Contraceptives for women. What are female contraceptives? The most reliable contraception for women
It's hard to say how barbaric modern methods Our descendants will consider contraception, because the most progressive and safe contraceptives of two hundred years ago look today like an instrument of torture. It is known, for example, that in the Middle Ages women put iron caps on the cervix, lubricated it with a solution of mercury and lead, and inserted pessaries made of steel wire into it, which caused infection and bedsores. reproductive organs. IN different time and in different countries Contraceptives were continually prohibited either by the authorities or by the church, so devices such as a vaginal syringe or a vaginal douche periodically appeared on sale, which were used to cleanse the internal female organs.
Current contraceptives promote the principle of safety and guaranteed protection from unwanted pregnancy. Justified and approved official medicine There are three types of contraceptives: physiological, barrier and medicinal.
- Barrier. Prevents sperm from entering the uterus. The most famous barrier contraceptive is the condom (both male and female). Other barrier contraceptives are intrauterine devices, contraceptive sponges, cervical caps, and spermicides.
- Physiological. Assume sexual intercourse on certain days female cycle when the risk of getting pregnant is minimal. Another method of physiological control is the PPA (coitus interruptus) method.
- Medication. They are presented in tablets, as well as vaginal rings and coils that release hormones that block the onset of ovulation.
When prescribing a woman a certain method of contraception, gynecologists often give her the opportunity to make her own choice. suitable remedy from a number of similar ones. But how to do this if the same drug has dozens of analogues, identical in composition and mode of action? The rating of the best contraceptives takes into account the opinions of other women, the cost of the drugs, the correspondence between the expected effect and the real one, as well as the availability additional benefits and side effects.
We remind you that the information provided below is not a purchase guide. Consultation required with a specialist!
There are contraindications. Consult your doctor.
The best birth control pills
It has long been proven that prolonged absence of pregnancy can impair a woman’s health, causing hormonal disbalance, as well as mental and organ diseases associated with it. The Frenchman Verne Boullot, a historian by profession, spoke about this back in the 19th century: “If a woman is not regularly pregnant, she will suffer from hysteria and from a whole category of somatic symptoms that stimulate almost any kind of physical illness or mental state"At the same time, unwanted pregnancy and abortion can cause no less harm to a woman than a prolonged absence of pregnancy.
Millions of women around the world choose hormonal contraceptives as their preferred method of contraception. They do not affect sensations during sexual intercourse and are guaranteed to protect against unwanted pregnancy and the consequences of its absence. Action hormonal contraceptives based on preventing ovulation. Scientists have calculated that at the time of birth, a girl’s ovaries contain about 1 million follicles capable of becoming eggs, and by the age of 37 only 25,000 remain. Hormonal drugs do not allow the body to ovulate, so a woman’s ovarian reserve remains full. Meanwhile, hormonal pills have not only advantages, but also an impressive list of side effects, often life-threatening.
3 Lactinet
The best contraceptive for adult women
Country: Hungary
Average price: 675 rub.
Rating (2018): 4.6
Unlike Jess and Marvelon, Lactinet contains the only active substance- desogestrel. Belongs to the category of mini-pills (preparations containing minimal amount hormones). Lactinet mini-pills are often prescribed to nursing women with an active menstrual cycle, as well as to those women for whom combined OCs are contraindicated. Lactinet is one of the few oral contraceptives prescribed to women who smoke, as well as women over 45 years of age.
Another feature of the Hungarian OC is that its protective effect against unwanted pregnancy is somewhat lower than that of modern COCs. For this reason, the drug is not recommended for use by women of active reproductive age (up to 30 years). Otherwise, it is a fairly effective contraceptive with less than modern tablets, a list of contraindications and side effects.
Advantages:
- allowed during lactation;
- does not affect weight gain;
- Suitable for those who are intolerant to synthetic estrogens.
Flaws:
- provokes the occurrence of mastopathy;
- disrupts the menstrual cycle during use;
- causes depression;
- causes nausea at the beginning of the course.
2 Marvelon
The most inexpensive remedy
Country: Netherlands
Average price: 1,425 rub.
Rating (2018): 4.8
Combined contraceptive drug from Dutch company Organon. Approved for use by women over 35 years of age, as it contains a reduced amount of active ingredients. In addition to the contraceptive effect, it normalizes the volume of discharge and eliminates pain syndrome during menstruation. Can be used as a means emergency contraception, but not more than once in 6 months. The effectiveness of Marvelon as a post-coital remedy does not exceed 80%.
According to women who took Marvelon, the drug has Negative influence on the ability to get pregnant if used for many years, so it is recommended to take these tablets in courses. Considering increased risk occurrence of thrombosis, before taking the drug it is recommended to undergo examination by a hematologist, hepatologist and vascular surgeon.
Advantages:
- is inexpensive;
- normalizes the cycle;
- increases libido.
Flaws:
- causes acne;
- thickens the blood;
- increases appetite.
1 Jess
The best birth control pills
Country: Germany
Average price: 922 rub.
Rating (2018): 4.9
Jess is a combined oral contraceptive from the German pharmaceutical company Bayer. The active ingredients are drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol. Used to protect against unwanted pregnancy, when severe forms PMS, and also for the treatment of acne. The contraceptive effect of the pill is based on blocking ovulation and changing the quality of cervical mucus, which becomes too thick for sperm to move through.
Unlike other COCs with the same active ingredient, the Jess formula has been improved: it uses drospironene of the latest (4th) generation, and each tablet contains 1.5 times less ethinyl estradiol than other COCs. For this reason, Jess is less likely than other drugs to cause swelling, mastopathy and weight gain.
Advantages:
- eliminates menstrual pain;
- improves skin condition.
Flaws:
- the cycle takes a long time to recover after completing the Jess course;
- addictive;
- reduces libido;
- causes migraines.
The best contraceptive suppositories
Contraceptive suppositories belong to the category of spermicidal contraceptives. The principle of action of chemical spermicides is to destroy the sperm membrane: interacting with sperm, the components of the drug destroy their membrane, separate the head from the tail, depriving them of the ability to move. Particularly strong sperm, however, are still able to reach the egg and fertilize it. This may result in the birth of a child with certain physical deformities. This relationship has not been proven, but many women testify to it. It is not recommended to use such contraceptives regularly, because the acids contained in the suppositories can have a negative effect on the condition of the vaginal mucosa, as well as on the cervix. Suppositories do not have the highest contraceptive ability. According to statistics, 15 out of 100 women who use contraceptive suppositories become pregnant within a year.
Thus, contraceptive suppositories are a convenient birth control option for women who rarely have sex. Suppositories are ideal as an additional contraceptive - when the pill regimen has been disrupted or during the completion of lactation. Undoubted advantages such a method of contraception are the lack systemic impact on the body and the preservation of intimate sensations.
3 Gynekotex
The best cost of contraceptive suppositories
Country Russia
Average price: 140 rub.
Rating (2018): 4.7
Ginekotex suppositories use the same active ingredient as Pharmatex suppositories - benzalkonium chloride, so these products are similar. Fundamental difference Ginekotex from Pharmatex - in cost: Russian suppositories are about 3 times cheaper than German ones. Some women note that these suppositories dissolve slightly less well in the vagina and produce more foam.
Advantages:
- are inexpensive;
- do not cause burning;
- protect against infections.
Flaws:
- take a long time to dissolve.
2 Patentex Oval
The most popular remedy
Country: Germany
Average price: 370 rub.
Rating (2018): 4.5
The main active ingredient in Pantex Oval is nonoxynol. Included in many contraceptives as a lubricant: thanks to its spermicidal properties, it enhances contraceptive effect cervical caps, condoms, sponges and vaginal films. When interacting with a sperm, it damages its membrane, thereby depriving it of the ability to dissolve the egg membrane. The time required to destroy the sperm is 40 seconds (10 times longer than Pharmatex). The drug does not have bactericidal and antiviral properties, therefore cannot be used as protection against STIs. There are studies showing that nonoxynol contributes to the incidence of certain types of human papillomavirus in humans.
Advantages:
- effective;
- dissolve quickly;
- have a stimulating effect.
Flaws:
- have an unpleasant odor;
- cause itching;
- foams excessively.
1 Pharmatex
The best contraceptive suppositories
Country: France
Average price: 349 rub.
Rating (2018): 4.8
The main component of the drug is benzalkonium chloride. This drug has been used in medicine since 1935. It has not only a contraceptive effect, but also an antiviral effect (protects against infection by viruses herpes simplex), antifungal and antiprotozoal. The substance has an immediate effect on the sperm: its shell is completely destroyed within 10 seconds after contact with benzalkonium chloride. The rest of the drugs in this group require at least 30 seconds. Due to irritation of the mucous membrane of the vagina and cervix, the drug is able to increase the volume of mucus released, which has an additional contraceptive effect.
Advantages:
- have a pleasant smell;
- dissolve in 5 minutes;
- protect against infections.
Flaws:
- cause irritation;
- do not open well;
- I provoke too much mucus.
The best intrauterine contraceptive devices
The intrauterine device is a contraceptive device that has been well known since the times of Ancient China. In the past, spirals were made of aluminum wire and wood, and today they are made of hypoallergenic plastic impregnated with anti-inflammatory compounds. In terms of its action, the spiral is classified as a barrier, abortifacient and spermicide at the same time.
- Decreased fertility. The presence of an inflammatory process in the uterus promotes the production of proteins that inhibit the maturation of the egg. As a result, ovulation is inhibited and fertilization does not occur.
- Abortive effect. Located inside the uterus, the IUD negatively affects the endometrium, inhibiting its growth and ability to accept a fertilized egg. In essence, the IUD provokes a miscarriage early stages pregnancy.
- Spermicidal effect. In response to the located spiral, superficial inflammation occurs inside the uterus. As a result of inflammation, the alkaline environment in the uterus is replaced by an acidic one, which is harmful to sperm and contributes to their destruction. To increase the acidity of the intrauterine space, copper is additionally used in the coils, which stimulates the secretion of acidic secretions.
- Barrier contraceptive effect. Inflammatory process causes irritation of the cervical canal, which, in turn, produces increased amount thick cervical mucus, which prevents sperm from penetrating into the uterus.
Intrauterine devices (IUD) - reliable and effective method preventing unwanted pregnancy, which, however, is associated with the creation of a focus of chronic infection in the body.
3 Spiral Nova T
The most affordable is not hormonal IUD
A country: Germany (made in Finland)
Average price: 800 rub.
Rating (2018): 4.6
Nova T is a non-hormonal IUD shaped like the letter T. Its base is made of hypoallergenic plastic, which is wrapped in copper wire. In order to enhance X-ray permeability, barium sulfate is added to the plastic - it allows you to determine the position of the spiral during x-ray examination, if required.
Advantages:
- not noticeable by partners during sex;
- has an affordable price.
Flaws:
- provokes copious discharge during menstruation;
- enhances painful sensations during menstruation;
- reduces libido.
2 Mirena
The best hormonal IUD
Country: Finland
Average price: 11,500 rub.
Rating (2018): 4.7
Mirena belongs to the category of hormone-containing spirals, therefore its principle of action is similar to that of hormonal tablets. The fundamental difference is only in the method of delivering hormones to the body. True, according to some women, the hormonal IUD, unlike OK, does not cause increased appetite, does not provoke swelling and does not irritate the digestive system. Like Multiload, Mirena is installed for 5 years.
Advantages:
- normalizes hormonal levels;
- inexpensive hormonal contraceptive;
- reliably protects against pregnancy.
Flaws:
- requires large one-time expenses;
- causes back pain;
- contraindicated in the presence of benign tumors.
1 Multiload
The best intrauterine device
Country: Ireland
Average price: 2800 rub.
Rating (2018): 4.8
Multiload is a spiral made of plastic and copper. It looks like a rounded T with uneven surfaces that prevent the device from slipping out of the uterus. Aseptic inflammation in the uterus is provoked by a copper wire wrapped around a plastic carrier. Interacting with an alkaline environment, copper wire releases about 30 mcg of copper oxide daily. The contraceptive effect of Multiload lasts for 5 years.
Advantages:
- reliably protects against pregnancy;
- economical;
- doesn't fall out.
Flaws:
- provokes inflammation;
- increases the duration of menstruation;
- causes discomfort after installation.
The best barrier contraceptives
Barrier contraception is the oldest, cheapest, most universal and widespread method of contraception. A typical representative of this category is a condom. Less known are contraceptive sponges and rings, cervical caps, vaginal films and diaphragms, as well as chemical barrier agents (suppositories, aerosols, gels). There are practically no contraindications to the use of these drugs, so they are ideal for those who are intolerant to OCs or IUDs. Some of the barrier contraceptives can prevent premature ejaculation in men, protect against STIs and allergic reactions on ejaculate in women. Main disadvantage barrier agents is that they only act at the moment of their use. Our rating includes the best barrier contraceptives - the Nuvaring ring and Pharmatex sponges.
2 Pharmatex contraceptive sponges
The best spermicide
Country: France
Average price: 65 rub.
Rating (2018): 4.7
Contraceptive sponges as barrier method have been used by women for many centuries: in ancient times they were sea sponges soaked in oils, and today they are polyurethane foam soaked in chemical spermicidal compounds. Pharmatex sponges use benzalkonium chloride as a spermicide. Unlike contraceptive suppositories, the sponge has not only a spermicidal effect, but also a mechanical one - it physically prevents the penetration of sperm into the cervix. Having installed the sponge, partners can immediately begin PA, and in the event of repeated sexual intercourse, they will not need to insert a new sponge into the vagina, since it retains its effect throughout the day.
Advantages:
- does not leak;
- convenient to insert;
- long lasting;
- has a pleasant smell.
Flaws:
- inconvenient to remove;
- difficult to find in pharmacies.
1 Nuvaring contraceptive ring
The best hormonal contraceptive
Country: Netherlands
Average price: 1050 rub.
Rating (2018): 4.8
Nuvaring is one of the methods hormonal contraception, which, however, uses a fundamentally different method of administering hormones - vaginal. Thanks to this, the hormone does not pass through the liver and gastrointestinal tract, and therefore does not affect them negative impact. The ring releases the minimum required amount of hormone throughout the day, which eliminates hormonal surges throughout the day (as is the case with oral contraceptives) and creates an even hormonal background. Another advantage of the product is the confidentiality of its use: the ring is easy to install yourself, it is not felt during sexual intercourse and does not require removal after. Duration of action - 3 weeks. After 21 days, the ring is removed, and after 7 days it is installed again.
Advantages:
- installed once a month;
- does not cause nausea;
- has less pronounced side effects compared to OK.
Flaws:
- sometimes falls out when straining;
- causes headaches;
- provokes the development of vaginitis;
- allergic;
- increases appetite.
Hello, dear guests and visitors of my blog! Today we will talk about an important topic for any woman -. Modern pharmaceuticals offer a huge number of them. Moreover, each has its own principle of action, features of use and contraindications.
Many people prefer non-hormonal contraceptives for women after 30 years of age different shapes release. The drugs are available in the form of suppositories, gels and tampons. Let's figure out how to choose the optimal product and what should be taken into account.
So, how do non-hormonal drugs work? modern drugs. These products are designed to create a barrier between the sperm and the egg, which prevents the process of fertilization.
Not hormonal agents classified into two types:
- mechanical;
- medicinal.
Such remedies are suitable for those for whom hormones are contraindicated. Non-hormonal pills are called that only, but they are not used for oral administration. They are inserted inside the vagina.
The funds are also presented in the following forms:
- creams;
- ointments;
- candles;
- vaginal balls.
They contain spermicides. These are the components that a short time destroy spermatozoa and prevent them from entering the fallopian tubes. The active ingredient is nonoxynol or benzalkonium chloride.
Here's how these contraceptives work:
- Spermicides affect sperm and stop their movement.
- When interacting with the head of the sperm, the membrane is destroyed.
- There is an accumulation of mucus in cervical canal cervix, which slows down the movement of sperm.
In addition, these tools create protective barrier from fungi and infections transmitted during sexual intercourse. This is facilitated by substances with antimicrobial and bactericidal effects.
Non-hormonal drugs are used 10 minutes before sexual intercourse. During this period of time, the composition turns into cream or foam. The active component lasts 3-4 hours. Each time you need to use a new suppository or tablet.
Indications for use
It is not always possible to use non-hormonal agents. There are also some restrictions.
- If hormonal drugs are contraindicated.
- During lactation periods.
- For gynecological problems.
- If other means are prohibited, for example, a spiral.
- For problems with the menstrual cycle.
- For allergies to latex and hormones.
- For endocrine diseases.
This the best means for women who do not have regular sex life. New generation drugs do not need to be taken regularly.
To find out the reliability of drugs for preventing pregnancy, the Pearl index is used.
It shows how many unplanned conceptions occur in one hundred women per year when using some kind of contraceptive. For non-hormonal medications, the index varies within - 3-21 .
If compared with interrupted coitus, then there is a meaning 18-27 . Use of condoms and hormonal agents indicator – 2-5 .
Advantages and disadvantages
- Safe to use for both partners.
- Can be used after 30-40 years.
- They have practically no contraindications.
- An additional method of protection for lactational amenorrhea.
- Used as a lubricant.
- Does not have a negative effect on the body after sexual intercourse.
- No need to apply every day.
- The risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections is reduced.
- The risk of unwanted pregnancy with a broken condom is reduced.
- Side effects are minimized.
- The risk of cervical disease is reduced.
Minuses:
- Can be used at a designated time before sexual intercourse.
- You cannot take a shower or bath for some time.
- Side effects may occur in the form of itching and irritation of the skin.
- It is not recommended to use during regular sexual activity, as dysbacteriosis may develop.
Popular drugs
Now let's find out which effective ones can be found in the pharmacy.
Pharmatex
The medicine has a wide range of release forms. It is produced in the form of suppositories, tablets, creams, tampons and capsules. The main component of the drug is benzalkonium chloride.
The drug is used as follows:
- The cream is administered using the applicator that comes with the package. It begins to act immediately, and the spermicidal effect lasts 10 hours. To administer the cream, you need to take a horizontal position.
- Suppositories, capsules and tablets are administered 10 minutes before sexual intercourse, but the tablets must first be moistened with water. The spermicidal effect lasts approximately 3 hours, but it is one-time.
A tampon can be effective for up to 24 hours. The drug prevents the occurrence of infections such as herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea and trichomoniasis.
The price depends on the release form. Candles in a package of 10 pieces cost 300-380 rubles. And 12 pieces of vaginal tablets - 250 rubles. Cream 350 rubles.
Gynekotex
Gynekotex is produced in the form of vaginal tablets, which are shaped like a ring. The medication is effective against staphylococci, streptococci, coli and herpes virus.
The tablet is inserted along the anterior wall of the vagina 10-5 minutes before sexual intercourse. The contraceptive effect remains about four hours. The cost of the drug is approximately 100 rubles.
Benatex
The cost of this product is 250-300 rubles. It comes in the form vaginal tablets. Is different antimicrobial effect against chlamydia, fungi, gonococci and staphylococci. The tablet is injected deeply.
In this case, you need to try to reach the cervix. This should be done 10 minutes before intercourse. The drug is active for three hours.
Contraceptin T
The medicine contains such active ingredients as boric acid, tannin and hydroxyquinoline sulfate. It is produced in the form of candles.
Oxyquiline has a spermicidal effect, boric acid provides an acidic environment and also prevents the survival of sperm.
Tannin promotes uniform distribution of components.
Candles are used just before sexual intercourse. The action will begin after the candle dissolves, after 10-15 minutes. The effect lasts for two hours.
Nanoxylol
In addition to contraceptive effects, this drug is also effective against a variety of sexually transmitted pathogens. When using this medication An allergic reaction rarely occurs.
Suppositories are used 10-15 minutes before sexual intercourse. The drug does not lose its effect for several hours, but re-application is required before each intimacy. 
Patentex Oval
Main active ingredient The product is nonoxylol. The disadvantage of suppositories is their short-term effect. They are effective within an hour. It is used in the same way as other means. Administer 15 minutes before sexual intercourse.
Contraindications
But hormonal medications also have some contraindications that you need to be aware of. For example, they cannot be used for damage to the vaginal mucosa.
It is prohibited to use such medications in the presence of allergic reactions. At correct use non-hormonal drugs will help out with restrictions on other funds.
Remember that when using any product, it is recommended to consult a doctor. Do not prescribe medications for yourself, even if they are non-hormonal..
Different methods of contraception at a certain age may have serious contraindications and this is the main problem when choosing them. How to choose contraceptives for women over 30, and what methods are the safest?
Combined oral contraceptives
The most acceptable and effective method protection remains hormonal contraception. Such drugs are additional prevention endometriosis, irregularities in the menstrual cycle and infertility.
Considering the composition of the drug, you can choose one suitable for any age category.
| View | Description |
| Microdosed | Suitable for women before childbirth and those who use such products for the first time. Side effects are minor due to minimal possible dosage. This category includes the following list of tablets:
|
| Low dosage | Drugs in this category are prescribed to women who have not given birth, but have abandoned the previous group of drugs due to intolerance.
|
| Highly dosed | IN medicinal purposes drugs with a high dose of sex hormones are prescribed.
|
When choosing combined oral contraceptives, you should take into account not only the woman’s age and the composition of the drug, but also the presence of addictions and concomitant diseases, and the general rhythm of life.
Contraindications
Combination contraceptive pills are not used in the following cases:
- liver diseases;
- severe diabetes mellitus;
- thrombophlebitis, strokes or heart attacks;
- heavy smoking.
If you have irregular sexual relations and if the woman has not given birth, it is better to give preference to vaginal contraceptives in the form of tablets without hormones, suppositories, creams or a hormonal vaginal ring.
Selection of contraceptives by phenotype
To select a suitable contraceptive, you should first go through medical examination, based on the results of which the gynecologist will draw conclusions. The following table of phenotypes will help you make your own choice.
Only the most common agents corresponding to a specific phenotype are indicated.
The indications are more than conditional, so it is better to still undergo an examination and consult with your gynecologist.
Alternative to tablets
Contraceptives for modern women different age categories are not limited to tablets and include the following methods.
The prices for the mentioned methods are in completely different ranges, as is their effectiveness, so you should approach the choice thoroughly and enlist the support of a gynecologist.
Birth control after 30?
Minidose drugs are optimal for this age, since changes occur in hormonal levels. The concentration of hormones in in this case higher compared to microdosed drugs. At the same time, the risk of endometriosis, fibroids and other sexual pathologies is reduced.
Forget about the myth that says that a woman cannot become pregnant during menopause: the likelihood of conceiving still exists.
It is after 30 years that it is worth starting to switch to mini-pills if menstruation is heavy and prolonged.
In this case, there is only one hormone - progestin, which thickens the cervical mucus and promotes complete exfoliation of the endometrium. Allowed for use during lactation.
Contraception after 35 years
At the age of 35-39 years, decline occurs reproductive system, the production of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries decreases.
Contraception must meet the following requirements: a good tolerability profile, a minimum side effects, safety and reliability, because chronic pathologies in this age period, they become more acute, and the risk of cardiovascular diseases and thrombosis increases.
It is forbidden to install intrauterine device after 35 years due to an increase in gynecological pathologies.
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) not only have a profile effect, but also reduce insulin resistance, prevent the development of osteoporosis, and reduce the level of uterine bleeding against the background of uterine fibroids or adenomyosis. The names of the following remedies are most common:
Contraceptives are selected taking into account your health status and lifestyle. Diseases of various etiologies, obesity and smoking can not only reduce the effectiveness of medications taken, but also aggravate health conditions.
Contraception after 40 years
At the age of 40-45, the chances of getting pregnant are 10% but, oddly enough, contraception is still important.
In 30% of cases some menstrual cycles are still accompanied by ovulation, so conception is possible and when pregnancy occurs, the risk of pathologies and congenital anomalies of the fetus is higher than ever. Against the background of an abortion, oncology of the genital organs or severe menopausal syndrome may develop.
If PMS is severe, menstrual flow is heavy and dysfunctional uterine bleeding, it is forbidden to choose contraceptives on your own.
Among the most suitable drugs for women of this age:
There are no side effects in this case, or the drug is more useful than dangerous.
Contraceptives after 50 years
Late reproductive age- the worst period to conceive a child, since pregnancy is accompanied by chronic extragenital pathology, which leads to maternal and perinatal mortality in 15% of cases.
Hormonal contraceptives must meet the following requirements:
- slowing down aging;
- normalization of the menstrual cycle;
- elimination of ovulatory pain;
- prevention of metabolic disorders;
- leveling the symptoms of menopause;
- reliability.
Estrogen + gestagen COCs meet these requirements. After your last menstrual period, you still need to take the medications for a year. A woman makes a decision to stop taking it individually.
Selecting contraceptives is a serious task, the implementation of which requires knowledge of such nuances as age, lifestyle, smoking and accompanying illnesses. When making your own choice, be sure to consult a gynecologist.
0Many married couples who are active sex life, are thinking about reliable methods of contraception. The gynecologist offers many modern options, such as the use of condoms, spermicides, insertion of a device into the uterine cavity and, of course, the use of birth control pills. The latter, due to their ease of use, accessibility and effectiveness, are especially in demand among women of childbearing age.
Today pharmaceutical companies represent a wide range of hormonal products that protect against unplanned pregnancy. Despite the fact that birth control pills can be purchased at a pharmacy without a prescription, a woman should definitely consult with her doctor to make sure that her choice is correct.
Hormonal-based drugs have a number of contraindications that can cause a serious blow to the health of a young body.
Birth control pills - brief information and classification
Birth control pills - oral contraceptives(OC) are widely used all over the world and are considered the most effective in terms of protection against unplanned pregnancy. These drugs are used by millions of women in civilized countries. Before prescribing tablets, the doctor takes into account such aspects as the presence of diseases of the reproductive system organs, disorders hormonal balance in general, as well as the age category of the patient who contacted him.
All birth control pills are divided into two classes: combination pills and mini-pills.
Combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
These products contain synthetic hormones - estrogen and progesterone, which temporarily “turn off” the paired organs responsible for the safety, maturity and release of the follicle - the ovaries. Consequently, the egg involved in conception is not produced, which means that conception will not occur.
"Minimal pills", or mini-pills
Birth control pills contain low doses of progestin (300–500 mcg), which is an artificial version of progesterone. Hormone promotes character change cervical mucus, significantly thickening it. This becomes a real obstacle to the penetration of the male reproductive cell into the uterus for subsequent meeting with the egg.
If conception does occur, then others are triggered protective functions. The action of progestin changes the internal lining tissue of the uterus, so the attachment of the egg and subsequent engraftment is not possible. Along with this, changes in peristalsis are observed fallopian tubes responsible for transporting the fertilized egg to the smooth muscle organ in which pregnancy develops (the uterus). Also, in half of the cases, ovulation is blocked (egg maturation).
Thanks to soft action, “mini-pill” contraceptive pills are prescribed even to those women who have contraindications to taking COCs (for example, breastfeeding). Preparations of the “minimal pills” group – “Charozetta”, “Laktinet”, “Mikronor”, “Ovret”.
Typically, by the age of 30, many women who already have children think about the need for subsequent pregnancies. Also by this age certain functional changes hormonal levels, negatively affecting the condition of hair, nails and skin.
Thus, taking some birth control pills for women after 30 years of age will allow them to immediately “kill two birds with one stone” - protect against unplanned pregnancy, and also improve (sometimes even slightly rejuvenate) appearance. The main thing is to make the right choice.
Many women ask their doctor about how effective birth control pills are and which ones are better after 30? Typically, gynecologists at this age recommend single-phase oral contraceptives.
Sometimes the doctor is asked which birth control pills are best for those giving birth? If a woman has already given birth, then drugs are prescribed those that contain low and average dose active hormones. – “Jess”, “Logest”, “Lindynet”.
Mini-pill contraceptive pills at 35 years old: why exactly them?
IN in rare cases Women after thirty-five years of age decide to have a child. In addition, at this age, every third representative of the fairer sex has problems with overweight, diseases of the reproductive system and hormonal imbalances. Given these facts, are birth control pills even necessary after age 35? Which ones are better to choose?
Contraceptive pills "mini-pills", unlike COCs, do not affect body weight, which is an important aspect for every representative of the fairer sex. In addition, “minimal pills” help to a small extent to cope with reproductive dysfunction, so they can be safely taken for “women’s” diseases (not of an oncological nature).
Safety, lack of toxicity, minimal content of hubbub - all this is typical for the “mini-pill”.
Psychologists also highlight interesting fact. Many girls who smoked in their youth, during pregnancy and after the birth of a child tried to quit addiction. However, when the children grew up, some women returned to smoking again. Usually this “turning point” period of life occurs precisely at the age of 35 years.
The fact of nicotine addiction must be reported to the doctor, since birth control pills and smoking, acting simultaneously on the body, double the risk of thrombosis and cholesterol plaques in blood vessels.
Subsequently, this can lead to atherosclerosis, stroke, heart attack, as well as disruption of the blood supply to the myocardium.
“Mini-pill” tablets, which have a “lighter” effect, are allowed for nicotine addiction. Smoking women after 35 they can use these contraceptive pills only after a preliminary examination!
The number of forty-year-old representatives of the fairer sex who want to become a “young” mother is sharply declining. In addition, women are already “accumulating” chronic diseases, which can adversely affect the course of pregnancy.
Geneticists also note that after 40 years, there is a high probability of chromosomal mutations, and one of the most common is Down syndrome. Doctors often recommend using birth control pills to protect against unplanned pregnancy. Which ones are better after 40 years?
This age is characterized by excessive production of the hormone estrogen, which subsequently leads to the proliferation of endometrial cells (disease - endometriosis), the formation of dysplasia and polyposis of the uterine cavity (precancerous conditions).
To prevent and inhibit development pathological course It is recommended to use the hormone progesterone, which is contained in sufficient quantities in mini-pill tablets.
These birth control pills also thicken the mucus in the vestibule of the cervix, inhibit ovulation, thereby preventing sperm from penetrating into the uterine cavity.
“Emergency” birth control pills (72 hours)
Sometimes women find themselves in an unexpected “open” situation intimacy, in other words, when male seed ended up in the vagina (for example, when a condom breaks). In this case, there is a high risk of pregnancy and, if it is undesirable, you can drink it within 3 days hormonal drug, helping to suppress ovulation.
There are two types of action of hormonal drugs: based on an active synthetic progestogen (levonorgestrel) and a steroidal antiprogestogen component (mifepristone). Contraceptive pills after the act: “Postinor”, “Escapelle”, “Eskinor F”.
It should be remembered that hormonal “emergency” pills contain a huge concentration of hormones, so these drugs should not be taken systematically. According to the instructions for use, the permissible frequency of their use is once a quarter.
It should also be borne in mind that hormonal remedies for unplanned conception do not protect against bacterial, viral and fungal infections, which can be transmitted from a sick person to a healthy partner during sexual intercourse. Tablets should be used by partners who are completely confident in each other’s health. In situations where casual sex is planned, it is better to additionally use a condom to protect yourself from dangerous diseases.
Regular sex life requires choice suitable methods protection against unwanted pregnancy. The use of popular and affordable condoms has a lot of advantages, because they not only help prevent unwanted conception, but also reliably prevent many unpleasant ailments that can be transmitted during sexual contact. But if you have a permanent partner, you don’t really want to use them. And hormonal contraceptives, in particular pills, can be a good alternative. Let's clarify which birth control pills are best to take after 30 years.
Answering the question about the best contraceptives For women over thirty years of age, it is first of all worth noting that all questions about hormonal contraception should be discussed with your doctor. Such medicines are not one hundred percent safe, they have a number of contraindications for use and can provoke the occurrence of many adverse reactions. They should be selected purely individually.
Which drugs in tablet form are suitable for women over 30?
There are different birth control pills on the market, differing in the amount and combination of hormones. When choosing the optimal remedy, you need to focus not only on age, but also on the presence of a history of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as concomitant pathologies.
Most hormonal contraceptives contain estrogen and testerone. These hormones support the full functioning of the endometrium in the uterus, as well as its normal changes. Some drugs contain stable amounts active substances in each tablet, they are classified as monophasic. Others combine hormones in different amounts and are called biphasic or triphasic.
There are also medications on sale that do not contain estrogens. They are called mini-pills and include only progesterone. Such medications are prescribed to women with nicotine addiction. Of these, at the age of over 30 years the following are often prescribed as contraceptives:
Charosette;
- Microlute;
- Exluton;
- Lactinet, etc.
In some cases, women over thirty years of age may be prescribed medications with minimum dosage active ingredients. They are also called microdosing. They rarely cause side effects. These types of drugs are optimal nulliparous women, as well as those who have never used hormonal contraception before. Such medications can also be prescribed to patients whose age has exceeded thirty-five years, before the onset of menopausal changes. Microdosed contraceptives are represented by:
Claira;
- Jess;
- Logest;
- Novinet, etc.
Next group hormonal pills for contraception - these are low-dose drugs. They can be prescribed to patients for whom the previous option with the minimum dosage was not suitable. Also, these medications usually become the drugs of choice for women whose age has crossed the thirty-year mark and who have already given birth. With the right selection, low-dose contraceptives can improve the condition of the skin or hair, as well as improve the psycho-emotional state. Among them:
Diana-35;
- Midiana;
- Yarina;
- Lindinet-30;
- Janine;
- Regulon, etc.
There are also hormonal contraceptive medications on sale, which are characterized by a high dosage of sex hormones. Doctors prescribe them only for therapeutic purposes, for example, to correct if necessary hormonal disorders or for protection during the period of any treatment. Among them:
Tri-regol;
- Ovidon;
- Non-ovolone;
- Triziston, etc.
What do the doctor's say?
In order to choose the optimal means of hormonal contraception at the age of over thirty years, you need to clearly understand what this age gives in terms of restrictions. Thus, all combined medications for contraception, as we have already found out, contain two active components - estrogens with progesterone. Estrogens can increase blood clotting, which increases the likelihood of developing thrombosis. And thromboses are quite dangerous conditions, since blockage by blood clots blood vessels is fraught with the occurrence of insufficiency of some internal organs and can be fatal. Therefore, many doctors are wary of using combined agents contraception in women whose age has crossed the thirty-year mark. After all, with age, the likelihood of thrombosis increases naturally, and drugs of this type enhance it several times (according to statistics, five times). Additionally, the risk of such a complication increases the presence of:
Nicotine addiction;
- thromboembolism in close relatives;
- excessive weight;
- high level cholesterol;
- migraine;
- autoimmune diseases;
- disturbances in the activity of the heart and blood vessels;
- a period of prolonged immobility (after surgical interventions, injuries, etc.).
The presence of all the conditions described above requires the use of combined hormonal medications for contraception with extreme caution and only under the constant and careful supervision of a physician. In such situations, it is better to use only monophasic drugs with a low dosage of active components (where the estrogen level does not exceed 35 mcg). At high risk thrombosis, gynecologists often advise giving preference to single-component medications - mini-pills.