When to introduce peas. Differences between red, white and black beans

Bean dishes are often present on the table of our compatriots, so when a baby appears in the family and begins to try vegetable complementary foods, mothers are interested in whether it can be given to babies, whether it is useful for children and how to prepare it for the children's menu.

Benefit

• Is valuable source proteins, so it is included in the diet of children who, for one reason or another, cannot consume milk or meat.
• It contains quite a lot of fiber, so this product has a positive effect on digestive function.
• From dishes with beans, the child will receive carotene, B vitamins, vitamin E, as well as vitamins PP, C and K.
• Contains many minerals, including sodium, calcium, iron, copper, iodine and many other substances.
• Its use normalizes blood sugar, removes excess liquid and helps fight bacterial infection.
• Beans are classified as hypoallergenic foods, so they can be included in the diet of children with diathesis.
• It has been noted to have the ability to accelerate the elimination of toxic and harmful compounds from the child’s body.

Beans enrich children's bodies with vitamins, minerals, improve digestion and normalize blood sugar.

Which beans are healthier - white, red or black, see in the program “Live Healthy”.

Even red beans healthier than peas- this is what they say in the program “Live Healthy”. See the next video for more details.

How is it harmful?

Dishes made from mature beans are difficult to digest in the body of a child in the first years of life, so their early introduction into children's diet may cause increased gas formation and constipation.

Eating too large a portion will lead to the same problems, so it is recommended to consume dishes with this type of legume in small quantities.

When to introduce it into complementary foods?

Young beans appear in the diet infant along with other vegetable complementary foods. This green vegetable can be offered to a baby at 7-8 months by making a single-component puree from it or adding a small amount of young vegetables to other vegetables (making a multi-component puree). Green beans can also be found in ready-made jarred purees.

Dry beans are not recommended for use until at least 2 years of age. For a 2-3 year old child, this type of legume in its mature form should be ground and not given as a separate dish, but included in soups or other dishes with several ingredients. It is recommended to prepare it as a separate dish only for three-year-old children and older children. In this case, the serving volume should not exceed 100 g.

As for the frequency of consumption, dishes from it should be offered no more than 2 times a week. Pediatricians, including the popular doctor Komarovsky, advise giving canned beans to a child from at least 3 years of age.

Ripe beans are included in the diet of children no earlier than 2 years old, and preferably even later.

How to enter?

The best option to introduce your baby to green beans is to include a small amount of this young vegetable in vegetable puree or pureed vegetable soup. So the baby will gradually get used to green beans, and his digestive tract can easily digest it.

A little later for the child You can make pureed green beans. To do this, the vegetable is washed and soaked in water for 10-15 minutes. Next, drain the water and fill the pods with a large volume. clean water, bring to a boil and cook until soft, without covering. For the first time, the baby is treated to half a spoon of puree. If the baby does not respond to this product with abdominal pain, changes in stool and other negative symptoms, the volume of the dish is gradually increased.

Introduce green bean puree into your baby’s diet gradually, starting with a minimum portion.

To cook mature beans for a three-year-old, their grains are washed and filled with water for at least 3-4 hours. Cooking such a product involves the use of a significant volume of water and strong boiling. There is no need to cover the pan with a lid, and it is recommended to add salt at the end of cooking (before mashing it).

Legumes are vegetable leaders in protein content

So, let's find out when to start introducing legumes to your child, which ones are preferable and in what form to give them?

Legumes combine the beneficial properties of vegetables and meat. Like other vegetables, they are rich in fiber, which means they have a beneficial effect on intestinal function. At the same time, the protein content in legumes can be compared with its content in meat, and therefore beans give a feeling of fullness for a long time. In addition, legumes contain a large amount of vitamins and minerals. For example, beans contain iron, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, iodine, copper and zinc. This plant is diuretic and antimicrobial actions. It is very important that even after heat treatment, beans retain about 70% of all useful substances.

Green peas are also rich in vitamins and microelements:

• vitamin C
• B vitamins
• folic acid
• iron
• carotene
• magnesium
• selenium

Soybeans and lentils are used in baby food much less often. Meanwhile, soybean is the leader among legumes in terms of content nutrients. It consists of 40% protein, which is absorbed no worse than animal protein.

Soy contains potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, vitamins E, B1, B2, B6, D, beta-carotene, which provide proper development skeletal system, visual acuity, skin elasticity. Important components such as choline, biotin, folic acid have a positive effect on mental activity. Soy is rich in healthy carbohydrates, which are used as a source of nutrients by normal intestinal flora.

Lentils are rich in magnesium, essential for normal operation cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as iron. Like other legumes, lentils contain B vitamins, as well as fatty acid Omega-3 and Omega-6.

However, parents and pediatricians are in no hurry to introduce legumes into their child’s diet. It is believed that they are quite heavy on a small tummy and can cause increased gas formation. True, this is in to a greater extent applies to mature beans.

But a child can be introduced to young green beans as early as 8-9 months. It’s better to start getting acquainted with legumes with products industrial production, since canned products are highly homogeneous, which makes them easier to digest. Start, as when introducing other products, with a minimum amount of half a teaspoon. Then increase the amount of product over several days.

However, until about one and a half years old, you should not give your child legumes in a full serving. The taste of beans or peas harmoniously intertwines with the tastes of other vegetables in multi-component purees. By the way, in the nutrition of older children it is worth considering that beans are much better absorbed with vegetables than with animal protein.

After two years, the child can already be given not only green beans, but also more mature ones. The serving size also increases. True, legumes are still given infrequently and in pureed form - in puree or puree soups. Peas for baby food are shelled. Peeled peas, the grains of which are split in half and partially removed from the shell, contain less coarse fiber, cook quickly and are suitable for small children. Only red lentils are used.

How to cook legumes? Before cooking, sort out the peas, beans or lentils and remove any debris or foreign matter. Rinse thoroughly in cold water, soak in cold boiled water for 3-4 hours. Then boil the legumes in a large amount of water, at a vigorous boil, without a lid. Add salt at the very end of cooking. It is advisable to puree them using a blender.

And then add butter and serve with vegetables, prepare puree soup or make pea or lentil balls. Avoid giving your child raw legumes, such as snow peas. They contain toxic components that are destroyed during heat treatment.

Remember: your child's diet should be varied and balanced. Introducing legumes in moderation will help solve this problem.

With the birth of a baby, every parent thinks about the correctness of his nutrition, the composition of foods and their role in the diet. In this article you will find information about legumes - how to properly introduce them into baby food, about green beans, the benefits and harms of this product.

The nutritional value of legumes is compared to meat. Beans differ from meat only in their low fat content. Despite this, bean dishes are always satisfying. You can prepare it not only by canning it in tomato; there are many recipes for beans for first courses, side dishes and salads.

There are more than 200 types of green beans in the world.

100 grams of this product contain an average of 250 kilocalories.

Vitamins:

• group A;
• group B;
• group E.

Macronutrients:

• potassium;
• sodium;
• phosphorus;
• magic.

Microelements:

• zinc;
• fluorine;
• copper.

Of the nutritional elements in beans greatest number squirrel.

Beneficial features

Due to their low fat content and high protein content, legumes are considered dietary. Green beans saturates the body with energy. For children who cannot eat meat, legume protein is the best option to replace animal protein. It is quickly absorbed by the body, contained in beans. alimentary fiber, improve the digestion process.

Carbohydrates do not affect weight gain, are broken down slowly and do not lead to an increase in blood sugar.

Potassium and magnesium help strengthen the cardiovascular system and are essential for proper heart rhythm.

B vitamins are important for work nervous system. For children with increased excitability the beans will act as a sedative.

Beans also have diuretic properties and have a positive effect on kidney function.

Amino acids speed up metabolism and are important for proper operation liver. And also beans are hypoallergenic product, so it can be given to children without fear negative reaction body.

Harm from eating beans

From a large portion or frequent use Beans may cause bloating and constipation in your baby. The accumulation of gases in the intestines may be accompanied by painful sensations.

When and how to introduce beans into a child’s diet

You can combine beans with broccoli, cauliflower, and potatoes.

The maximum amount of beans consumed per week is 2 servings.

You need to start getting acquainted with a new product with half a teaspoon of puree.

Start preparing dishes containing only beans only from the age of 2. Monitor tolerance to an unfamiliar product.

Soak ripe and dry green beans overnight in cold water. Start preparing these fruits for children from three years, but not more than 100 grams per serving of a one-component dish.

Storing and choosing the right beans

In appearance, the beans should be free of stains and signs of rotting. If you buy frozen green beans , then choose a product with the least amount of ice.

Store beans in hermetically sealed containers, in a place where they will not be exposed to sunlight. Under such conditions, beans can last 6 months.

Red, white, black - what's the difference?

The main difference between white, black and red beans is the composition nutritional value. In general, nothing hyper-different, but some varieties have less of some micro- and macroelements, and some have more.

Black beans contain more folic acid, so they are good for those who suffer from anemia.

Vitamin C predominates in white beans, they strengthen immune system. White beans also win in terms of iron and calcium.

Bean recipes: simple and healthy

Cream soup

Ingredients

• water/broth – 300 ml;
• beans – 50 grams;
• potatoes - ½ potato;
• carrots – ¼ part;
• onions – ¼ part;
• butter – 25 grams;
• salt - to taste.

Preparation

1. Soak the beans in cold water for 2 hours. Then it needs to be boiled until tender.
2. Add grated carrots, chopped onions and potatoes to boiling water or broth. Cook the vegetables for 15 minutes, then add the beans and simmer for another 10 minutes over low heat.
3. Puree the finished soup with a blender, then add butter and bring to a boil again.

Beans with meat

Ingredients

• chicken fillet – 300 grams;
• green beans – 300 grams;
• carrots – 1 pc.;
• onion – 1 pc.;
• tomatoes – 2 pcs.;
• sweet pepper – ½ part;
• vegetable oil;
• salt.

Preparation

1. Peel and cut the vegetables into large pieces. Cut off the tails of the asparagus and plunge it into boiling water for 3 minutes.
2. The meat needs to be cut and fried a little on vegetable oil, fry onions, carrots, peppers in the same oil.
3. Place meat, tomatoes, asparagus and fried vegetables in a saucepan. Fill the dish with a glass of water, add salt and simmer covered for 20 minutes.

The vinaigrette

Ingredients

• beans – 100 grams;
• beets – 1 pc.;
• apple – 1 pc.;
• lemon juice – 1 tsp;
• salt - to taste;
• vegetable oil for dressing.

Preparation

1. The soaked beans need to be boiled until tender. The beans should be soft, but not turn into mush. We also boil the beets.
2. Cut the boiled beets and apple into cubes. Combine ingredients in a bowl, dress salad lemon juice and butter, salt.

Baked eggplant with beans

Ingredients

• eggplant – 1 pc.;
• boiled beans – 100 grams;
• tomato or tomato paste;
• salt.

Preparation

1. Cut the eggplant into strips lengthwise, add a little salt, and leave for 15 minutes so that all the bitterness goes away.
2. Dry the eggplant with a napkin and fry it in vegetable oil.
3. Puree the boiled beans using a blender. Fry the onion until golden brown, mix the beans with the onion.
4. Take a baking dish, place eggplant strips on the bottom, then beans and eggplant again. Grate the tomato on top.
5. The dish is baked in the oven for 30 minutes under foil, then 10 minutes without foil for a golden brown crust.

Conclusion

There are many recipes with beans: soups, side dishes, and so on. Of course, you can go beyond them and combine your baby’s favorite foods with beans.

Wanting to provide the maximum healthy diet child, mothers are interested in how necessary it is children's body beans, and when they can be included in your baby’s diet. Of course, these beans should definitely be consumed by children. Parents just need to properly introduce beans into baby food.

All necessary for the body a complex of nutrients is contained in bean seeds. It is no coincidence that the nutritional value of this legume is compared with meat, from which beans differ only in their low (2%) fat content.

A representative legume is beans, whose homeland is South America, - brought to European countries by Columbus in the 16th century. as an ornamental plant.

And from the 17th century. They began to use it to prepare not only tasty, but also satisfying dishes. Although in China, beans were consumed back in the 13th century, as mentioned in chronicles.

Now more than 200 varieties of beans have already been bred, and everyone knows their nutritional value. In many families, it is consumed quite often; not only first courses, but also side dishes and salads are prepared from beans. The beans are pickled and canned.

Compound

Beans are rich in vitamins, micro- and macroelements. It must be included in the child’s diet.

100 g of these beans contain:

1. Vitamins:

• 0.02 mg beta-carotene ();
• 3.8 mg tocopherol ();
• 0.5 mg thiamine ();
• 0.2 mg riboflavin (vitamin B2);
• 2.1 mg niacin (vitamin PP);
• 90 mcg folic acid(vitamin B 9).

1. Macronutrients:

• 100 mg;
• 150 mg;
• 500 mg phosphorus;
• 40 mg sodium;
• 600 mg potassium.

1. Microelements:

• 1.34 mg manganese;
• 6 mg;
• 0.58 mg copper;
• 3.2 mg;
• 19 mcg cobalt;
• 43 mcg fluoride;
• 12 mcg;
• 39.4 mcg molybdenum.

• proteins 21 g;
• fat 2 g;
• carbohydrates 54.5 g;
• (or dietary fiber) 3.7 g;
• pectin 2.6 g;
• ash 3.5 g;
• water 14 g.

The calorie content of 100 g of this protein-carbohydrate product is on average 220 kcal.

When canning beans, about 80% of the mineral composition and about 70% of the vitamins are preserved.

Benefit

Beans have many beneficial properties:

1. Combination high content easily digestible vegetable and small amount of fat in beans makes it an excellent balanced dietary product, having high energy value.

Especially important source protein beans will be for children who, for whatever reason, do not consume meat and milk.

1. The protein contained in beans is absorbed faster and easier than animal proteins, without creating digestion problems. On the contrary, the dietary fiber contained in beans improves the digestion process.

1. The carbohydrates in this product are sufficient to replenish the body's energy needs, but they do not contribute to the appearance of overweight bodies.

Complex carbohydrates contained in beans are broken down slowly in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, they do not lead to an increase in blood sugar levels, do not require additional amounts of insulin, which would reduce blood glucose levels and thereby contribute to the feeling of hunger, subsequent overeating and fat deposition.

Due to the absence of undesirable effects on carbohydrate metabolism, beans are considered a dietary product that helps prevent not only diabetes, but also the development.

1. Harmonious vitamin and mineral complexes ensure the full function of many organs. Thus, potassium and magnesium are necessary for normal functioning and the correct rhythm of cardiac activity, and prevent blood clots.

1. To transmit nerve impulses and ensure other functions of the nervous system, you cannot do without vitamins from group B, which enter the body with beans. A calming effect of eating beans on the nervous system of children with increased excitability has been noted.

1. The diuretic effect of beans will be useful for children with pathologies of the urinary organs and will help get rid of edema.

1. Essential amino acids, which are not synthesized in the body, but are present in bean seeds (lysine, leucine, valine, etc.), will provide biochemical metabolic processes.

1. Arginine (also essential amino acid) will speed up metabolic processes in the liver cells, which will promote cleansing, elimination toxic substances and restoration of liver tissue.

1. Microelements will ensure the normalization of water and electrolyte balance in the body.

1. Bean fruits also contain biologically active substances, inhibiting the proliferation and growth of malignant tumor cells.

1. Eating beans will enhance secretory function stomach.
2. Considering the hypoallergenic nature of beans, they can be given to children with.
3. It has been observed that eating bean products makes it easier to fight viral and bacterial infections.
4. Significant protein content contributes to accelerated healing and reduction recovery period after operations, injuries.
5. The combination of beneficial substances in bean fruits has positive influence on respiratory function. It is recommended to include it in the diet of children with tuberculosis.
6. The combined effect of iron, copper and B vitamins increases hemoglobin levels at.

Traditional medicine offers recipes using this plant to treat rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, persistent diaper rash in children.

Harm

It is more correct to talk not about the dangers of beans, but about their side effect: increased gas formation and when eating beans. The accumulation of gases in the child's intestines may be accompanied by painful sensations and bloating.

These manifestations are associated with a lack of enzymes necessary for the digestion of polysaccharides.

• This is especially true for children suffering from diarrhea when consuming ripe bean seeds.
• In older children, the same unpleasant phenomena may occur when eating large portions of dishes with beans.
• It is not recommended to give dishes with beans to children suffering from, and.

Allergic reactions on beans are possible, but occur extremely rarely.

How to select and store beans

Beans must be dry and whole, without mold or spots of rotting. When selling in prepackaged form, you should choose clear bags so that you can see the quality.

Beans must be stored in a hermetically sealed glass or ceramic container in a dry, dark place. The fruits can be stored under these conditions for six months.

When and how to introduce beans to children

It is recommended to introduce a child to beans after reaching 7-8 months of age. For infants, you should use young beans, which are first added to the vegetable puree the baby received earlier, or add half a pod of green beans to the soup.

In a multi-component puree, beans go well with other vegetables:

• Brussels sprouts,

Beans should be present in the diet no more than 2 times per week.

To introduce beans into your baby’s diet, you can use ready-made commercially prepared puree, also starting with half a spoon for the first time.

You can prepare a monocomponent puree from young beans only after 2-3 years, and for the first time you can give your baby only half a teaspoon of the prepared puree. If the new product is well tolerated and the child does not react with bloating or changes in stool, then the portion can be gradually increased to 50 g (and at 3 years to 100 g).

• Green beans (that is, young ones) need to be washed and filled with water in containers, leaving for 15 minutes.
• Then the water is drained, and the beans should be cooked in a saucepan (with an uncovered lid) until the grains are soft.
• Salt is added already during the preparation of puree (grinding with a blender or rubbing through a strainer).

To reduce possible gas formation in your baby, it is recommended to add a little mint to the beans.

Young beans can be prepared not only in the form of soup or puree, but also included in salads, casseroles, omelettes, and stews. It goes well with different types cabbage, with other vegetables, with meat.

If you use ripe or dry beans, it is better to cover them with water and leave them overnight. In the morning, drain the water, rinse the beans and cook until tender (about an hour). Ripe beans are used in soups, various salads, and stews.

Ripe (dry) bean fruits are recommended to be used for preparing dishes for children after 3 years of age in combination with other ingredients and in pureed form; they can also be offered as a separate dish, but not more than 100 g. Nutritionists and pediatricians also recommend giving canned beans after 3 years.

Differences between red, white and black beans

It is known that bean fruits have different colors - white, red, black. Mothers, naturally, are interested in the question of which one is healthier, which beans to choose for the child.

More common are varieties with white and red seed colors. But black beans are also growing in popularity. There are differences between the varieties of this legume, both in composition and nutritional value.

• 100 g of white beans contain 7.0 g of protein;
• in red – 8.4 g;
• in black – 8.9 g.

In terms of their composition, black bean proteins are closest to proteins of animal origin, which is important for the nutrition of children who do not eat meat (due to illness or in families).

Black-colored grains also contain more carbohydrates than red and white ones, which is why their calorie content is also different:

• the most high-calorie black beans (341 kcal per 100 g);
• slightly less – red (333 kcal);
• the least is white (102 kcal).

Therefore, black and red beans will quickly help a child regain strength after an illness.

They also differ in the content of minerals and vitamins:

• white grains contain less of them;
• Potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, vitamins B6, B9, PP are more in red beans;
• folic acid, necessary for normal hematopoiesis, in black.

But white beans contain more vitamin C, so this type of bean will help boost a child’s immunity. It also contains an impressive calcium content, which is important for the developing skeletal system of children.

The significant amount of iron in white beans explains doctors’ recommendations to include them in the diet of children with anemia.

Black beans, due to the large amount of oligosaccharides in their composition, activate the intestinal microflora, which uses them in the process of life. And this leads to gas formation and flatulence that is more pronounced than when eating white and red beans.

Beans white They are more often used in first courses, and red and black ones are used in salads, sauces, and side dishes.

Summary for parents

Babies at 7-8 months of age who receive complementary foods should be introduced into their diet with such a healthy herbal product, like beans. The fruits of this legume contain not only valuable proteins, but also a whole complex of useful macro- and microelements and vitamins.

Video about useful properties ah beans:

Who knows how the fate of beans could have turned out if Columbus had not one day brought them to the mainland - this happened only in the 16th century. At first it was grown mainly as ornamental plant, prepare hearty and delicious dishes began later - in the 17th century. This type of legume contains full complex useful substances necessary for a person. In terms of nutritional value, beans are comparable to meat, fundamental difference- it contains only 2% fat. Of course, it must be in the diet of children, and we will tell you at what age it should be included in the menu, how to prepare it, and which children it is contraindicated for.

Beneficial features

The energy value of boiled beans is approximately 123 kcal/100 g. This amount contains about 7–8 g of proteins. This legume is useful for many diseases. Helps with arrhythmia and pathologies of cardio-vascular system, reduces arterial pressure(note to hypertensive patients), improves the condition of children with damage to the nervous system (in combination with traditional therapy). Due to its high protein content it promotes rapid recovery after injuries, surgeries and serious illnesses. We can talk about the beneficial properties of beans for a long time:

• thanks to arginine, it activates the production of urea, the same substance ensures metabolic processes that help reduce blood sugar;
• improves the condition of the respiratory system, in particular, it is useful to use it for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis;
• corrects metabolism - for this reason, beans are included in many diets;
• The zinc contained in this legume normalizes carbohydrate metabolism;
• copper in combination with B vitamins and iron raises hemoglobin; in addition, it promotes the production of adrenaline;
• thanks to sulfur, beans cleanse the skin, it becomes smooth and beautiful; Beans also help cleanse the intestines.

The combination of beneficial substances found in beans helps dissolve kidney stones. Dishes made from it activate the formation of gastric juice. Due to potassium, it helps get rid of excess fluids - this is useful to know for mothers of babies prone to swelling.

Treatment with beans

Due to its many beneficial properties, beans are actively used in folk medicine. Popular use cases:

For rheumatism. Boil 15–20 g of bean husks for 2–3 hours over low heat (pour in 1 liter of water), then cool and strain. Drink daily - up to 5 times 100 ml.

To reduce blood sugar and as a diuretic. Pour 600–650 ml of boiling water over the crushed pods, then simmer in a water bath for 15 minutes, then leave for 40–45 minutes to cool. Strain thoroughly, squeeze out the cake, then add water to the original volume. Drink daily, up to 4 times, 200 ml. To enhance the effect, you can supplement the bean pods with mountain blueberry leaves.

For the treatment of diaper rash. Roast the grains, grind them, and use them as a powder to treat affected areas.

A decoction of bean seeds is used to treat diarrhea in children.

Introduction to diet

Like other legumes, beans are considered heavy foods that place a high burden on digestive system. For this reason, ripe fruits are not prepared for children, only young beans, and not as an independent dish, but as part of soups and vegetable stew- V minimum quantity. IN pure form It is permissible to offer beans to children aged three years and older.

When your child is 9-10 months old, try making him soup with green beans - half a pod per serving will be enough. Please note that this dish is not suitable for children prone to increased gas formation. It is recommended to cook it no more than 1-2 times a week. Later, when the child turns one and a half to two years old, you can offer him bean puree - no more than half a teaspoon; if he accepts it normally, the portion can be gradually increased - up to 50–60 g, by the age of three - up to 100 g.

Precautionary measures

Most often, after eating beans, increased formation in the intestines begins. It is accompanied by unpleasant, sometimes painful sensations and bloating. This reaction is due to a lack of enzymes for processing polysaccharides. To reduce such phenomena, it is recommended to add a little mint to them while cooking legumes.

Main contraindications:

• It is strictly forbidden to give beans to children with gastritis with high acidity;
• ulcers of the digestive system;
• cholecystitis;
• pancreatitis;
• Since beans are rich in purines, they should be excluded from the diet of children with nephritis; they should not be eaten if they have gout.

If the child has chronic diseases, be sure to consult with your pediatrician - he will give individual recommendations and help you avoid mistakes when creating a menu.

Recipes

Creamy bean soup

To prepare this dish, it is better to use white beans. Products: 150 g beans, head onions, 2 table. tablespoons butter, 1 teaspoon flour, herbs - to taste.

Preparation:

• Soak the beans overnight. The next day, drain the water, rinse the grains, add 4 cups of water, bring to a boil, and boil for 45–50 minutes.
• Drain some of the broth (keep about half) and prepare puree.
• Peel the onion, chop, fry until golden brown, gradually add flour, then dilute with broth (poured) so that the consistency becomes thicker, like liquid sour cream. Simmer for 5 minutes.
• Add the frying mixture to the puree, boil, season butter and salt. Before serving, decorate with herbs.

Eggplant with beans

Ingredients: 1 eggplant, 200 g canned (or boiled) beans, small onion, 200–250 g tomatoes (replace in winter tomato sauce), soy sauce, salt - to taste.