Brown rash in a child. Rash on a child's body

Rash is a common childhood problem

Skin rashes in children are a common occurrence. Redness, induration and other reactions can be associated with a variety of reasons, and only a doctor should make a diagnosis. Sometimes a child’s rash can be removed with the simplest means, but in other cases, hospital treatment may be required.

Types of rashes in children and their causes

A rash is any pathological change on the skin, the color, relief and density of which differ in any way from normal skin:

• spots - flat areas without swelling that are red, pink or whitish;
• blisters - convex, dense or with a cavity inside;
• pustules - ulcers;
• papules are small compactions without cavities.

The rash can be local, but sometimes the rash spreads throughout the body with or without fever. They are called:

• allergies to food, contact agents and household chemicals;
• infectious diseases of bacteriological and viral nature;
• insect bites and other skin injuries.

Allergies and insect bites are only part of the causes of rashes

Basic rules for dealing with rashes

1. If a rash appears in a child, you should immediately consult a doctor;

2. It is not recommended to use any medications independently, without prescription - self-medication can worsen the child’s condition;

3. If a hemorrhagic rash is detected (local hemorrhages that do not go away when pressed with a finger), you need to urgently call an ambulance - this is how meningitis can manifest itself.

Skin rashes in children: common types

Prickly heat

Miliaria occurs in young children in hot weather, when the room temperature is excessively high, or when the child is dressed too tightly. The rashes look like small reddish or transparent blisters, concentrated in skin folds or localized in the form of a “necklace” - around the neck, on the shoulders, chest and partly the chin. They are not dangerous in themselves, but they can be bothersome. With prickly heat, the rash usually itches, and when scratched it begins to hurt.

To cope with such irritation, you need to make sure that the child is not sweating because he is hot - the air around him should be moderately cool, and clothes should not rub the skin in the area of ​​the rash. After consulting with a doctor and ruling out other diseases, you can proceed to the second step - delicately drying the rash. A pharmacy tincture of calendula, diluted with boiled water in a 1:1 ratio, is best suited for this. The solution is applied lightly, without rubbing. It is absolutely forbidden to use creams, panthenol or oils for prickly heat - this will worsen the condition of the child’s skin.

Miliaria rash in a child - photo

Allergy

The skin of a child prone to allergies may react to irritants in different ways:

• dermatitis - contact dermatitis manifests itself in the form of itching, burning, due to which the baby scratches the skin until it bleeds; atopic dermatitis is characterized by roughening and formation of crusts in the folds and on the cheeks;
• diathesis - red scaly rashes, often accompanied by crying, irritability and sleep disturbances;
• eczema - raised lesions on the face and neck, hands and ankles that become crusty, crack and itch.
• urticaria - red or orange convex, swollen spots of varying shapes and severity; whitish liquid may accumulate inside large ones.

Important: if you notice hives in a child, the lesions increase in size, the lips, eyelids and fingers swell, and angioedema, which is dangerous to health, may develop. If such changes are detected, you should immediately call an ambulance. If a child is allergic, parents should always have effective antihistamines with them.

Photo: what does a hives rash look like?

Therapy for allergies should be comprehensive - the doctor prescribes medications that will quickly relieve local symptoms, support the immune system and protect against unpleasant complications.

Reaction to a bite

An insect bite - a wasp, a bee, a midge, a mosquito - is often painful, and after mechanical damage, the skin in the affected area may become red, swollen and painful. This is how reactions to a bite, for example, from a mosquito, manifest themselves. Cold compresses or antihistamine lotions, for example, Fenistil children's gel, help cope with these symptoms. After a midge bite, the skin becomes covered with a scattered rash. The most dangerous bites are from bees, wasps, hornets and other lancet-bellied insects. The bite is very painful, and the insect's venom can cause severe reactions, including swelling of the respiratory tract. If a child is bitten by a bee or wasp, you need to carefully monitor the baby's condition for several hours. If your baby becomes lethargic, his face swells and his arms become weak, immediate medical attention is needed.

Diseases that cause a rash to appear on a child’s body

Skin reactions often accompany acute childhood illnesses; a rash can be either the main symptom or part of mixed signs. That is why, when a rash appears, it is necessary to visit the clinic as soon as possible or call a doctor at home.

Chickenpox

Chicken pox is an acute viral disease that is transmitted by airborne droplets and is accompanied by clear symptoms. The first sign of infection is a rash - the blisters spread throughout the body, become crusty and become very itchy as they heal. Such rashes do not require specific treatment; they go away within a few days if you follow the pediatrician’s recommendations. The chickenpox rash can spread without fever. As soon as new bubbles stop appearing, we can say that the disease has subsided. That is why lesions of chickenpox are “marked” with brilliant green - so that new bubbles can be seen immediately.

Chickenpox in a child is accompanied by a rash

Rubella

In the case of rubella, a common childhood disease, a child's red, dotted rash spreads throughout the body, starting with the face and neck. It is preceded by an acute phase with symptoms characteristic of acute respiratory infections - a temperature of 37-38 degrees, cough and sore throat. The temperature can be relieved with antipyretic drugs on the recommendation of a doctor. Red dots in the rash lesions begin to disappear approximately on the fourth day after appearance. After another 2-3 days, the child ceases to be infectious to the adults and other children around him.

Measles

The symptoms of measles are similar in many ways to rubella. The child begins to complain of weakness, cough, sometimes a runny nose, and the body temperature may rise significantly. The rash appears on the child's face and spreads to the body. It can be pale and scanty or, conversely, more pronounced. On the second day, the intensity of the color of the rash decreases. Within 5 days, the exacerbation ends, the lesions begin to peel off and disappear completely in the following days without any local impact.

When a child has measles, the rash is red

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever in young children manifests itself in the form of high fever, severe sore throat and a characteristic rash - pinpoint, bright pink or red, concentrated in folds and folds, for example, in the groin, inside the elbows, and behind the knees. When localized on the face, the rash covers the cheeks and forehead, the nasolabial triangle usually remains unaffected. Since scarlet fever has many complications of varying severity, its treatment and control of symptoms should be carried out only under the supervision of a doctor.

Scabies

Scabies is highly contagious

Roseola

Roseola is a disease that affects most children between the ages of six months and two years. It has symptoms almost identical to ARVI - it is an acute fever that is resistant to antipyretics. Around the 4th day, the temperature drops critically quickly, and is replaced by a rash on the child’s body - slightly raised, small-spotted rashes appear first on the stomach, and then on other parts of the body. Their formation indicates the completion of the acute phase of roseola, and the rash itself disappears after 3-4 days without residual peeling and pigmentation.

Herpes

When a child has herpes, a blister appears on the lips, which is often called a “cold.” The blister may be large, red, double, and filled with liquid. The bubble bursts within a few days, its walls dry out and fall off. As it heals, it may itch; it is important that the child does not scratch his lips or tear off the scabs, so as not to introduce dirt. Children over 2 years old can use effective products like Zovirax or Acyclovir, which speed up healing and relieve skin discomfort.

With herpes, a rash appears on the lips

Meningitis

Meningitis is one of the most dangerous childhood diseases: there are different ways of infection, and the disease itself develops rapidly. It begins with weakness, runny nose, sore throat, which is later joined by acute headaches, muscle stiffness and the so-called Kernig sign (the child cannot straighten the leg at the knee, bent at the hip joint). Another symptom of meningitis is an exanthema rash, hemorrhagic (i.e. with subcutaneous hemorrhage) with a focus of necrosis in the center. If such signs are detected, you should urgently call a doctor or an ambulance.

• Rash
• On the face
• On the body
• On the stomach
• On the back
• On the neck
• On the buttocks
• On foot

Parents always perceive the appearance of a rash on a child’s skin with alarm, because everyone knows that the condition of the skin reflects the condition of the entire organism. Is a child's rash always a cause for concern? We will tell you in this article how to understand what is happening to the child and how to help him.

Features of children's skin

Children's skin is different from adult skin. Babies are born with very thin skin - the dermis of newborns is approximately two times thinner than the middle skin layer of adults. The outer layer, the epidermis, thickens gradually as the baby grows older.

In the first month of life, the skin may be red or purple. This is due to the fact that the blood vessels in babies are located close to the surface, and there is not enough subcutaneous tissue, which is why the skin may look “transparent”. This is especially noticeable when the newborn is cold - a marbled vascular network appears on the skin.

The skin of babies loses moisture faster, it is more vulnerable to bacteria, viruses, fungi and mechanical stress. It begins to thicken only at 2-3 years and this process lasts up to 7 years. The skin of younger schoolchildren is already beginning to resemble the skin of adults in its characteristics and functionality. But after 10 years, children's skin faces a new test - this time, puberty.

It is not surprising that thin children’s skin reacts to any external influence or internal processes with rashes of various sizes, colors and structures. And not every childhood rash can be considered harmless.

It is important to understand that there is no causeless rash in children; any pimple or change in pigmentation has a reason, sometimes pathological.

What is a rash?

In medicine, a rash is considered to be a variety of rashes on the skin that in one way or another change the appearance of the skin in color or texture. For parents, all rashes are approximately the same, but doctors always distinguish between primary rashes, which formed first, and secondary ones, those that formed later, at the site of the primary ones or nearby.

Different childhood diseases are characterized by different combinations of primary and secondary elements.

hormonal.

Causes

The reasons that cause the development of skin rashes can be varied. A lot depends on the age and general condition of the child.

In newborns and children up to one year old

In newborns and babies in the first year of life, the rash is quite often physiological, which should not cause any particular concern on the part of adults. The baby’s skin adapts to its new habitat – waterless, and this process is often difficult for the baby. Therefore, any adverse effect can cause rashes all over the body.

The most common rash at this age is acne hormonal, in which white or yellow pimples may appear on the face and neck. This phenomenon is caused by the maternal hormones estrogen, which the child acquired in the last months of the mother’s pregnancy. Gradually, their influence on the body decreases, hormones leave the child’s body. By six months, not a trace of such pimples remains.

Breasts react very often allergic rash on unsuitable food products, substances, medicines and even household chemicals that mother uses to wash linen and bedding, wash floors and dishes.

Another common cause of rashes in infancy is diaper rash and prickly heat. A rash on the body, head, arms and legs at an early age appears due to infectious diseases, as well as due to violations of hygiene rules.

Too dry air in the room where the baby lives, heat, excessive diligent washing of the skin with soap and other detergents provoke drying of the skin, which only contributes to the development of various types of rashes.

Slight dryness of the skin in the first 3-4 weeks after birth is a variant of the physiological norm.

From birth, a baby’s skin is covered with a lipid “mantle,” the so-called fatty protective layer. The “mantle” is gradually washed off and washed away. With proper care, this temporary natural dryness is easily compensated by the child's body - the sebaceous glands gradually begin to produce the required amount of protective lubricant.

In children over 1 year of age

There are not many physiological reasons for the appearance of a rash after a year. In rare cases, hormonal imbalances caused by exposure to maternal sex hormones persist. All other cases mostly have pathological causes. In preschool age, the incidence of viral infections, which are characterized by a rash, increases in children. These are chickenpox, measles, scarlet fever and other childhood diseases.

In a one-year-old child, who has not yet started attending kindergarten and organized children's groups, the risks of contracting herpes or other viral infections are lower than in children aged 3 to 7 years. Local immunity at this age begins to work better than in infants, for this reason many bacterial skin ailments can be successfully avoided.

Up to 3 years the impact of allergens on the child’s body is still strong, and therefore the appearance of a rash on different parts of the body - on the face, head, stomach, elbows and even on the eyelids and ears - is a fairly common occurrence after eating a product containing an allergen, one or another medicinal product, contact with pollen, animal hair, household chemicals.

And here acne in preschool age is rare. And even if it does occur, then most likely we are talking about metabolic disorders, lack of vitamins, minerals, and diseases of the internal secretion organs.

For children over 10 years old

After 10 years, children have only one type of physiological rash - teenage acne. Under the influence of sex hormones, which begin to be produced in the bodies of girls and boys, the sebaceous glands are activated.

Excessive production of sebum leads to blockage of the gland ducts and the gland itself and the hair follicle become inflamed.

The immunity of children is already sufficiently developed, preventive vaccinations have not left their mark on the body, and therefore the risk of contracting “childhood diseases” in adolescence is much lower. Many children have already had them before.

A rash in 15-16 year old teenagers can also be a symptom of a sexually transmitted disease, since quite a lot of boys and girls at this age begin to be sexually active. Rashes on the skin of the face and upper body can also be a consequence of taking steroids, with the help of which boys, and sometimes girls, try to create a “beautiful, sculpted” body during fitness classes.

Allergic rashes in adolescence are not as common as in younger children. Usually, if a teenager is allergic, the parents know about it and the appearance of rashes will not surprise or frighten them at all, since they already have a good idea of ​​how to deal with it.

At any age, the cause of a rash can be metabolic disorders, lack of vitamins A, E, C, PP, as well as dysbacteriosis, disruption of the stomach, intestines, and kidneys.

Diagnostics and self-diagnosis

A pediatrician, allergist, gastroenterologist and infectious disease specialist can understand the causes of the rash.

For diagnosis, standard methods are used - blood, urine, and stool tests. Quite often, skin scrapings and samples of the contents of vesicles and pustules are taken for analysis. This allows us to establish not only an accurate diagnosis, but also the type and type of pathogen, if we are talking about an infection, as well as what drugs the pathogens are sensitive to.

Self-diagnosis includes a set of simple actions to assess the situation.

Parents should undress the child, examine the skin, note the nature of the rash (vesicles, pustules, papules, etc.), its extent. After which you should measure the child’s body temperature, examine the throat and tonsils, note other symptoms, if any, and decide to call a doctor.

Small red

On the body

A small rash without suppuration on the stomach, back, buttocks can be a clear and characteristic symptom of allergy. In children under one year old, a small red rash under the armpits, on the shoulders, on the buttocks and in the perineum may also indicate the presence of prickly heat or diaper rash.

If red skin rashes cover a large area of ​​the body, you should think about erythema toxicum.

It is important to remember and analyze what preceded the appearance of bodily rashes.

If the child felt sick, vomited, or had diarrhea, then we can talk about gastrointestinal pathologies; if the rash appeared after a fever and it is red-pink, then it is probably a herpes virus that causes childhood exanthema.

In most cases, the appearance of a small red rash on the body is a sign of an infectious disease, such as rubella.

On the face

Such a rash on the face may indicate an allergic reaction to food, medicine or cosmetics. The rashes themselves in case of allergies do not have purulent cavities or blisters.

Most often, in young children, an allergic rash is localized on the chin, cheeks and behind the ears, and in older children - on the forehead, eyebrows, neck, and nose. Rarely do allergic rashes affect only the face; usually the rash is found on other parts of the body.

A red rash appears on the face due to some viral diseases. If the child has not eaten anything suspicious or new, has not taken medications, and has led a normal lifestyle, then if there is a rash on the face, you must take the temperature and call a doctor. The temperature usually rises, and the doctor diagnoses chickenpox, measles, or another infection.

In this case, the child exhibits signs of ARVI - malaise, headache, runny nose, cough.

On arms and legs

In children of the first year of life, a reddish small rash on the extremities can be a sign of an allergy (like urticaria), as well as a consequence of overheating and violation of hygiene rules - diaper rash.

The rash is usually located in the folds of the skin - under the knees, on the inside of the elbow, in the groin area.

A red rash of various sizes and types can affect the arms and legs of a child due to viral and bacterial infections, scarlet fever, and leukemia. With measles, the rash appears on the palms and soles of the feet. The appearance of red rashes on the limbs is always a reason to call a doctor at home.

On the head

The scalp usually becomes covered with a red rash due to allergic reactions, including to hair care products and soap. In children, the most likely cause of the rash is different - prickly heat. Since babies use their scalp to regulate thermoregulation, it is the scalp that reacts to overheating and sweating. This symptom may also indicate a viral infection.

Colorless

It can be difficult for parents to notice a colorless rash, but this is a fixable matter, since any colorless rash will sooner or later manifest itself more clearly. Most often, a rash without a distinct color signals the starting stage of an allergy.

On the body. An almost imperceptible rash without a specific color or very pale that appears on the body can cause a feeling of rough “goose bumps” when touched. It looks like goosebumps that “run” across the skin when scared or chilled. The rashes are located close to each other and sometimes are massive. There is an assumption that such a rash is a consequence of hormonal “bursts”.

On the head. A rough, colorless rash usually appears on the face and head due to lactose deficiency. This is usually accompanied by intestinal disorders; the child often has foamy, greenish, liquid stools with an unpleasant odor.

Watery

A watery rash can be a clear symptom of a herpes infection, as well as impetigo, streptococcal angulitis, and even sunburn.

On the body. If fluid-filled blisters appear on the sides and limbs, there is a possibility that the child has bullous impetigo. Long exposure to the sun will also cause blistering skin lesions in children, but the skin will appear red and somewhat swollen. Blisters may appear on the stomach and back with chickenpox.

Often blisters on the body occur as a result of an allergic reaction, as well as insect bites.

• On the face. Watery rashes on the face manifest themselves as herpes diseases. In the nasolabial triangle, around the lips, and in the nose, the herpes simplex virus appears. Streptoderma and erysipelas can manifest themselves in a similar way.

Infectious bacterial

A pustular rash caused by pathogenic bacteria is treated with antibiotics and antiseptics. Moreover, antibiotics are selected after a culture test, when the doctor has clear information about which bacteria caused the suppuration and to which antibacterial agents they demonstrate sensitivity.

Usually children are prescribed penicillins, less often cephalosporins. For mild infections, local treatment with ointments that have an antimicrobial effect is sufficient - Levomekol, Baneocin, erythromycin ointment, gentamicin ointment, tetracycline ointment.

In some cases, for widespread and severe infection or an infection that risks spreading to internal organs, it is prescribed antibiotics orally - for children in the form of a suspension, for preschoolers and adolescents - in tablets or injections.

Preference is given to broad-spectrum drugs, usually of the penicillin group - “Amoxiclav”, “Amosin”, “Amoxicillin”, “Flemoxin Solutab”. If drugs in this group are ineffective, cephalosporin antibiotics or macrolides may be prescribed.

As antiseptics Well-known aniline dyes are often used - a solution of brilliant green (brilliant green) for staphylococcal infections or "Fukortsin" for streptococcus. Damaged skin is treated with salicylic alcohol.

Along with antibiotics, if they are prescribed orally, the child is recommended to take drugs that will help avoid the occurrence of dysbacteriosis - “Bifiborm”, “Bifidumbacterin”. It is also useful to start taking vitamin complexes appropriate for the child’s age.

Some purulent rashes, such as boils and carbuncles, may require surgical intervention, during which the formation is incised crosswise under local anesthesia, the cavity is cleaned out and treated with antiseptics and antibiotics. There is no need to be afraid of such a mini-operation.

The consequences of refusing it can be very dire, because staphylococcal infection can lead to sepsis and death.

Heat rash and diaper rash

If a baby develops prickly heat, this is a signal for parents to change the conditions in which the child lives. The temperature should be at 20-21 degrees Celsius. The heat only makes the prickly heat worse. Irritation from sweat, although it gives the child a lot of excruciating sensations and pain, can be treated fairly quickly.

The main cure for this is cleanliness and fresh air. The child should be washed with warm water without soap or other detergents. Several times a day you need to give your baby naked air baths. You should not wrap your child up, but if he does get sweaty, for example, while walking outside in a warm overall in winter, then immediately upon returning home, bathe the child in the shower and change into clean and dry clothes.

For severe diaper rash, damaged skin is treated 2-3 times a day. Most carefully and thoroughly - after daily evening bathing. After it, Bepanten, Desitin, and Sudocrem are applied to still damp skin with signs of prickly heat. Use the powder with great care, since talc dries out the skin very much.

Baby cream or any other greasy creams or ointments should not be applied to the skin of a child with heat rash, as they moisturize and do not dry out. You should also avoid getting massage oil on diaper rash during evening restorative procedures.

Allergic

If the rash is allergic, treatment will involve finding and eliminating the child's exposure to the allergenic substance that caused the rash. To do this, the allegologist performs a series of special tests using test strips with allergens. If it is possible to find the protein that caused the rash, the doctor gives recommendations on eliminating everything that contains such a substance.

If the antigen protein cannot be found (and this happens often), then parents will have to try and exclude from the child’s life everything that poses a potential threat - pollen, food (nuts, whole milk, chicken eggs, red berries and fruits, some types of fresh herbs and even some types of fish, plenty of sweets).

You will have to be especially careful when using baby skin care products.

Usually, eliminating the allergen is more than enough for the allergy to stop and the rash to disappear without a trace. If this does not happen, or in case of severe allergies, the doctor prescribes antihistamines (“Tavegil”, “Cetrin”, “Suprastin”, “Loratadine” and others).

It is advisable to take them simultaneously calcium supplements and vitamins. Locally, if necessary, the child is given hormonal ointments - Advantan, for example. Severe forms of allergies, in which, in addition to a skin rash, there are pronounced respiratory manifestations, as well as internal pathologies, the child is treated as an inpatient.

Fungal infections

Fungal infections are very contagious, so the child must be isolated. The children are treated as inpatients. Older children will be admitted to the infectious diseases hospital in case of moderate to severe illness. Prescribed as local treatment antifungal ointments- “Lamisil”, “Clotrimazole”, “Fluconazole” and others.

In case of extensive damage, when colonies of fungi have “settled” not only on the limbs, wrist, legs or neck, but also on the back of the head in the scalp, the child is prescribed in addition to ointments antifungal agents in tablets or injections.

At the same time, doctors recommend taking immunomodulators, as well as antihistamines, since waste products of fungal colonies quite often cause an allergic reaction. Treatment for fungi is the longest, after the first course, which lasts from 10 to 14 days, a second, “control” course is required, which must be carried out after a short break.

At home, all clothes and bedding of a sick child must be thoroughly washed and ironed. He himself cannot be bathed during treatment.

The time has passed when the treatment of such diseases was quite painful. There is no need to sprinkle lice dust on your head or smear your skin with kerosene.

Most children's lice and nit treatments only require one application. The most effective in pediatric practice are products based on permethrin.

It is important to follow safety precautions during treatment. Almost all products are toxic; they should not be allowed to get into the baby’s eyes and ears, mouth or mucous membranes.

Worm infestations

The doctor decides what exactly to treat for giardiasis, roundworms or pinworms. Not all drugs that are effective in adolescence are suitable for treating children and primary schoolchildren. The most commonly prescribed drugs are Pyrantel, Albendazole, Levamisole and Piperazine.

Acne in teenagers

It is impossible to cure teenage acne, but you can alleviate its symptoms. To do this, parents must explain to their teenage child that pimples cannot be squeezed out and that treating them with alcohol or lotions is also undesirable.

Pubertal acne is treated comprehensively by changing the child’s diet, excluding fatty, fried, smoked and pickled foods, and fast food. Skin affected by acne is lubricated twice a day with salicylic alcohol and one of the modern products in the form of a cream or ointment.

Zinc ointment and “Zinerit” are very effective. If acne is complicated by a purulent bacterial infection, antibiotic ointments are used - chloramphenicol, erythromycin.

Baby cream and other fatty creams should never be used on skin with acne.

Other effective drugs for teenage rashes on the face, back and chest are Baziron AS, Adapalene, Skinoren. In some cases, the doctor may recommend hormonal ointments - Advantan, Triderm. This is true for deep and very severe rashes.

At the same time, vitamins A and E are prescribed in an oil solution or as part of vitamin-mineral complexes. Treatment of pubertal acne takes a very long time. If you follow all the dermatologist's recommendations, it sometimes takes from 2 to 6 months to achieve the effect.

Neonatal hormonal rash

Newborn acne or three-week rash does not require treatment. All skin rashes will disappear after the baby’s hormonal levels return to normal. This usually takes about a month or two. It is useful to wash the child with a decoction of chamomile, apply baby cream to pimples on the face and neck, and sprinkle them with powder. Trying to squeeze or burn with alcohol is strictly prohibited.

Prevention

Since a child’s skin needs special care and protection, proper hygiene and an understanding of the approach to treating dermatological ailments in children will be an excellent prevention of the appearance of pathological rashes.

A home microclimate that is favorable for skin health will help you avoid 90% of skin problems. The air temperature should be no higher than 21 degrees Celsius, and the air humidity should be 50-70%. Such conditions will not allow the child’s skin to dry out or crack, which means there will be fewer prerequisites for the development of severe bacterial infections. It is especially important to follow this rule if there is a small child in the house.

All preventive vaccinations required by the child’s age should be completed in a timely manner. This will help protect him from dangerous infectious diseases - measles, diphtheria and a number of others. Vaccination is not a guarantee that the child will not get this infection at all, but it does guarantee that if the child does get sick, the illness will be easier and with fewer health consequences.

• When going to the sea, it is important to ensure that your child's skin is protected. To do this, you need to buy a sunscreen that is appropriate for your age and skin type. And in order to protect your baby from rotavirus, it makes sense to get a vaccination at a paid clinic, which is not included in the list of mandatory ones - a vaccination against rotavirus infection.

Proper hygiene– the key to healthy children’s skin at any age. It is a mistake to wash your baby rarely, but it is equally a mistake to wash him too often. You should use soap for infants no more than once every 4-5 days; it is better not to use shampoos at all for up to a year.

It is important to choose care products for your child that are created specifically for children and are hypoallergenic. Antibacterial soap kills not only pathogenic bacteria, but also beneficial ones, and therefore its use without the need is generally not justified.

Children's skin should not be exposed to hard washcloths, bath brushes, or brooms. After bathing, the skin should not be wiped, but blotted with a soft towel; this will keep the skin intact and sufficiently moisturized.

Clean your baby when changing a diaper It is necessary only under running water, and not in a basin or in the bathroom, to avoid intestinal microbes getting on the skin, external genitalia and urinary tract. Girls are washed in the direction from the pubis to the anus.

When a rash appears You cannot self-medicate.

In a house where children grow up, should never be in the public domain chemicals, acids and alkalis, aggressive household cleaning products.

Young children should buy bed linen and clothes only from natural fabrics. Let them look more modest and discreet, but there will be no irritating effect on the skin of synthetic fabrics, seams and textile dyes, which are used to color bright and alluring children's things.

For healthy skin in a child's diet, always There should be enough vitamins A and E. From childhood, you need to teach your son and daughter to eat fresh orange and red vegetables, greens, sea fish, lean meat, dairy products with sufficient fat content, butter, oatmeal and buckwheat porridge.

From early childhood, the child's skin should be Protect from excessive exposure to strong winds, frost, and direct sunlight. All these factors dry her out, dehydrate her, as a result she becomes more vulnerable and susceptible to various infections.

No crusts, pustules or blisters on the child’s skin cannot be mechanically removed or opened at home, far from sterile. Most of the cases where an infection is attached to a seemingly harmless rash are associated precisely with parents’ attempts to rid the child of pimples or vesicles on their own. On the neck

Thank you

The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation with a specialist is required!

Causes

Rash on the body of babies can be caused by many diseases. Moreover, some of them pose a real threat to life. Therefore, it is necessary to show the child to the doctor even with the most minor rashes.

Transient vascular phenomenon in a newborn

The formation of all functions of the child’s body causes changes in the condition of the skin. There are two completely physiological conditions accompanied by a rash in newborn babies:

• Marbling of skin color,
• Rapid change in skin color.

Kinds

A rash is a disturbance in the color or quality of the skin in certain areas. There are many types of this phenomenon. Rashes are quite often observed on the body and face of people of any age, but a child’s skin is very delicate, and therefore is more prone to rashes.
In the first months after birth, the baby's skin constantly changes. Some changes are physiological in nature and not dangerous, while others may be caused by infections or malfunction of any organs.

Marbling of the dermis- This is a change in the color of the skin of the child’s entire body and limbs, which is the body’s response to a drop in temperature. Usually, when the body warms up, the spots disappear immediately. This phenomenon can be observed up to six months of age and is normal. It does not require any special measures.

A rapidly passing change in skin color - it is noticeable in cases where a naked baby lies on one side and is turned over to the other. One side becomes more pink, and the other, on the contrary, becomes paler. The color changes very quickly, literally before our eyes, and returns to normal in a few minutes. Skin color evens out faster if the child cries or moves actively. This phenomenon is observed only in every tenth baby born on time, and most often parents do not pay attention to it. You can notice a change in skin color from the first days of a baby’s life, and the phenomenon goes away by the age of one month. Pediatricians explain this phenomenon by the development of the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the expansion of small vessels.

Erythema toxicum– this phenomenon is observed in 55% of newborns and occurs in babies born at term with normal body weight. Signs of toxic erythema can be detected both immediately upon birth and after two to three days.
With toxic erythema, red, swollen spots up to 3 millimeters in size appear on the baby’s body, as well as blisters, which gradually take on the appearance of “mosquito bites.” Typically, rashes are observed on the face, arms and legs, and body. The child’s feet and palms are not affected by this type of rash.

During the newborn period, a vesiculopustular rash is a consequence of infection with herpes, candida, staphylococcus or other pathogenic infections.

To determine the pathogen, an analysis of the contents of the bubbles is taken. Most often, the rashes do not affect the baby’s condition and disappear on their own in a week or less. But sometimes they can worsen his well-being and last longer. Despite this, erythema is not dangerous to the health and life of the child and does not require special treatment methods.

Transient pustular melanosis
This phenomenon is five times more common in children of the Negroid race ( in 5% versus 1% in babies with white skin color). The rash in this case is a pigmented rash, like large freckles. The skin does not turn red. At first, the skin becomes covered with red spots and blisters, which after a while burst and in their place “freckles” appear, which independently discolor after about a month.

Hormonal acne of newborns
This phenomenon occurs in approximately every fifth newborn baby. Usually these are closed comedones covering the cheeks and forehead, rarely there are blisters, red pimples or open comedones.
It is believed that these rashes appear when the child’s sebaceous glands increase their activity, caused by male sex hormones obtained from the mother’s body or produced in the child’s body. This is a temporary phenomenon that disappears on its own without a trace. Most often, newborn acne is not treated with anything. But sometimes, if they are too abundant, the skin is lubricated with benzoyl peroxide ointment. Before use, you should test for tolerance by smearing a small area of ​​your baby's skin on the inner bend of the elbow. If acne does not disappear for a long time, this may indicate increased work of the adrenal glands and other metabolic disorders.

Sebaceous cysts
These are yellowish or white bubbles with a diameter of up to 2 millimeters, which are formed when the secretions of the sebaceous glands in the skin are inhibited. This phenomenon is observed in half of children in the neonatal period. They usually appear on the face, but rarely on the mucous membranes, genitals and limbs. Sebaceous cysts do not need to be treated with anything; they will go away on their own no later than by the age of three months.

Prickly heat
This type of rash occurs when sweat cannot pass through the ducts and becomes trapped in the sweat glands. The work of sweat glands and ducts in newborn babies is still imperfect, so prickly heat is a fairly common phenomenon. It is observed in 4 children out of 10 born. Most often observed in the first four weeks after birth. The rash may be red or may resemble millet grains.

Since the disease usually goes away on its own and does not affect the overall well-being of the baby at all, no treatment is carried out. Medicines are used only in special cases. Many mothers and fathers are embarrassed by unsightly crusts on the baby's head. They can be easily removed with a soft brush after bathing and treatment with an emollient cream. Crusts are removed very quickly and effectively even after treating the skin with vegetable oil.
Some doctors prescribe shampoos with tar or selenium sulfide. However, these products should not be used for their own purposes.

Hemorrhagic

If the rash is caused by a vascular or blood disease, it is hemorrhagic in nature, which means small hemorrhages between the layers of the dermis. Such rashes can be small or large, they can look like bruises from dark purple to yellow, or they can be small “spider veins” scattered throughout the body.
Such symptoms should alert parents and serve as a reason to visit a doctor.

During teething

When teething, many babies suffer from excessive salivation. Since saliva almost constantly flows from the mouth and further down the chin, it becomes covered with a small red rash.
If you constantly gently blot the corners of your baby's mouth and chin with a soft cloth, a rash will not appear.
Some children develop an allergic rash due to teething. This will be discussed in more detail below.

Allergic

This type of rash usually appears suddenly. Often, along with rashes, the child suffers from the flow of tears and rhinitis. He tries to scratch the areas covered with the rash, as they usually itch intensely. An allergy rash is very clearly visible; it protrudes above the surface of the skin.
Eliminating the allergen, as well as taking an antihistamine ( as prescribed by a doctor).

From antibiotics

Rash and other allergic manifestations are observed in approximately 1% of patients. Urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis are most often observed when using topical forms of antibiotics. Urticaria is most often provoked by sulfonamides and beta-lactams. The rash appears a few hours after the first dose of the medicine and disappears almost immediately after stopping its use.

Allergic contact dermatitis manifests itself in redness of the skin, burning, itching and the appearance of small blisters on the skin. If the drug is used for the first time, symptoms may appear after five to seven days. If it was used before, then dermatitis may develop on the very first day. To eliminate the symptoms of the disease, you should discontinue the antibiotic ointment and treat the affected areas with glucocorticoid preparations ( as prescribed by a doctor).

After vaccination

Allergic rashes similar to nettle burns are local reactions to vaccinations and are observed quite often.
But if the rash appears on large areas of the body, then this is a general reaction of the body.

There are three possible causes of rash after vaccination.
1. The vaccine components multiply in the skin.
2. Allergy to any component of the vaccine.
3. The vaccine caused bleeding.

If the vaccine is not inactivated, then mild rashes are a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of foreign microbes. This is typical for vaccines against measles, rubella, and mumps.

A rash in the form of small dots may be a consequence of a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood. This happens after rubella vaccination, but very rarely. But the same points may indicate that vaccination provoked the development of vasculitis - this is a severe autoimmune disorder affecting the vascular walls.

In some cases, a vaccination provokes a specific reaction of the body, for example, this happens after a measles vaccination: five to ten days after the vaccine is administered, the body may become covered with a rash, which quickly passes. Body temperature may also increase.

Temperature with scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is a highly contagious infectious disease, the main symptoms of which are a sharp increase in body temperature, a small rash and inflammation of the tonsils. The disease develops under the influence of streptococcus. Children from two to seven years old are more susceptible to scarlet fever. Scarlet fever is more common during the cold season.

The source of infection is a sick person who releases pathogens with tiny particles of saliva and bronchial mucus during sneezing, coughing and even conversation. The incubation period is from two to seven days. After which the child’s body temperature rises sharply to 39–40 degrees, his health worsens, and his throat hurts. Rashes can be observed starting from the end of the first day. The spots appear on the neck, shoulders, chest and back, after which they cover the entire skin in a short time. The rashes are most intense on the side surfaces of the body, stomach, and inner surfaces of the elbows. The rashes are bright in color, very small and closely spaced. The skin often itches.

Very characteristic are rashes on the face that cover it thickly, leaving only the nasolabial triangle, called scarlet fever, clear. After 7–9 days, the rash turns pale and the skin begins to peel off. The first places to peel off are the earlobes, neck, fingertips, feet and palms. The skin is completely cleared after 15 – 20 days.

Vomiting with chickenpox

This is a very common viral disease that most often affects children under 6 years of age. The virus is transmitted only from a sick person, since it lives in the external environment for only 10 minutes and does not tolerate ultraviolet radiation and high temperature. Therefore, children in kindergartens and primary schools are most often infected. The danger of the disease is that the sick person begins to spread the infection two days before the first symptoms appear.

The child’s temperature rises to 38–39 degrees, he is lethargic, and often vomits. In the very first hours, the body is covered with small vesicles with a diameter of up to 5 mm. The skin around the blister turns red. At first, there is a clear liquid inside the vesicles, which after a day becomes cloudy, the middle of the vesicle wrinkles and a crust appears. After a week, two crusts dry out and fall off on their own. At the site of each bubble, a red spot remains for quite a long time. If you pick off the crust ahead of time, a chip will remain. The blisters are usually very itchy. If they also form on the mucous membranes, the child may cough.

The first rashes appear on the head, face, then on the body and, finally, on the arms and legs. In some cases, they even appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes. Vesicles never form on the feet and palms.
A feature characteristic of this particular disease is that when new blisters appear, the child’s temperature may rise.

For measles

This is a viral infection, the incubation period of the disease is on average 10 days, but can vary from 9 days to 3 weeks. A distinctive feature of measles is that some signs of illness appear in the baby already during the incubation period: he eats poorly, is lethargic, his eyes are red, he coughs and sneezes. Sometimes body temperature increases.

With the onset of the clinical period of the disease, the temperature increases to 38 - 39 degrees, rhinitis is already clearly noticeable, the child coughs in a special rude way, reminiscent of a dog barking. He has swollen and red mucous membranes of the eyes, tears flow from the eyes and pus is released. The child's eyes hurt, he cannot look at bright light.

Against the background of the above, a rash called measles enanthema also appears. These are small red spots in the mouth and on the palate. In addition, on the inside of the oral mucosa you can see whitish grains, similar to semolina. It is these whitish spots that clearly indicate measles - this is a very characteristic sign of the disease.

But all these spots on the mucous membranes disappear as soon as a rash appears on the body. The child's temperature rises again and his general condition worsens.
The rash covers the entire surface of the body, it is very small, but can merge. Nearby, the rash appears as blisters up to 2 millimeters in diameter, around which the skin turns red and forms a spot a centimeter in diameter. Sometimes, with severe disease, the skin becomes covered with small hemorrhages.
The body becomes covered with a rash for 3 days. First the neck and face, then the body, upper legs and arms, then the feet. The rash is thicker on the face, shoulders, chest and neck.

After 4 days, the rash becomes less bright, the skin in the area of ​​the rash peels off finely and darkens. 5 days after the first rash, the child’s body temperature decreases and his condition returns to normal. For about another 10 to 14 days, traces of rashes can be seen on the body, after which the skin is completely cleared.

For meningitis

The course of meningitis varies depending on what pathogen provoked it. A rash due to meningitis in children under 3 years of age is very rare and most often affects the back of the throat. Most often, such rashes are caused by meningococci.

If microorganisms are transferred by blood to other parts of the body, the skin may become covered with bright red rashes. These rashes are hemorrhagic in nature and represent hemorrhages from the capillaries. They indicate infection of the body with the causative agent of meningitis.

These rashes differ in that they most often cover the buttocks, thighs and back. They look like stars or irregularly shaped spots. This disease is very dangerous, so at the slightest suspicion you should immediately call a doctor or an ambulance.

For mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis is a disease that is observed more often in children from 3 to 16 years of age. Transmitted by airborne droplets. The pathogen infects the lymph nodes and all lymphoid tissues of the body, including the spleen, tonsils and sometimes even

In the morning, my daughter woke up with what is called a speckled face. At first I didn’t attach much importance to this, but when my baby showed her character in whims, I became worried. I was in no hurry to see the doctor and decided to independently find out the cause of my child’s rashes.

It is important to determine the nature of the red rash; the effectiveness of treatment depends on it!

Causes of the rash

It turned out that a red rash on a child’s body or its individual parts can appear for quite a few reasons:

Let's look at each of the reasons together in more detail.

There is no need to be afraid. Postpartum or neonatal rash in a baby it occurs on the 7-21st day of its life outside the mother’s body and goes away on its own by 2-3 months. She appears completely suddenly. The cause of this rash is the influence of the mother’s hormones on the child while still in the womb.

Neonatal rash is a natural phenomenon that is absolutely safe for the health of babies.

The rashes spread mainly on the surface of the scalp of the baby, and also affect the cheeks and neck, periodically changing their location in the described areas. The rash itself is small, pink-red, not accompanied by suppuration and/or inflammatory processes, and is slightly rough to the touch. A postpartum rash does not cause unpleasant or disturbing sensations to an infant.

The rashes occur in approximately a third of newborns and do not pose any danger to those “spattered” or to those around them. There is no need to treat neonatal rash.

A type of neonatal rash is toxic redness of the skin on the cheeks and/or near the mouth, caused by dilation of the capillaries. Rashes look like spots , having various irregular shapes. This rash may occur immediately after birth. There is no need to treat it, nor do you need to panic about its occurrence.

Despite the fact that toxic redness of the skin looks scary, it also does not require medical intervention.

Cleanliness is the key to good health

Don't overheat your children

The most terrible childhood diseases

However, a small red rash can appear not only as a result of overheating, but also be a clear symptom of one of the infectious diseases:

1. - characterized by an itchy, red, small rash, followed by small blisters, slightly raised above the surface of the skin, filled with infectious fluid. After the blisters break through naturally or mechanically (scratching), small red ulcers remain on the skin. The most unpleasant sensations of the rash are on the inside of the eyelids, in the genitals and in the mouth. Eleven days pass from the moment of infection until the first red rash appears. There are often cases when an infected person develops a fever and a headache. You should not scratch the rash, as this can significantly delay the healing process. You can help your child by smearing the rash with a solution of potassium permanganate or brilliant green. During illness, contact with others and leaving the house must be kept to a minimum.

More than every person gets chickenpox once in their life.

1. - a rare disease now. Its first symptoms can easily be confused with a cold or digestive problems. Red rashes appear only after 4 days to a week from the moment of infection. They are preceded by fever. The mucous membranes of the baby’s cheeks and gums are the first to suffer from the rash. Then the spots appear on the face and neck, then the chest, back, stomach and shoulders are involved in the disease process, and the rash ends on the arms and legs. When the rashes subside, the skin in their former places becomes brown. The consequences of measles can be very serious. Treatment is prescribed only by a specialist.

If you suspect that your baby has measles, call the doctor immediately!

1. - a very contagious disease. The incubation period (up to 3 weeks) is asymptomatic. The first rashes appear on the back of the head and behind the ears. After a short time interval, a red rash appears on the child’s body. Rubella is characterized by fever. There are no special medications to treat rubella.

Red spots, high fever, weakness - these are the main symptoms of rubella.

1. - every infant under two years of age can encounter it. The first obvious signs of the disease are enlarged lymph nodes, high fever and a sore throat. Then a small red rash appears on the face and spreads with great speed throughout the body, just like with rubella. The disease is contagious. , goes away on its own.

Roseola is a contagious disease that does not require any(!) treatment.

1. Scarlet fever- begins with increasing degrees on the thermometer. If a characteristic rash in the form of pimples appears on the tongue, then this is one of the obvious signs of the disease. Scarlet fever is caused by streptococcus. The latent phase of the disease lasts from 3 days to a week. The fever is accompanied by a small red rash on the body, face, arms and legs. As the rash disappears, the skin in the area of ​​the former rashes peels off. During the period of illness, a person is contagious, so contact with other people must be excluded.

Scarlet fever is most easily diagnosed by a characteristic rash on the tongue.

1. Meningitis- a very dangerous disease. Even newborn children are susceptible to it. Typical symptoms: fever accompanied by vomiting, drowsiness, hardness and stiffness of the neck muscles, and the appearance of a rash. The rash is characterized as small subcutaneous spots, similar to a mosquito bite or an injection mark (as in the photo). The first places where the rash appears are the stomach and buttocks. Then the rashes become visible on the legs. A rash in the form of red dots appears literally everywhere. If measures are not taken in time, the rash increases in volume and size, and becomes similar to bruises. At the first signs, you should urgently seek help. Delay is fraught with death.

Meningitis is a deadly disease! Sick children are immediately hospitalized.

Allergy

The rashes can also be allergic in nature. The rash, perhaps with, is similar to the neonatal one, but the rashes themselves are not localized in the head and neck area, but appear randomly on any part of the skin of the body. Allergic rashes are characterized by the presence of a crust behind the ears.

Internal eczema - a reason to get tested

The occurrence of eczema can be preceded by thermal, mechanical, and chemical factors. Eczema can also indicate problems with the endocrine, gastrointestinal, nervous and excretory systems. Eczema rashes can appear on any area of ​​the skin.

If your baby is covered with an incomprehensible rash, it is advisable to visit a dermatologist as soon as possible to make a diagnosis.

About how mothers fought

Alexandra about measles:

“Recently, terrible measles has become more common in children compared to previous decades. This is probably due to mothers refusing vaccinations, but complications can arise during measles vaccination... up to toxic shock and convulsions. How to deal with this? I went to the pediatrician and clarified the nagging question. According to her, there should be no allergies in principle, but in particular, to chicken protein, antibiotics and something else that we don’t have. In general, check with your pediatrician in advance about all possible contraindications.”

Sima about diaper rash:

“I’m Misha, and I also sprinkled powder on top of him. A day later the rash was gone. Only slight redness remains. You can already anoint it with zinc ointment. I forgot the main thing: after I washed Misha, I dried his butt with warm air from a hairdryer. Everything worked great for us.”

Evgeniya about chickenpox:

“My family and I were going to the seaside, and my son fell ill with chickenpox one day before the trip (and for the second time)! I had to leave him at home with my dad. When his temperature dropped, his dad brought him to us (still with green spots). My daughter and I were worried that we might also get infected, but after water procedures in the sea, we stopped being afraid, and on the second day all traces of the sores disappeared for my son. Here"!

Don't play with fire

Dear parents, do not self-medicate! If you have any alarming symptoms, go to the doctor!

• Neonatal rash and miliaria are not dangerous for the baby and others.
• If a rash appears, run to the doctor.
• If any infectious disease is suspected or confirmed, communication with others is prohibited.
• You cannot wait until the rash goes away on its own.
• Self-medication is unacceptable.

Rash! With or without fever, small and large, itchy and not very itchy, “bubbles”; or “plaques” - it always frightens parents equally, because finding the cause of the “rashes” is sometimes difficult. Suddenly covered with red spots, the child himself resembles a living monster, and turns the parents’ life into a horror film. There is no need to be afraid, we need to be treated!

Chickenpox, or chicken pox

Pathogen: Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV).

Transfer method: airborne. It is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person by talking, coughing, or sneezing.

Immunity to chickenpox: life. Produced either as a result of illness or after vaccination. In children whose mothers had chickenpox or were vaccinated against it, immunity to chickenpox is transmitted from the mother in utero and persists for the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: from 10 to 23 days.

Contagious period: the entire period of the rash + 5 days after the last rash.

Manifestations: red dots appear simultaneously with the rise in temperature. However, sometimes the temperature may remain normal or rise slightly. The spots very quickly turn into single vesicles filled with a clear yellowish liquid. Soon they dry out and become crusty. A distinctive feature of chickenpox is a rash on the head under the hair and on the mucous membranes (in the mouth, on the eyelid, etc.). Very often this rash itches.

Treatment: chicken pox goes away on its own, so treatment can only be symptomatic: lower the temperature, treat the itchy rash with brilliant green (so that by scratching the blisters the child does not introduce additional infection), give an antihistamine to make it itchy less. You can swim if you have chickenpox! But at the same time, you should not rub the affected areas; instead, you need to gently blot them with a towel.

Important: It is also necessary to use brilliant green or other dyes (fukortsin, etc.) in order not to miss the next rash - after all, only old spots will be smeared. It is also easier to track the appearance of the last outbreak of the rash.

Herpes simplex

Pathogen: simple virus. There are two types: herpes simplex virus type I causes rashes in the mouth, type II - in the genital area and anus.

Transfer method: airborne and contact (kissing, shared household items, etc.).

Immunity: is not produced, the disease occurs with periodic exacerbations due to stress or other infections (ARVI, etc.).

Incubation period: 4-6 days.

Contagious period: rashes all the time.

Manifestations: Several days before the rash appears, itching and soreness of the skin may occur. Then a group of closely spaced bubbles will appear in this place. The temperature rises extremely rarely.

Treatment: special antiviral ointments, for example with acyclovir, etc.

Important: Use the ointment immediately after itching and pain occur, even before blisters appear. In this case, rashes may not occur at all.

Hand-foot-mouth syndrome

(from the English name Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease, HFMD), or enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthema.

Pathogen: enteroviruses.

Transfer method: fecal-oral and airborne. The virus is transmitted from person to person through communication, conversation, and the use of common household items (dishes, toys, bed, etc.).

Immunity:

Incubation period: from 2 days to 3 weeks, on average about 7 days. Infectious period: from the onset of the disease.

Manifestations: first the temperature rises and stomatitis begins: rashes on the oral mucosa, pain when eating, excessive salivation. The temperature lasts 3-5 days, often accompanied by diarrhea, and in some cases a runny nose and cough. On the second or third day of illness, a rash appears in the form of single blisters or small spots. The name of the disease comes from the location of the rash: it is located on the hands, feet and around the mouth. The rash lasts 3-7 days, after which it disappears without a trace.

Treatment: There is no specific treatment; symptomatic drugs are used to reduce fever and relieve pain from stomatitis. The disease goes away on its own; complications are possible only if a bacterial or fungal infection occurs in the oral cavity.

It is not easy to make a diagnosis of enteroviral vesicular stomatitis, because... The rash does not appear immediately and is very often regarded as a manifestation of an allergy.

Important: Despite the active use of various painkillers in the treatment of stomatitis, the first few days it may be very painful for a child to eat. In such cases, it is good to use the most liquid food possible (milk, dairy products, milkshakes, baby food for babies, soups, etc.) and give it through a straw. Be sure to monitor the temperature of the food: it should not be cold or too hot - only warm.

Roseola

(sudden exanthema, sixth disease)

Pathogen: Another representative of the glorious family of herpes viruses is herpes virus type 6.

Transfer method: airborne. The infection spreads through talking, socializing, sneezing, etc.

Immunity: after an illness - lifelong. Children under 4 months have immunity received in utero from their mother. Incubation period: 3-7 days.

Contagious period: all the time of illness.

Manifestations: a sudden rise in temperature and after 3-5 days its spontaneous decrease. Simultaneously with the normalization of the temperature, a pink, small- and medium-spotted rash appears. It is located mainly on the torso and, as a rule, does not cause itching. Goes away on its own after 5 days.

Treatment: only symptomatic therapy - drinking plenty of fluids, lowering the temperature, etc.

The herpes virus worsens due to stress or infections, such as ARVI.

The disease goes away on its own, there are practically no complications.

Roseola is often called pseudorubella, because. the skin manifestations of these diseases are very similar. A distinctive feature of roseola is the appearance of rashes after a drop in temperature.

Important: as in the case of enteroviral stomatitis, a rash that does not appear on the first day of illness is often regarded as allergic. Sometimes it is really difficult to distinguish them, but an allergic rash, as a rule, itches quite a lot, but with roseola there should be no itching.

Rubella

Pathogen: Rubella virus

Transfer method: airborne. The virus is transmitted through communication, coughing, and talking.

Immunity: life. It is produced either or after vaccination. For children whose mothers had rubella or were vaccinated against it, immunity to rubella is transmitted in utero and persists for the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: from 11 to 24 days.

Contagious period: from the 7th day from infection until the rash completely disappears + another 4 days.

Manifestations: the temperature rises. A small, pale pink, non-itchy rash appears on the face, limbs, and torso, and at the same time the posterior cervical lymph nodes enlarge. The temperature lasts no more than 2-3 days, and the rash goes away on the 2-7th day from its onset.

Treatment: only symptomatic therapy: drinking plenty of fluids, lowering the temperature if necessary, etc. Children tolerate the disease easily, but adults often experience complications. Rubella is especially dangerous in the first trimester of pregnancy: the virus crosses the placenta and causes congenital rubella in the child, as a result of which the newborn may have deafness, cataracts, or. Therefore, everyone, especially girls, is strongly recommended to undergo vaccination against this disease.

Measles

Pathogen: measles virus (Polinosa morbillarum)

Transfer method: airborne. The unusually contagious and highly volatile measles virus can not only be transmitted through direct contact with a sick person, but also, for example, spread through ventilation pipes, infecting people in neighboring apartments.

Immunity: life. It is produced either after an illness or after vaccination. For children whose mothers had measles or were vaccinated against it, immunity to measles is transmitted in utero and persists for the first 6-12 months of life.

Incubation period: 9-21 days.

Contagious period: From the last two days of the incubation period until the 5th day of rash/

Manifestations: fever, cough, hoarseness, . On the 3-5th day of illness, bright, large, sometimes merging spots appear on the face, while the temperature remains. On the 2nd day, the rash appears on the torso, on the 3rd - on the limbs. Approximately on the fourth day from the moment of onset, the rashes begin to fade away in the same order as they appeared.

Treatment: symptomatic therapy: drinking plenty of fluids, darkened room (since conjunctivitis is accompanied by photophobia), antipyretics. Children under 6 years of age are prescribed antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection. Thanks to vaccination, measles has now become a fairly rare disease.

Erytherma infectiosum, or fifth disease

Pathogen: parvovirus B19

Transfer method: airborne. Most often, the infection occurs in children in organized children's groups - nurseries, kindergartens and schools.

Immunity: after an illness - lifelong.

Incubation period: 6-14 days.

Contagious period: incubation period + entire period of illness.

Manifestations: it all starts like a normal ARVI. Within 7-10 days, the child feels some discomfort (sore throat, slight runny nose, headache), but as soon as he “gets better,” a red, confluent rash appears on the cheeks, most reminiscent of mark from a slap. At the same time or after a few days, rashes appear on the torso and limbs, which form “garlands” on the skin, but do not itch. The red color of the rash quickly changes to bluish-red. Over the next two to three weeks, the temperature remains low, and the rash appears and disappears, depending on physical activity, air temperature, contact with water, etc.

Treatment: There is no specific treatment, only symptomatic therapy. The disease goes away on its own, complications are extremely rare.

Scarlet fever

Pathogen: Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.

Transfer method: airborne. The pathogen is transmitted by talking, coughing, and using common household items (dishes, toys, etc.).

Immunity: after an illness - lifelong.

Incubation period: 1-7 days.

Contagious period: the first few days of the disease.

Manifestations: the disease begins in the same way as a regular sore throat (sore throat, fever). Rashes characteristic of scarlet fever appear on the 1st-3rd day from the onset of the disease. The rash is small, bright pink, located mainly on the cheeks, groin and sides of the body and disappears after 3-7 days. The nasolabial triangle remains pale and free of rash - this is the hallmark of scarlet fever. After the rash disappears, the skin on the palms and soles begins to actively peel off.

Treatment: only broad-spectrum antibiotics. It is very important to start treatment as early as possible, because... can provoke the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatism, glomerulonephritis, autoimmune brain damage.

Sometimes the disease occurs in a mild form, without a pronounced increase in temperature, sore throat or rash. In such cases, parents only notice the sudden onset of peeling on the palms. If this happens, you should definitely consult a doctor.

Important: Since scarlet fever can provoke the development of serious autoimmune diseases, doctors recommend blood and urine tests for early diagnosis of possible complications. They are taken for the first time during illness, and then repeated two weeks after recovery. At the same time, it is recommended to do an electrocardiogram.

Educational program
The incubation period is the period when infection has already occurred, but the disease has not yet developed.
The infectious period is the time when a sick person can infect others.
It is customary to distinguish six “primary” diseases with rash: the first disease is measles, the second disease is scarlet fever, the third disease is rubella, the fourth disease is infectious mononucleosis, the fifth disease is erythema infectiosum, the sixth disease is childhood 04/24/2010 14:45:00, irra