst is always diagnosed by ultrasound. Formations are easily detected during research. However, hydrosalpinx, ectopic pregnancy and other anomalies have an external resemblance to an appendage tumor, and therefore are interpreted incorrectly.

Most of the formations are benign. Complex foreign inclusions are hemorrhagic functional cysts, and dense ones are fibroids. At risk are women with a family history, including those who have entered menopause.

The study is carried out on days 5-7 of the cycle. During this period, the endometrium of the reproductive organ has a small thickness. If you need to track the condition of the tumor over time, it is recommended to repeat the procedure on days 10, 15, 22 of the cycle.

What does a simple ovarian cyst look like on ultrasound?

A simple cyst is a formation with thin walls. An increase in the echo signal is observed behind it. There is no dense content inside a simple cavity. No blood flow is observed. Often, functional formations are identified that appear in patients of childbearing age or during menopause.

Sometimes women are diagnosed with simple cysts, which in fact act as either paratubular tumors or cystadenomas. Malignant tumors are extremely rare in practice, especially when it comes to single-chamber tumors. Simple functional inclusions formed against the background of hormonal abnormalities are often identified.

Simple cysts up to 30 mm in size that occur in women of childbearing age are normal and do not pose a danger. If the size of the formation after menopause is up to 70 mm, then most likely it is benign. Foreign inclusions with a diameter of 70 mm or more are difficult to analyze on ultrasound, so an MRI is performed.

Follicular neoplasm

Functional formations on ultrasound: follicular and luteal

The diameter does not exceed 10 cm. It has a surface without protrusions, a thin wall, and filling with a watery consistency. Ultrasound reveals tissue of an unchanged appendage. Often the follicular cavity is single-chamber and is asymptomatic. Women with simple formations measuring 5 cm or more undergo a dynamic ultrasound.

In the study, the follicular cavity is defined as a thin-walled single-chamber inclusion, behind which an amplified acoustic signal can be traced. When bleeding into the formation, a diffuse hyperechoic suspension is detected. The ovarian parenchyma is visible along the periphery. A characteristic sign of follicularity on ultrasound is the absence of blood flow inside the cavity.

Has dimensions up to 40-50 mm. Sometimes hemorrhage occurs into the cavity. On ultrasound, a luteal tumor is determined by the “ring of fire” - numerous blood vessels piercing the wall. There is no blood supply inside the formation. The risk of its occurrence increases with the use of drugs that stimulate ovulation.

Hemorrhagic inclusion

Hemorrhagic cyst

Such a neoplasm of the appendage forms after hemorrhage into the luteal body or into a follicular cyst. In this case, an acute pain syndrome occurs in the lower abdomen, but sometimes an asymptomatic course of the pathology is observed. When the cavity ruptures, blood accumulates in the area of ​​the reproductive organ and appendages.

On ultrasound it appears as a single-chamber formation with a hyperechoic suspension. Fibrin threads are transformed into an openwork mesh. Sometimes such extraneous inclusion looks dense. There is no blood flow inside it, but it can be traced along the periphery.

Formations with a size of 50 mm or more, formed during childbearing age, are subject to dynamic observation. Large tumors in patients in early menopause and 5 years after the last menstruation are regularly examined using magnetic resonance imaging.

Extraneous inclusion of a non-functional nature

This type of ovarian cyst is formed from ovarian tissue or has a different etiology.

Nonfunctional neoplasms include:

1. A paraovarian cyst, which is defined by ultrasound as an inclusion up to 15-20 cm in size, has a round shape and the contents have a liquid consistency. Unlike others, it does not have a leg. If the paraovarian inclusion is large, then when separated by a sensor from the paired organ, it looks like a bladder.
2. Inclusive formation of irregular shape, single or multi-chamber. The internal contents are anechoic; when hemorrhage occurs, fibrin impurities appear.
3. foreign inclusion up to 10-15 cm in diameter is filled with chocolate-colored contents inside. Seals are visible on the smooth inner surface. There may be several areas of endometriosis on ultrasound.

Endometrioma appears as a round formation with a double contour and a uniform hypoechoic structure, resembling opaque glass. Dense inclusions are not observed. The capsule consists of 30% hypoechoic foci. There is no internal blood flow.

Mature teratoma. Click to enlarge

1. in 85% of cases it is formed on one ovary and has dimensions from a pinhead to 20 cm, and an oval or circle shape. On ultrasound examination, in 90% of cases it is determined to be single-chamber. The formation has a hypoechoic structure and hyperechoic internal inclusions.

Thus, each ovarian cyst is characterized by features that differentiate it from other similar formations by ultrasound. Large foreign inclusions require dynamic monitoring.

The site is a medical portal for online consultations of pediatric and adult doctors of all specialties. You can ask a question on the topic "ovarian cyst on ultrasound" and get a free online doctor’s consultation.

Ask your question

Questions and answers on: ovarian cyst on ultrasound

2013-04-19 07:26:53

Angelica asks:

Hello, I was injected with antibiotics intramuscularly for 2 weeks and was treated with 5 droppers for an ovarian cyst; I found out on an ultrasound that I was pregnant! Can the medications affect the fetus?

Answers Purpura Roksolana Yosipovna:

If drugs were administered in the first 2 weeks. pregnancy, then there should be no negative impact, because The blood circulation between mother and embryo is not yet fully formed. You need to undergo ultrasound examination in dynamics and already at 10 weeks. You can take a combined test. I wish you success!

2011-05-30 12:26:16

Alice asks:

Hello. I really need advice. I am 24 years old. Menstruation began at age 14. There were no pregnancies or abortions.
The last menstruation began on 04/02/2011. Was there for 4 days. Previously, there were delays in menstruation, but for the last 9 months everything was fine - menstruation came on time (30-31 days). Since May 18, I began to feel strange - drowsiness, fatigue, tearfulness, and an increase in appetite. The pregnancy test gave a negative result. On May 24, I went to see a gynecologist. There was a suspicion of short-term pregnancy, and she was sent for an ultrasound to clarify. But an ultrasound revealed that there was no fertilized egg in the uterus, but a cyst on the left ovary. Ultrasound results: length of the uterus - 50mm, length of the uterus - 44mm, width - 46mm, cervix - 34x26mm without visible pathology, contours are clear, smooth, structure is homogeneous, M-echo - 12.6mm, the uterine cavity is not dilated, not deformed . The endometrium does not correspond to the period of the menstrual cycle, the shape is linear, oval, the contours are smooth, clear. Right ovary - 36x20x22mm, small follicular structure, up to 6 follicles in one cavity, max d - 19mm. The left ovary is 68x39x43 mm with an anechoic cavity formation, with a clear echogenic capsule, heterogeneous. Also in the extract, an endometriotic ovarian cyst is in question.
After the ultrasound, the doctor advised me to wait for the start of menstruation and do another ultrasound. However, she didn’t really explain anything.
Please explain the results of the ultrasound. If the diagnosis is confirmed, can this lead to infertility? I would really like a child.
I also read that an endometriosis cyst feeds on menstrual blood. And that if you get pregnant, the cyst will resolve. Is it so?

Answers Serpeninova Irina Viktorovna:

Good afternoon. Unfortunately, ultrasound cannot always reliably identify the type of ovarian cyst. The ultrasound doctor who performed the examination suggested that you have an endometrioid cyst, which it is advisable to remove laparoscopically before planning pregnancy, but he cannot exclude a follicular cyst, which resolves on its own after menstruation, so he suggested repeating the ultrasound after menstruation. You need to donate blood for CA-125 hormone, which increases primarily in ovarian cancer. I do not recommend that my patients become pregnant with an ovarian cyst: under certain circumstances, the cyst may be torsioned or ruptured, i.e. Surgical intervention may be necessary, which is undesirable during pregnancy. Get treatment and then get pregnant.

2011-01-23 12:23:36

Daria asks:

Hello! I’m already 13 days late, the tests are negative, the temperature is 37.2, 37.5, I have a slight cough, my nose is stuffy sometimes, my lower abdomen hurts. I went to the doctor and said I might be pregnant, or maybe I have an ovarian cyst, they ordered an ultrasound, but it’s still 4 days later, I read a lot about this cyst, and now I’m crying, because after it I might not have children at all, but I really want to. I won’t survive if something is damaged during the removal of the cyst and I will remain childless. I'm just going crazy!!!

2009-06-18 10:17:59

Irina asks:

Health to everyone! I want to ask if my gynecologist can prescribe surgery (laparoscopy) in the case of palpation of an ovarian cyst (confirmed by ultrasound), without even prescribing a dynamic ultrasound, without checking the hormonal level, without repeated examinations on different days of the cycle, without reading my tests. I want to change doctors, but everything is complicated here - appointments are only by appointment. It is almost impossible to pick up a card with test results; it is almost the property of the antenatal clinic. This is some kind of nonsense, because I took the tests at my own expense and have every right to get advice from several specialists, thereby looking for valuable grain. Thank you, let doctors treat all their patients like they treat their mother, daughter or sister, because diagnosis is such a complex matter - you need to want to see the main thing and not just brush it off like an annoying fly. It’s all difficult, the pace of life doesn’t allow me to spend whole days visiting doctors, and I’m not far from being fired. Okay, I digress. Thank you if you point me in the right direction.

Answers Medical consultant of the website portal:

Hello! Unfortunately, it is difficult to comment on a doctor’s actions from a distance, since the patient’s assessment of his actions is not always objective (practice shows that the patient cannot always determine what the doctor did and what he did not). If you do not feel comfortable visiting this doctor, you can choose another one - there are many private clinics in any regional center. You have the right to demand your card in order to copy the information of interest for yourself, be a little more persistent. All the best!

2016-10-28 15:42:32

Yana asks:

Good afternoon Today, an ultrasound was diagnosed with an ovarian cyst in the stage of self-destruction. What does this mean? What are the consequences? Thank you!

Answers Palyga Igor Evgenievich:

Hello, Yana! Why didn't you ask the ultrasound specialist about this? In fact, the diagnosis is quite surprising. Most likely we are talking about a follicular cyst, which disappears on its own after menstruation (self-destructs). There will be no negative consequences.

2016-10-25 13:30:28

Anastasia asks:

Hello, I am 21 years old. At the age of 18 I had a resection of the left ovary (the cyst burst), the ovary was not removed. I couldn’t get pregnant for 2 years. At the age of 20 I had a laparoscopy. Diagnosis: The left tube is passable, the right tube is not passable. There are body features such as Ovulatory colic, I always feel ovulation on the right side, and I did an ultrasound many times, and the dominant follicles are always only on the right ovary. What can be done in such a situation if the right ovary is working, but the right tube is not patent. And the left ovary is not working, and the left the tube is passable. What to do in such a situation? And also pelvic adhesions.

Answers Palyga Igor Evgenievich:

Hello, Anastasia! You can get pregnant naturally only when ovulation occurs on the side of the patent fallopian tube, i.e. on the left. If ovulation occurs exclusively on the right side, then IVF should be planned; there is no other way.

2016-10-19 18:01:31

Marina asks:

Hello,
Please help me understand the results of gynecological examinations.
I am 38 years old, two children, no abortions /condoms/. Planned pregnancies (at 32 and 35), I managed to get pregnant immediately, pregnancy and childbirth were normal without complications.
They put in an IUD after the second birth... before that the cycle was 28 days. regular, after a year of use I took it off because we want another child. But after the spiral the cycle was completely broken.
Please help me understand whether it is possible for me to get pregnant by analyzing the data below?
Transcript for the first ultrasound "UZI MARCH 2016"
The uterus is correctly located, its dimensions are 75 mm in length, x 35 mm density x 47 mm size / or height /
Endometrium homogeneous 10 mm
The right ovary is in its place, in the correct position, no signs of past ovulation have been identified
The left ovary has a 16 mm follicle and a partially bleeding corpus luteum of 17 mm
No anomalies were detected, the ovaries are in a quiet phase. NO CYST
Transcript of "Ultrasound JUNE 2016"
Last menstruation 06/22/2016
The uterus is correctly positioned, its dimensions are 81 x 32 x 52
Endometrium homogeneous 5 mm
Right ovary 27x11mm
The left ovary has 2 cysts with clear liquid, dimensions 24 + 36 mm
No anomalies detected
Story
At the end of 2013, an IUD with copper, not hormonal, was installed. After 1.5 years it slipped off and they decided to remove it. I missed my periods for more than half a year.
First menstruation December 2015
Further absence of menstruation
Menstruation again February 2016, March 2016 cycle 28 days
Further absence of menstruation
Periods again JUNE 2016 from June 7 to June 14 and again from June 22 to 27.
The gynecologist prescribed a French drug for 2 months of taking Surgestone (active ingredient Promégestone) progesterone
After its use, no cysts were found. Menstruation occurs but at large intervals, once every two months,
Data on hormones on day 6 of the cycle
FSH 29.7 ui/L (at normal follic phase 3.3 - 10 ui/L ovulatory phase 6.0-20 ui/L)
LH 34.3 ui/L (at normal follic phase 1.8-11.78 ui/L ovulatory phase 7.59-89.08ui/L)
Estradiol Prolactin 256 mui/L
Thank you very much in advance

Answers Palyga Igor Evgenievich:

Hello, Marina! If the IUD was non-hormonal, then it could not influence your hormonal levels in any way. I suspect that you are experiencing age-related changes and in order to talk specifically about pregnancy planning, it is necessary to assess your ovarian reserve. To do this, in addition to the FSH indicator, you need to take a blood test for AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone). According to the conclusion of an ultrasound scan in March 2016, you ovulated and this is positive. If the ovarian reserve is satisfactory, then folliculometry can be planned and pregnancy can be planned during the period of objectively confirmed ovulation. It is clear that for your age, the efficiency of conception in the natural cycle is no more than 10-15%.

2016-10-15 01:09:13

Nadiya asks:

Good afternoon. I have something incomprehensible. The ultrasound doctor found a cyst almost the size of an ovary during examination. I doubted the diagnosis and definition of the cyst for a long time. In the end, I wrote an endometrioid cyst on the right ovary. The ultrasound was done the day after the end of my period. My period came with a delay of 5 days. The pain was terrible during the delay. The breasts were swollen. There is discharge from the breasts similar to colostrum. To this day. My genetic colleague sent me to the day hospital and said that they will sort it out. What will happen to me in the end?

Answers Bosyak Yulia Vasilievna:

Hello, Nadezhda! If colostrum is released from the mammary glands, then you need to take a blood test for prolactin on the 2-3rd day of breastfeeding. Most likely you have hyperprolactinemia. Cysts are usually monitored over a period of 3 months, and then surgical intervention is planned if necessary.

2016-09-28 21:50:29

Elena asks:

Hello, my daughter is 16 years old. From about the age of 10, we were examined by an endocrinologist, due to the fact that she began to grow hair on her body (buttocks, legs, arms, face, stomach) plus, from the age of 13-14, stretch marks appeared, first on the buttocks, then on the back. Hormones have always been normal. Since the age of 13 she has been menstruating, very profusely and painfully. From the age of 13-14 she began to wear men's clothes and positions herself as neuter; she says that she does not understand who she is, although there were no problems with this in childhood. At school, both girls and boys tease him with a mustache. This year they discovered a cyst on the left ovary. Upon repeated ultrasound, the cyst was no longer on the left ovary, but a mass was found on the right ovary. They did an ultrasound of the adrenal glands and found minor hyperplasia. We tested the hormones and everything is normal.
Testosterone total Cortisol 281
17OH progesterone 1.30
ACTH 16.10
According to the ECG for the second year, sinus arrhythmia is 60/100
Ultrasound: the dimensions of the right ovary are 5.2 × 3.6 × 4.7 cm, in the structure of the right ovary an anechoic cystic formation with internal septal structures is located, with clear and even contours, in a capsule measuring 3.4 × 3.0 × 3.3 cm, volume 18 ml, blood flow along the periphery, visible ovarian tissue is fine-meshed, echogenicity is normal.
Left: 3.8 × 2.6 × 2.8, volume 14 ml., fine-mesh structure, normal echogenicity, follicles 0.5-0.6 cm, number 9 pieces.
Ultrasound examination of the adrenal glands is somewhat hyperplastic: the right one is 1.2 × 0.8 cm, the left one is 1.3 × 1.0 cm, the structure and echogenicity are normal, without focal formations.
General blood analysis:
WBC 11.60 ×10^9/L (norm 8.00-8.60) H
LYM 1.20 ×10^9/L (norm 2.60-3.10) L
MID 0.84 ×10^9/L (norm 0.60-0.90)
GRA 9.56 ×10^9/L (norm 4.70-5.70) H
LYM% 10.44% (norm 33.10-39.10) L
MID% 7.27% (norm 8.00-13.00) L
GRA% 82.29% (norm 58.70-65.70) H+
RBC 4.66 ×10^12/L (norm 4.16-4.36)H
HGB 153 g/L (norm 118-124) H
MCHC 361.36 g/L (norm 333.00-363.00)
MCH 32.82pg (norm 28.40-30.40) H
MCV 90.82fL (norm 85.00-91.00)
RDW-CV 16.78% (norm 16.20-21.20)
RDW-SD 42.47fL (norm 35.00-56.00)
HCT 42.43% (norm 35.40-38.40) H
PLT 191 ×10^9/L (norm 241.00-271.00) L
MPV 8.73fL (norm 9.60-11.10) L
Help me please. Thank you.

Question. Often there is a tightening in the lower abdomen after taking a hot bath, in general. On the 11th day of the cycle, I did an ultrasound - a follicular cyst of the right ovary, they prescribed Diclovit for 10 days, vitamins, but they said that I need to do another ultrasound after menstruation. Tell me, how dangerous is this if the diagnosis is confirmed, and is it possible to get pregnant with a follicular cyst?

Answer. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the cyst will no longer be visible on ultrasound after menstruation. Pregnancy with follicular cysts is possible.

Question. I’m 20 years old, I haven’t given birth, but almost 3 years ago I had a mini-abortion. A year ago I had gardnerellosis and was cured. And I took contraceptives Rigevidon for 3 years. But about half a year ago I stopped taking it. I have long been bothered by periodic (occurs once every few months, or even half a year to a year) very strong aching and nagging pain in the lower abdomen and frequent urge to urinate, the pain lasts about 1-2 weeks, then gradually passes. Also, sometimes there are disruptions to the menstrual cycle (most often they begin a few days later or earlier than usual). Also, in the last few months, I began to experience mild pain on the right side. About two months ago, an ultrasound showed a cyst on the right ovary, the doctor said most likely it was a cyst of the corpus luteum, but could not say for what reason and when it appeared, and for some reason the size was not established (I am going to do another ultrasound). The doctor prescribed Lindinet 20, Ofloxacin, Furodonin, Lavomax (to increase immunity), tampons with Vishnevsky ointment, Betiol rectally, injections: vitamins B1, B6, sodium thiochloride, aloe extract, etc. But after treatment the pain did not go away. Streptococcus was also detected, regarding it the doctor claims that it is not dangerous, the pain is most likely not due to it and you just need to boost your immunity. No other diseases were detected, urine and smear tests were good. Tell me, what could have caused the cyst to appear, due to an abortion, taking Rigevidon, or the fact that you stopped taking Rigevidon (the doctor says that most likely because of the latter)? Are Lindinet 20 and other medications effective in treating cysts? How do you know if it is really a corpus luteum cyst or something else? Is the pain that has been bothering me for a long time caused by a cyst or maybe it is streptococcus? Do we need to treat streptococcus or should we just boost our immunity? What other tests should I take in my case, besides those that I took (ultrasound without intravaginal examination, smear and urine test)? Do I need to undergo any physical therapy? Is it worth getting tested for cancer and hormone levels and which is better? How many months to treat before deciding to undergo surgery (laparoscopy)?

Answer. A corpus luteum cyst occurs due to a hormonal imbalance in the body, which can also be caused by stopping taking COCs. You can find out whether the cyst is functional (corpus luteum or follicular cyst) by repeating the ultrasound in the first phase of the cycle (on the 5-7th day of menstruation) - it should resolve on its own. Taking COCs accelerates the process of resorption of functional cysts. Physiotherapy for ovarian cysts is contraindicated. Pain can be caused by a cyst or any other reason, for example, inflammation of the appendages caused by the same streptococcus. You have been prescribed complex antibacterial therapy; this is sufficient to treat streptococcal infection. The issue of additional research can be decided in person after the control ultrasound.

Question. I had surgery to remove a cystoma on my right ovary. They deleted everything because there was nothing left to save. I haven’t been to the gynecologist yet, because... I don’t really trust it (she recommended that I treat an 8-centimeter cyst with tablets for ureaplasmosis, which was found during the examination). Tell me how best to recover after such an operation, whether to take any medications (in general, nothing bothers me), are there any restrictions on physical activity? when can you start working? And also, is it now necessary for my husband and I to treat ureaplasmosis (he has not been examined)? Thanks in advance for your answer.

Answer. The selection of therapy and postoperative recommendations should be given to you by the doctor who performed the operation. Unfortunately, we cannot recommend therapy for you in absentia. You can contact our center for a face-to-face appointment with the results of your tests, then it will be possible to determine the need for therapy and the means for treatment. The attending physician also determines the period of work restriction - issues a sick leave (usually, if everything is in order, it is issued for 10 days and extended as necessary).

Question. 6 months ago I was diagnosed with a 3 cm cyst on my left ovary. I was prescribed Duphaston, but since I am breastfeeding, I did not take it. Throughout this time, I went for an ultrasound every month. The cyst remained as it was. And the size hasn't changed. The ovary aches a little and the discharge becomes stronger and brownish. The doctor says to remove it. Having read everything that can be bad with a cyst, I don’t resist it. But I’m very afraid of the operation, and I don’t want to stop feeding. Can I wait a little longer and just watch her? And what will happen to me if I don’t cut it out?
And further. If the cyst has not disappeared during this time, does this mean that it will not disappear? Maybe I should try taking hormones at the end of feeding and not immediately go under the knife?

Answer. You need to wait and take a course of hormonal therapy. You will have time to undergo the operation. A follicular cyst disappears during a control ultrasound after menstruation in 1-3 months, an endometrioid cyst exists for a long time and does not change its size. There are characteristic signs of certain cysts for diagnosing them on ultrasound.

Question. I am 25 years old. Six months ago, a cyst of the left ovary was discovered posterior to the uterus, size 77*64*70 mm, with thick, fine contents, in the posterior fornix - a small amount of free fluid. CA-125 = 19.9 (normal 2.6-18.0). I drank Yarina for 2 months. Ineffective. Afterwards the following treatment was prescribed: sodium thiosulfate (10 days, intravenously), diclofenac (5 times every other day), cycloferon (5 times every other day), Tsiprolet-250 (2 tablets per day for 7 days), rumicosis (3 days, 1 capsule 2 times a day), ichthyol suppositories, genferon. The cyst remained the same size. Now I am in my second month of being treated with herbs (calendula + yarrow + St. John's wort + nettle + sage). What do you recommend: have surgery or wait and maybe take some other medications? If the latter, which ones? I haven't given birth, I'm going to in three years. And one more thing: about a year ago, red plaques appeared on both legs (in the lower part) and they itch. I applied Locoid and took Cetrin; help temporarily. Could they appear due to a cyst?

Answer. In this situation, surgery is necessary. All other methods are ineffective. Plaques on the skin are not associated with a cyst.

Question. Tell me what to do, what is possible, what is not.
They found an endometrioid (presumably; maybe also dermoid) ovarian cyst, 3.5 cm. They will not remove it until the end of summer, because before that it is inconvenient for everyone, and, according to the doctors, there is no urgency. And how can I continue to live with her inside?
Is it possible:
ride a bike (a lot and often and far),
lift weights (10-15 kg),
sunbathe in the sun (well, yes! who doesn’t go south in the summer??),
swim in the sea/river,
climb mountains
endure strong shaking (it shakes on a country road in an old truck),
have sex,
go to the steam room/sauna for 5-7 minutes,
what else is possible/not possible?

Answer. If there is a cystic formation in the ovary, it is better to reduce physical activity, because there is a risk of cyst rupture (when lifting weights, for example) if it is endometrioid or torsion if it is dermoid. Therefore, all extreme sports, including mountain climbing, weight lifting, etc. You may consider them contraindicated for yourself. Cycling without excessive exertion, swimming in the river or sea and sex are possible. You can be in the sun, but it is better to avoid the most active sun rays (from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.). Visiting the bathhouse is highly undesirable.

Question. I have been undergoing treatment for infertility for several years. 2 months ago, an ultrasound revealed an endometrioid ovarian cyst of 3.8 cm. There were no changes for two cycles, so he was referred for laparoscopy. When the doctor did an ultrasound before the operation, she said the cyst had burst, and the operation was performed urgently. The result of the operation and histology: a cyst of the corpus luteum with hemorrhages was removed and many foci of irregularly shaped brown endometriosis from 1 to 20 mm were found on the Douglas peritoneum and the vesicouterine fold, and on the left sacrouterine ligament there was a blue foci of 15 mm with scar changes around. The pipes are passable. The uterus is of normal size. Antibacterial therapy was carried out for 4 days - cefazolin. Treatment was prescribed for 6 months with nemestran and vitamins E. Two weeks after the operation, I did an ultrasound and again found a 2.8 cm endometrioid cyst in the same ovary. The doctor who performed the operation on vacation, and the doctor who did the ultrasound says they removed the corpus luteum cyst, but the main one was not noticed. Again after the menstrual ultrasound and if there are no changes, then again for surgery. How can this be, after all, they discovered one cyst in me, and could they have missed a 4cm cyst in the ovary during surgery? Please advise what to do and whether to start prem nemestran. Thank you in advance.

Answer. Your situation is quite complicated and it is difficult to answer your question in absentia. But I think there is no need to rush into the operation. The fact is that it is quite difficult to determine the nature of the cyst from ultrasound (endometrioid or corpus luteum cyst); this is usually determined over time against the background of ongoing therapy (hormonal). And I think that it is very unlikely that doctors during the operation would not notice a formation in the ovary, because during the operation it is very clear what kind of formation it is, whether it is a corpus luteum cyst or something else. A corpus luteum cyst is formed as a result of hormonal disorders and can often recur, so it’s not surprising that you were diagnosed with it again. Try taking contraceptives for 3 cycles (Zhanine or Diane-35), and after the first month of taking the drug, repeat the ultrasound. I think the result will be completely different.

Question. Hello, about 3 weeks before my period my side starts to hurt, alternately left and right. The ultrasound showed that there is significant ovarian dysfunction and a cyst appears before menstruation. (0.5 cm) What treatment may be suitable in this case? What can I do to prevent the cyst from appearing again and again?

Answer. Firstly, an ovarian cyst cannot be called a formation measuring 0.5 cm. In your case, you should conduct a diagnostic dynamic ultrasound and hormonal monitoring of ovarian function, a differential diagnosis to exclude small forms of endometriosis, persistence of an unruptured follicle, etc. Only after determining the diagnosis can you choose management tactics .

Question. 5 years ago I had all my female organs removed, leaving only 1 incisor and ovary. Every month, if I don’t take the hormone (femoden), follicular cysts form on it. I have long been trying to understand why such formations occur, is there too much estradiol at the beginning of the cycle? If there is a cyst, does it mean the follicle is not ovulating at all?
At 21 d.c. progesterone was 9.34, elevated. I know that this cycle also had a cyst. Does this mean that when progesterone is elevated there is always a cyst in the cycle, if not, what does such an increase indicate?
How often would you recommend taking the hormone (femoden) to prevent cysts? I take 2 cycles a year. For me, the ovary is also important in terms of reproduction, for IVF. How many months do you need to take the hormone for the ovary to rest, for better ovarian output during stimulation of superovulation? Or is it impossible to say that the ovary will respond to stimulation better after blocking its work with a hormone?
If all my questions do not explain why cysts form, then please explain it yourself.
If you need additional information for this, I will be happy to provide it.

Answer. In order to correctly answer your questions, I need to familiarize myself with the medical documentation of the examinations, surgical interventions, etc.
It is also very important to conduct an ultrasound examination of the ovary and other examinations to identify ovarian reserve. I consider the situation solvable.

Question. I kindly ask you to answer my message. I am 27 years old. At the age of 21, I lost a lot of weight, I lost 12-14 kg in 2 weeks, a few months after that I developed a rash on my neck, and later on my face in the form of purulent boils. I took a hormone test, testosterone turned out to be high, and the gynecologist prescribed Mercilon. I started taking it, and the inflammatory process on the face and neck was suppressed. When I took a break, everything started again with even greater force. The entire neck was covered with multiple boils and ulcers. During the breaks, I consulted dermatologists, went through many treatment courses, but nothing helped. At the age of 23, I had a frozen pregnancy; after cleaning, I developed a follicular cyst with a diameter of 4 cm. I was afraid to have the operation because there is no guarantee against relapse. The gynecologist again prescribed Mercilon, the cyst did not resolve, and did not change in size at all. At the age of 26, the cyst began to bother me, although before that I had not even felt it, a nagging pain appeared in my leg, and tingling in the area of ​​the left ovary. An ultrasound showed that I had a dermoid cyst, and that some kind of process had begun in it. I turned to the head of the gynecology department of the regional hospital, after a series of tests, for some reason he did not recommend that I have surgery. I tried to be treated with herbs, also no result. Now I constantly drink Mercilon, as it saves me from boils on my face, although their aggressiveness has clearly increased, and it is prescribed for cysts. Tingling appeared in the left ovary again. Since I was 26 years old, I have not had a sexual partner, and my menstrual cycle has also been disrupted (constant delays, and the periods themselves are very scanty), and I began to gain weight. At the same time, the hairiness on the body increased sharply, and the hair on the head began to fall out profusely. Please tell me what is happening to me, recommend what I should do, how to stop all these processes in the body, I have already given up.

Answer. Please check what your height and weight are now. The dermoid cyst must be removed. We recommend an in-depth examination: immune status, liver and thyroid function tests, blood glucose, etc. It is better to cancel Mercilon and replace it (if contraception is needed) with another drug, but this is only after further examination.

Question. I am 26 years old. A diagnosis of sclerocystic disease was made. I tried to get pregnant for a year. To no avail. After which I decided to undergo hormonal treatment. With my diagnosis, is it possible to take clostilbegit without a preliminary follicular analysis? One doctor prescribes it, I consulted another doctor - definitely not. Who to believe? I took duphaston for 4 months from the 14th day of my cycle. Now esterlan from 1 to 21 and duphaston from 14. Please give me an analysis of my treatment.

Answer. We do not comment on prescribed treatment regimens in absentia; this is neither correct nor ethical. The doctor who prescribed therapy for you knows the results of your tests, ultrasound, etc., and he apparently justifiably prescribes this or that therapy for you. As for stimulating ovulation, to carry it out it is necessary to first establish the cause of infertility, namely, in addition to ultrasound, diagnose the patency of the fallopian tubes and evaluate the spermogram. Without these two studies, taking clostilbegide may not only be useless, but also dangerous, because can lead to the development of ectopic pregnancy. Of course, it is advisable to stimulate ovulation under ultrasound control (folliculometry), so it will be more effective.

Consulting doctors

The most common examination method based on the use of ultrasonic waves.

Operating principle is this: an ultrasound sensor sends ultrasonic waves of the same frequency and amplitude inside the body, where they are reflected from the organs and received by the same sensor. Ultrasound waves are converted into an image and displayed on a monitor screen.

Different tissues and organs have different acoustic impedance, the value of which depends on the density, presence of liquid or gas.

The denser the organ, the higher the acoustic resistance and the brighter it is visible on the screen, and vice versa, if the organs are loose or contain gas inside, then they are visible on the screen in dark gray tones. The liquid is represented as black spots.

Method Ultrasound widely used in diagnosing ovarian cysts, as it has a number of positive qualities:

• high information content;
• the method is non-invasive (there is no need to violate the integrity of the skin to carry out the examination);
• affordable price;
• The examination takes 15–20 minutes.

Indications for use

Which will draw the attention of a gynecologist to prescribe an ultrasound will be:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• menstrual irregularities;
• infertility.

Preparation for the event

1. The day before the scheduled examination, you must follow diet:
   • exclude foods that cause bloating (beans, corn, beans, milk and dairy products, fresh vegetables, freshly squeezed juices, carbonated water and drinks, alcohol);
   • Stewed vegetables, rice and buckwheat cereals, lean meats and fish are best;
   • take food often, in small portions;
   • the last meal is taken before 20:00;
   • Fluid intake may not be limited.
2. Take in the evening Activated carbon, at the rate of 1 tablet per 1 kilogram of body weight, and enzymes(Creon, Panzinorm).
3. Do cleansing enema with saline solution 2 – 3 times until clean water appears.
4. 2 – 4 hours before the examination drink 0.5 - 1 liter of water, since the examination is carried out with a full bladder, which is necessary for better visibility of the ovary.
5. The optimal time to undergo an ovarian ultrasound is 3rd – 5th day of the menstrual cycle.

Description of the procedure

Exists Several variants performing an ultrasound scan of the ovary if a cyst is suspected.

Transabdominal option

• Ultrasound sensor is attached on the anterior surface of the lower abdomen. To obtain a better image, the patient may be asked to turn onto her side.
• The examination is carried out if there is full bladder, in a supine position. To obtain the clearest image, the lower abdomen and the surface of the sensor are lubricated with a special gel.

Transvaginal option

• The ultrasound probe is inserted in the vagina, after putting a condom on him. The shape of the device follows the walls of the vagina.
• Ultrasound performed with an empty bladder, lying on your back with your knees bent.

Transrectal option

• The ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum, after putting a condom on him. This type of examination is carried out in women with a narrow opening to the vagina, in virgins and after childbirth, in which damage to the cervix and vagina was observed.
• Before the examination it is necessary perform a cleansing enema. The patient's position during the examination was lying on the left side with the knees bent and brought to the stomach. Before starting an ultrasound, the doctor performs a digital examination of the rectum to identify cracks, narrowings or hemorrhoids and then inserts a sensor.

Decoding the results

The ovaries are dense organs and are visible on the screen as whitish oval formations that are located on either side of the uterus or slightly behind it. Size the normal ovary is 30x25x15 mm.

Follicles mature on the surface of the ovary, from which the egg is subsequently released. Depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle, the follicle has different sizes.