Bleeding uterus reception. Uterine bleeding (vaginal bleeding)

Uterine bleeding is the release of blood from uterus. Unlike menstruation, with uterine bleeding, either the duration of discharge and the volume of blood released changes, or their regularity is disrupted.

Causes of uterine bleeding

Causes of uterine bleeding may be different. They are often caused by diseases of the uterus and appendages, such as fibroids, endometriosis, adenomyosis), benign and malignant tumors. Bleeding can also occur as a complication of pregnancy and childbirth. In addition, there are dysfunctional uterine bleeding - when, without visible pathology of the genital organs, their function is disrupted. They are associated with a violation of the production of hormones that affect the genital organs (disorders in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian system).

Much less often, the cause of this pathology can be so-called extragenital diseases (not related to the genital organs). Uterine bleeding can occur with liver damage, with diseases associated with blood clotting disorders (for example, von Willebrand's disease). In this case, in addition to the uterine, patients are also worried about nosebleeds, bleeding gums, bruising from minor bruises, prolonged bleeding from cuts, and others symptoms.

Symptoms of uterine bleeding

The main symptom of this pathology is bleeding from the vagina.

Unlike normal menstruation, uterine bleeding is characterized by the following features:
1. Increased blood volume. Normally, during menstruation, 40 to 80 ml of blood is released. With uterine bleeding, the volume of blood lost increases, amounting to more than 80 ml. This can be determined if there is a need to change hygiene products too often (every 0.5 - 2 hours).
2. Increased duration of bleeding. Normally, during menstruation, discharge lasts from 3 to 7 days. In case of uterine bleeding, the duration of bleeding exceeds 7 days.
3. Irregularity of discharge - on average, the menstrual cycle is 21-35 days. An increase or decrease in this interval indicates bleeding.
4. Bleeding after sexual intercourse.
5. Bleeding in postmenopause - at an age when menstruation has already stopped.

Thus, the following symptoms of uterine bleeding can be distinguished:

• Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)- excessive (more than 80 ml) and prolonged menstruation (more than 7 days), their regularity is maintained (occurs after 21-35 days).
• Metrorrhagia– irregular bleeding. They occur more often in the middle of the cycle, and are not very intense.
• Menometrorrhagia– prolonged and irregular bleeding.
• Polymenorrhea– menstruation occurring more frequently than every 21 days.

In addition, due to the loss of fairly large volumes of blood, a very common symptom of this pathology is iron deficiency anemia (decreased amount of hemoglobin in the blood). It is often accompanied by weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, and pale skin.

Types of uterine bleeding

Depending on the time of occurrence, uterine bleeding can be divided into the following types:
1. Uterine bleeding during the newborn period is scanty bloody discharge from the vagina, occurring most often in the first week of life. They are connected with the fact that during this period there is a sharp change in hormonal levels. They go away on their own and do not require treatment.
2. Uterine bleeding in the first decade (before the onset of puberty) is rare and is associated with ovarian tumors that can secrete increased amounts of sex hormones (hormone-active tumors). Thus, so-called false puberty occurs.
3. Juvenile uterine bleeding - occurs at the age of 12-18 years (puberty).
4. Bleeding during the reproductive period (ages 18 to 45) can be dysfunctional, organic, or associated with pregnancy and childbirth.
5. Uterine bleeding during menopause is caused by impaired hormone production or diseases of the genital organs.

Depending on the cause of occurrence, uterine bleeding is divided into:

• Dysfunctional bleeding(can be ovulatory or anovulatory).
• Organic bleeding- associated with pathology of the genital organs or systemic diseases (for example, diseases of the blood, liver, etc.).
• Iatrogenic bleeding– arise as a result of taking non-hormonal and hormonal contraceptives, blood thinning drugs, due to the installation of intrauterine devices.

Juvenile uterine bleeding

Juvenile uterine bleeding develops during puberty (age 12 to 18 years). Most often, the cause of bleeding in this period is ovarian dysfunction - the proper production of hormones is adversely affected by chronic infections, frequent acute respiratory viral infections, psychological trauma, physical activity, and poor nutrition. Their occurrence is characterized by seasonality - winter and spring months. Bleeding in most cases is anovulatory - i.e. due to disruption of hormone production, ovulation does not occur. Sometimes the cause of bleeding can be bleeding disorders, tumors of the ovaries, body and cervix, tuberculosis of the genital organs.
The duration and intensity of juvenile bleeding may vary. Heavy and prolonged bleeding leads to anemia, which is manifested by weakness, shortness of breath, pallor and other symptoms. In any case of bleeding in adolescence, treatment and observation should take place in a hospital setting. If bleeding occurs at home, you can ensure rest and bed rest, give 1-2 tablets of Vikasol, put a cold heating pad on the lower abdomen and call an ambulance.

Treatment, depending on the condition, can be symptomatic - the following remedies are used:

• hemostatic drugs: dicinone, vikasol, aminocaproic acid;
• uterine contractants (oxytocin);
• iron supplements;
• physiotherapeutic procedures.

If symptomatic treatment is insufficient, bleeding is stopped with the help of hormonal drugs. Curettage is performed only in cases of severe and life-threatening bleeding.

To prevent recurrent bleeding, courses of vitamins, physiotherapy, and acupuncture are prescribed. After bleeding has stopped, estrogen-progestin agents are prescribed to restore the normal menstrual cycle. Hardening and physical exercise, good nutrition, and treatment of chronic infections are of great importance in the recovery period.

Uterine bleeding during the reproductive period

During the reproductive period, there are quite a few reasons that cause uterine bleeding. These are mainly dysfunctional factors - when a violation of the correct production of hormones occurs after abortion, against the background of endocrine, infectious diseases, stress, intoxication, and taking certain medications.

During pregnancy, in the early stages, uterine bleeding can be a manifestation of miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. In the later stages, bleeding is caused by placenta previa and hydatidiform mole. During childbirth, uterine bleeding is especially dangerous; the amount of blood loss can be large. A common cause of bleeding during childbirth is placental abruption, atony or hypotension of the uterus. In the postpartum period, bleeding occurs due to parts of the membranes remaining in the uterus, uterine hypotension or bleeding disorders.

Often, various diseases of the uterus can be the causes of uterine bleeding during the childbearing period:

• myoma;
• endometriosis of the uterine body;
• benign and malignant tumors of the body and cervix;
• chronic endometritis (inflammation of the uterus);
• hormonally active ovarian tumors.

Bleeding associated with pregnancy and childbirth

In the first half of pregnancy, uterine bleeding occurs when there is a threat of interruption of a normal or ectopic pregnancy. These conditions are characterized by pain in the lower abdomen, delayed menstruation, as well as subjective signs of pregnancy. In any case, if there is bleeding after pregnancy is established, you should urgently seek medical help. In the initial stages of spontaneous miscarriage, with prompt and active treatment, pregnancy can be maintained. In the later stages, the need for curettage arises.

An ectopic pregnancy can develop in the fallopian tubes and cervix. At the first signs of bleeding, accompanied by subjective symptoms of pregnancy against the background of even a slight delay in menstruation, it is necessary to urgently seek medical help.

In the second half of pregnancy, bleeding poses a great danger to the life of the mother and fetus, so it requires urgent medical attention. Bleeding occurs when placenta previa (when the placenta does not form along the back wall of the uterus, but partially or completely blocks the entrance to the uterus), abruption of a normally located placenta, or uterine rupture. In such cases, the bleeding may be internal or external, and requires an emergency caesarean section. Women at risk of such conditions should be under close medical supervision.

During childbirth, bleeding is also associated with placental previa or placental abruption. In the postpartum period, common causes of bleeding are:

• decreased uterine tone and ability to contract;
• parts of the placenta remaining in the uterus;
• bleeding disorders.

In cases where bleeding occurs after discharge from the maternity hospital, it is necessary to call an ambulance for urgent hospitalization.

Uterine bleeding during menopause

During menopause, hormonal changes in the body occur, and uterine bleeding occurs quite often. Despite this, they can become a manifestation of more serious diseases, such as benign (fibroids, polyps) or malignant neoplasms. You should be especially wary of the appearance of bleeding in postmenopause, when menstruation has already completely stopped. It is extremely important to see a doctor at the first sign of bleeding because... In the early stages, tumor processes are more treatable. For diagnostic purposes, separate diagnostic curettage of the cervical canal and the uterine body is performed. Then a histological examination of the scraping is carried out to determine the cause of the bleeding. In case of dysfunctional uterine bleeding, it is necessary to select the optimal hormonal therapy.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Dysfunctional bleeding is one of the most common types of uterine bleeding. They can occur at any age - from puberty to menopause. The reason for their occurrence is a disruption in the production of hormones by the endocrine system - a malfunction of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovaries or adrenal glands. This complex system regulates the production of hormones that determine the regularity and duration of menstrual bleeding. Dysfunction of this system can be caused by the following pathologies:

• acute and chronic inflammation of the genital organs (ovaries, appendages, uterus);
• endocrine diseases (thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, obesity);
• stress;
• physical and mental fatigue;
• climate change.

Very often, dysfunctional bleeding is a consequence of artificial or spontaneous abortion.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding can be:
1. Ovulatory – associated with menstruation.
2. Anovulatory – occurs between menstruation.

With ovulatory bleeding, deviations occur in the duration and volume of blood released during menstruation. Anovulatory bleeding is not associated with the menstrual cycle and most often occurs after a missed period, or less than 21 days after the last menstrual period.

Ovarian dysfunction can cause infertility and miscarriage, so it is extremely important to consult a doctor promptly if any menstrual irregularities occur.

Breakthrough uterine bleeding

Uterine bleeding that occurs while taking hormonal contraceptives is called breakthrough bleeding. Such bleeding may be minor, which is a sign of a period of adaptation to the drug.

In such cases, you should consult a doctor to review the dose of the drug used. Most often, if breakthrough bleeding occurs, it is recommended to temporarily increase the dose of the drug taken. If the bleeding does not stop or becomes more profuse, additional examination should be carried out, since the cause may be various diseases of the reproductive system. Bleeding can also occur if the walls of the uterus are damaged by the intrauterine device. In this case, it is necessary to remove the spiral as soon as possible.

Which doctor should I contact if I have uterine bleeding?

If uterine bleeding occurs, regardless of the age of the woman or girl, you should contact gynecologist (make an appointment). If uterine bleeding begins in a girl or young girl, it is advisable to contact a pediatric gynecologist. But if for some reason it is impossible to get to one, then you should contact a regular gynecologist at a antenatal clinic or a private clinic.

Unfortunately, uterine bleeding can be a sign not only of a long-term chronic disease of a woman’s internal genital organs, which requires routine examination and treatment, but also symptoms of an emergency condition. Emergency conditions mean acute diseases in which a woman needs urgent qualified medical care to save her life. And if such assistance in case of emergency bleeding is not provided, the woman will die.

Accordingly, you need to contact a gynecologist at the clinic for uterine bleeding when there are no signs of an emergency. If uterine bleeding is combined with signs of an emergency condition, then you should immediately call an ambulance or use your own transport as soon as possible to get to the nearest hospital with a gynecological department. Let's consider in what cases uterine bleeding should be considered as an emergency.

First of all, all women should know that uterine bleeding at any stage of pregnancy (even if the pregnancy is not confirmed, but there is a delay of at least a week) should be considered an emergency condition, since the release of blood, as a rule, is provoked by threats to the life of the fetus and future mothers with conditions such as placental abruption, miscarriage, etc. And in such conditions, a woman should be provided with qualified assistance to save her life and, if possible, preserve the life of the gestating fetus.

Secondly, uterine bleeding that begins during or some time after sexual intercourse should be considered a sign of an emergency. Such bleeding may be due to pregnancy pathology or severe trauma to the genital organs during previous intercourse. In such a situation, help for a woman is vital, since in her absence the bleeding will not stop, and the woman will die from blood loss incompatible with life. To stop bleeding in such a situation, it is necessary to sutured all ruptures and injuries to the internal genital organs or terminate the pregnancy.

Thirdly, an emergency condition should be considered uterine bleeding, which turns out to be profuse, does not decrease over time, is combined with severe pain in the lower abdomen or lower back, causes a sharp deterioration in health, paleness, decreased blood pressure, palpitations, increased sweating, and possibly fainting. A general characteristic of an emergency condition with uterine bleeding is the fact of a sharp deterioration in a woman’s well-being, when she cannot perform simple household and everyday activities (she cannot stand up, turn her head, it is difficult for her to speak, if she tries to sit up in bed, she immediately falls, etc.) , but literally lies flat or even unconscious.

What tests and examinations can a doctor prescribe for uterine bleeding?

Despite the fact that uterine bleeding can be provoked by various diseases, when they occur, the same examination methods (tests and instrumental diagnostics) are used. This is due to the fact that the pathological process during uterine bleeding is localized in the same organs - the uterus or ovaries.

Moreover, at the first stage, various examinations are carried out to assess the condition of the uterus, since most often uterine bleeding is caused by the pathology of this particular organ. And only if, after the examination, the pathology of the uterus was not detected, methods of examining the functioning of the ovaries are used, since in such a situation the bleeding is caused by a disorder of the regulatory function of the ovaries. That is, the ovaries do not produce the required amount of hormones at different periods of the menstrual cycle, and therefore bleeding occurs as a response to hormonal imbalance.

So, in case of uterine bleeding, first of all, the doctor prescribes the following tests and examinations:

• General blood analysis ;
• Coagulogram (indicators of the blood coagulation system) (sign up);
• Gynecological examination (make an appointment) and inspection in mirrors;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs (sign up).

A complete blood count is needed to assess the extent of blood loss and whether the woman has developed anemia. Also, a general blood test can reveal whether there are inflammatory processes in the body that can cause dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

A coagulogram allows you to evaluate the functioning of the blood coagulation system. And if the coagulogram parameters are not normal, then the woman should consult and undergo the necessary treatment with hematologist (make an appointment).

A gynecological examination allows the doctor to feel with his hands various neoplasms in the uterus and ovaries and determine the presence of an inflammatory process by changes in the consistency of the organs. And examination in the mirrors allows you to see the cervix and vagina, identify neoplasms in the cervical canal or suspect cervical cancer.

Ultrasound is a highly informative method that allows you to identify inflammatory processes, tumors, cysts, polyps in the uterus and ovaries, endometrial hyperplasia, as well as endometriosis. That is, in fact, ultrasound allows you to identify almost all diseases that can cause uterine bleeding. But, unfortunately, the information content of ultrasound is not sufficient for a final diagnosis, since this method only provides guidance in the diagnosis - for example, ultrasound can detect uterine fibroids or endometriosis, but it is possible to establish the exact location of the tumor or ectopic foci, determine their type and assess the condition of the organ and surrounding tissues - it is impossible. Thus, ultrasound makes it possible to determine the type of existing pathology, but to clarify its various parameters and determine the causes of this disease, it is necessary to use other examination methods.

When a gynecological examination, speculum examination, ultrasound, and a general blood test and coagulogram will be performed, it depends on what pathological process was identified in the genital organs. Based on these examinations, the doctor may prescribe the following diagnostic procedures:

• Separate diagnostic curettage (sign up);
• Hysteroscopy (sign up);
• Magnetic resonance imaging (sign up).

So, if endometrial hyperplasia, polyps of the cervical canal or endometrium, or endometritis are detected, the doctor usually prescribes separate diagnostic curettage followed by histological examination of the material. Histology allows us to understand whether there is a malignant tumor or malignancy of normal tissue in the uterus. In addition to curettage, the doctor may prescribe hysteroscopy, during which the uterus and cervical canal are examined from the inside with a special device - a hysteroscope. In this case, hysteroscopy is usually performed first, and then curettage.

If fibroids or other uterine tumors are detected, the doctor prescribes hysteroscopy in order to examine the organ cavity and see the tumor with the eye.

If endometriosis has been identified, the doctor may prescribe magnetic resonance imaging in order to clarify the location of ectopic foci. In addition, if endometriosis is detected, the doctor may prescribe a blood test for the content of follicle-stimulating, luteinizing hormones, and testosterone in order to clarify the causes of the disease.

If cysts, tumors or inflammation have been identified in the ovaries, additional examinations are not carried out, as they are not needed. The only thing the doctor can prescribe in this case is laparoscopic surgery (make an appointment) for removal of tumors and conservative treatment for the inflammatory process.

In the case when, according to the results Ultrasound (sign up), gynecological examination and speculum examination did not reveal any pathology of the uterus or ovaries; dysfunctional bleeding is assumed due to a hormonal imbalance in the body. In such a situation, the doctor prescribes the following tests to determine the concentration of hormones that can affect the menstrual cycle and the appearance of uterine bleeding:

• Blood test for cortisol (hydrocortisone) levels;
• Blood test for the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin);
• Blood test for triiodothyronine (T3) level;
• Blood test for thyroxine (T4) level;
• Blood test for the presence of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (AT-TPO);
• Blood test for the presence of antibodies to thyroglobulin (AT-TG);
• Blood test for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels;
• Blood test for luteinizing hormone (LH) levels;
• Blood test for prolactin level (sign up);
• Blood test for estradiol levels;
• Blood test for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DEA-S04);
• Blood test for testosterone levels;
• Blood test for sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels;
• Blood test for the level of 17-OH progesterone (17-OP) (sign up).

Treatment of uterine bleeding

Treatment of uterine bleeding is aimed primarily at stopping bleeding, replenishing blood loss, as well as eliminating the cause and preventing it. All bleeding is treated in a hospital setting, because First of all, it is necessary to carry out diagnostic measures to determine their cause.

Methods to stop bleeding depend on age, its cause, and the severity of the condition. One of the main methods of surgically stopping bleeding is separate diagnostic curettage - it also helps to identify the cause of this symptom. To do this, a scraping of the endometrium (mucous membrane) is sent for histological examination. Curettage is not performed for juvenile bleeding (only if severe bleeding does not stop under the influence of hormones and is life threatening). Another way to stop bleeding is hormonal hemostasis (use of large doses of hormones - estrogen or combined oral contraceptives Mirena). If intrauterine pathology is detected, chronic endometritis, endometrial polyps, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, and endometrial hyperplasia are treated.

Hemostatic agents used for uterine
bleeding

Hemostatic agents are used for uterine bleeding as part of symptomatic treatment. Most often prescribed:

• dicinone;
• ethamsylate;
• vikasol;
• calcium preparations;
• aminocaproic acid.

In addition, drugs that contract the uterus - oxytocin, pituitrin, hyfotocin - have a hemostatic effect during uterine bleeding. All of these drugs are most often prescribed in addition to surgical or hormonal methods of stopping bleeding.

Dicinone for uterine bleeding

Dicynone (etamsylate) is one of the most common drugs used for uterine bleeding. Belongs to the group of hemostatic (hemostatic) drugs. Dicynone acts directly on the walls of capillaries (the smallest vessels), reduces their permeability and fragility, improves microcirculation (blood flow in the capillaries), and also improves blood clotting in places where small vessels are damaged. However, it does not cause hypercoagulation (increased blood clot formation) and does not constrict blood vessels.

The drug begins to act within 5-15 minutes after intravenous administration. Its effect lasts 4-6 hours.

Dicinone is contraindicated in the following cases:

• thrombosis and thromboembolism;
• malignant blood diseases;
• hypersensitivity to the drug.

The method of administration and dose is determined by the doctor in each specific case of bleeding. For menorrhagia, it is recommended to take dicinone tablets, starting on the 5th day of the expected menstruation and ending on the fifth day of the next cycle.

What to do with prolonged uterine bleeding?

With prolonged uterine bleeding, it is important to seek medical help as soon as possible. If signs of severe anemia appear, it is necessary to call an ambulance to stop the bleeding and further observation in the hospital.

Main signs of anemia:

• severe weakness;
• dizziness;
• decreased blood pressure;
• increased heart rate;
• pale skin;

Folk remedies

As folk remedies for the treatment of uterine bleeding, decoctions and extracts of yarrow, water pepper, shepherd's purse, nettle, raspberry leaves, burnet and other medicinal plants are used. Here are some simple recipes:
1. Infusion of yarrow herb: 2 teaspoons of dry herb are poured with a glass of boiling water, left for 1 hour and filtered. Take 4 times a day, 1/4 cup of infusion before meals.
2. Infusion of shepherd's purse herb: 1 tablespoon of dry herb is poured with a glass of boiling water, left for 1 hour, pre-wrapped, then filtered. Take 1 tablespoon, 3-4 times a day before meals.
3.

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Bleeding from the uterus is a serious health problem for women. It is very important to establish the cause of the appearance of such symptoms, since this may be the first sign of serious diseases such as fibroids, endometriosis, and polyps. These diseases require immediate consultation with a specialist and treatment. Sometimes you can mistake bleeding in gynecology for heavy periods and miss important symptoms of the disease, which the woman does not even know about. This leads to untimely diagnosis and the development of complications that pose a serious threat to the life and health of the female body. To avoid such situations, it is important to be attentive to your health and consult a doctor in time.

Please note that this text was prepared without the support of our website.

Heavy periods and their causes

The release of large amounts of blood during menstruation should alert a girl, especially if they continue for several cycles in a row. In gynecology, this condition, bordering on pathology, is called menorrhagia or hypermenorrhea. It is characterized by the appearance of large amounts of blood during menstruation. This condition is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen and significantly complicates the usual rhythm of life.

Sometimes hypermenorrhea is provoked by certain factors:

1. Taking combined oral contraceptives;
2. Placement of a hormonal intrauterine device the day before;
3. The presence of diseases requiring the use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents to thin the blood and prevent thrombosis;
4. Correction of hormone levels using drug therapy;
5. Heavy physical training and exercise regime shortly before menstruation;
6. Severe stressful situation;
7. Change of climatic conditions.

If heavy bleeding lasts throughout the entire period of menstruation, this indicates the presence of a gynecological disease that requires diagnosis and treatment. To do this, you need to consult a doctor who will identify the cause of heavy menstruation.

Some body conditions can provoke heavy menstrual flow, but in such cases, menorrhagia is considered physiological:

• The formation of menstrual function in adolescents within two years after the onset of the first menstruation;
• Abortion;
• Surgeries on the uterus or ovaries;
• Beginning of menopause;
• The presence of concomitant diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary system).

Diseases leading to heavy menstruation

Even a slight change in hormonal levels, namely progesterone, causes endometrial hyperproduction. This leads to increased rejection during menstruation. Accordingly, this is accompanied by severe bleeding from the uterus. Most often, heavy bleeding is caused by the following pathological conditions:

1. Endometriosis;
2. Uterine fibroids;
3. Benign tumors and polyps;
4. Neck bend;
5. Inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system;
6. Malignant diseases of the pelvic organs.

The earlier the existing pathology is identified, the greater the chance of a complete recovery. All diseases that lead to heavy bleeding cause quite serious harm to a woman’s health, so timely seeking medical help is the right decision.

Menstrual bleeding is sometimes combined with discharge outside the cycle. This is called menometrorrhagia. They are a sign of inflammatory processes, mechanical or traumatic damage, dysplasia of the epithelium lining the uterine or vaginal cavity. Sometimes bleeding can be a symptom of several pathologies, so it is important to pay close attention to your health.

Bleeding during menstruation

Heavy bleeding during menstruation is characterized by the following symptoms:

• Premature onset of bleeding;
• The onset of menstruation later than usual;
• Excessive bleeding, requiring a large amount of hygiene products;
• The presence of blood clots, which has not previously been observed;
• Heavy periods are accompanied by initial signs of anemia, weakness, loss of appetite, pallor;
• The presence of cramping pain in the lower abdomen of a pressing or aching nature of medium to high intensity.

Heavy monthly bleeding disrupts the menstrual cycle, so it is impossible to predict when the next menstruation will occur.

Symptoms of heavy menstruation

The woman’s general condition also changes – a feeling of unmotivated fatigue, lethargy, and apathy appears. Sometimes women report complete powerlessness and the inability to get out of bed. This is due to a decrease in the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin, which the body loses along with spotting. If you do not pay attention to the existing problem and do not consult a doctor in time, hair loss and deterioration of the condition of the skin and hair will occur. The skin of such girls acquires a marble-gray tint and becomes moist.

Sometimes normal menstruation has the character of heavy bleeding. They can be mistaken for bleeding from the uterus, but the main difference is the regularity and cyclical nature of the discharge, taking into account the menstrual cycle. Any change in the nature or quantity of menstruation should be wary and taken into account. It happens that a lack of vitamins leads to heavy menstruation. In such cases, normalization of nutrition and a course of vitamin therapy will help eliminate this condition.

The following situations can help in determining changes in the nature of menstruation:

1. Is there a need to change hygiene products at night?
2. How does heavy menstruation affect a woman’s general condition?
3. Do you have to change your usual rhythm of life during menstruation?
4. Are visible blood clots detected?
5. Whether anemia or general symptoms of malaise were detected;
6. Do you experience pain during heavy menstruation?

These simple questions will help a woman independently determine what new signs have appeared along with the bleeding. If affirmative answers to the questions are given and symptoms of malaise are identified, you need to make an appointment with a gynecologist.

Very severe bleeding can be life-threatening, so in case of such manifestations you need to react quickly, try to stop the bleeding by taking a certain position and call an ambulance, since self-medication can lead to more serious consequences.

Some medicinal herbs and medications can cause heavy bleeding. Among them:

• Sage leaf;
• Ginseng root;
• Common prutnyak;
• Antidepressants;
• Antipsychotic drugs;
• Glucocorticosteroids.

Uterine bleeding with clots

The appearance of uterine bleeding with clots occurs if women have a special structure of the internal genital organs. If there is a pathology in the structure of the uterus, the blood in it stagnates with the further formation of clots. With an increased level of the female sex hormone progesterone in the blood, the endometrium tends to actively grow and quickly shed.

There are a number of reasons that contribute to the formation of blood clots:

1. Pathology of the blood coagulation system increases the formation of blood clots and clots;
2. Disruption of the pituitary gland, accompanied by overproduction of the hormone estrogen, which leads to stimulation of follicle maturation and accelerated menstruation;
3. Inflammatory process of the pelvic organs in the acute stage or unstable remission;
4. Proliferation of the inner layer of the uterine cavity with the further formation of endometriosis;
5. The presence of a tumor in the uterine cavity;
6. Placental abruption during pregnancy.

Each case of blood clots during heavy menstruation requires special attention. Diseases manifested by uterine bleeding with clots require full diagnosis and treatment.

How to stop heavy uterine bleeding

The discharge of copious amounts of blood from the uterus can continue for a long time. This is accompanied by loss of formed elements and can lead to serious consequences in the form of hemorrhagic shock. If help is not provided in time and no attempt is made to stop the bleeding, the woman may die from blood loss.

To stop bleeding, you need to follow several rules:

1. Place a cold compress or ice on the lower abdomen;
2. In case of bleeding, complete rest and strict bed rest are recommended, so the woman needs to lie on her back;
3. Raise your legs above your head to ensure blood flow to the head;
4. If you have lost a large amount of blood, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids to replenish the volume of circulating blood. Sweet tea, compote or water will do.

There is no need to take medications at home on your own, as this can lead to undesirable effects and worsening of your general condition. It's better to call an ambulance.

Bleeding due to uterine fibroids

Bleeding from uterine fibroids can occur suddenly outside the cycle. Heavy discharge poses a real threat to human health and life.

Bleeding from uterine fibroids occurs in the following cases:

• Increased levels of estrogen in the blood serum;
• Uneven growth of the mucous layer of the uterus;
• The presence of a large node in the submucosa;
• Rapid tumor growth.

Nodes less than three centimeters are most often asymptomatic. Sometimes uterine fibroids are combined with endometriosis. In this case, this aggravates the condition and increases the likelihood of bleeding from the uterus.

Causes of bleeding with uterine fibroids

Among the many reasons for the development of bleeding from the uterus with fibroids, the main ones can be identified:

1. Rapid growth of the endometrium and an increase in the size of the uterine cavity;
2. Decreased contractility of the muscle layer;
3. Active growth of vessels feeding the uterus and a large number of venous plexuses;
4. Decreased elasticity and tone of blood vessels;
5. Hyperplasia of the muscle layer.

Bleeding with fibroids can be different: from spotting in the middle of the cycle to heavy bleeding, which is accompanied by a large number of clots. In addition to the symptoms of bleeding, pain of an aching or cramping nature is associated with localization in the lower abdomen, radiating to the sacrum or perineal area.

Bleeding from uterine fibroids during menopause

As a woman ages, her hormonal levels decrease and she enters menopause. Monthly bleeding from the uterine cavity decreases in duration and subsequently disappears completely. When fibroids and menopause are combined, spotting may appear spontaneously and unexpectedly against the background of a complete absence of menstruation for a year. In this case, this is an alarming signal for the woman and a reason to immediately consult a doctor. If bleeding increases in length of days and amount of blood every month, this is also a reason to consult a gynecologist.

Symptoms of bleeding with fibroids

Due to incomplete shedding of the endometrium, the uterus cannot contract completely. This leads to bleeding. The main features are:

• Profuse bleeding from the vagina;
• General weakness, pallor;
• Dizziness;
• Weak pulse;
• Brief loss of consciousness.

Heavy periods or bleeding - how to identify and distinguish

In order to determine whether bleeding or menstruation has occurred, it is important to keep an observation diary and a menstrual cycle calendar. By the date of the onset of menstruation, you can understand whether the bleeding is regular or extraordinary. There are some other diagnostic methods:

1. A large amount of blood released most often indicates bleeding. Typically, during menstruation, the volume of blood that leaves the body is up to 80 ml. When bleeding, bloody discharge is released in larger quantities;
2. The consistency of menstrual blood is thicker and denser. And when bleeding, the blood is often clotted and has a liquid consistency;
3. In terms of duration, menstrual bleeding disappears in 5-7 days. If bleeding develops, the duration of this condition is unpredictable;
4. The color during uterine bleeding is very different from the dark cherry color during menstruation. It becomes scarlet, deep red or crimson due to the presence of a large number of red blood cells;
5. When bleeding occurs, the specific smell that is observed during menstruation disappears.

For further treatment of such pathological conditions, accurate diagnosis and subsequent treatment are important.

It is important to carefully study the nature of the bleeding to understand its cause and location. To do this, it is best to contact a clinic that specializes in gynecological problems, has an extensive diagnostic base for identifying uterine fibroids and highly qualified specialists at the slightest suspicion of bleeding. Doctors working at the European Clinic and the Center for Family Planning and Reproduction carefully study the problems of the female reproductive system and take an individual approach to such delicate issues. Specialists have been working since 2002. During this time, more than 6,000 successful uterine artery embolization operations were performed.

How to stop or reduce period bleeding

Treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding should be comprehensive. The main principles of therapy are:

1. Prevent bleeding and the development of hemorrhagic shock;
2. Eliminate signs of an anemic condition;
3. Prevent the development of heavy uterine bleeding in the future.

Sometimes you can prevent increased bleeding during your period. To do this, you need to follow simple recommendations:

• Avoid taking a hot bath;
• Avoid visiting the sauna or steam bath;
• Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous physical labor;
• Do not take anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents;
• Include herbal soothing teas in your diet.

It is important to help a woman with bleeding as early as possible. To do this, you need to lay her down, calm her down and put cold on her stomach.

The sooner qualified assistance is provided, the fewer complications heavy uterine bleeding will cause.

If the bleeding is not very heavy, you can prepare infusions of medicinal herbs. Of these, a decoction of nettle or shepherd's purse is used. To prepare the drink, add 20 grams of dry herb to a glass of boiling water, let it brew and take it daily on an empty stomach. Herbal decoctions will not stop uterine bleeding completely, but can reduce its intensity.

Drug therapy

Among the drugs used are drugs from two groups: vasoconstrictors and hemostatics. These include dicynon, vikasol, tranexam and others. In addition, drugs are used that restore the volume of circulating blood, iron supplements to eliminate signs of anemia, vitamins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The entire range of medications has its own indications and contraindications, so you cannot prescribe them yourself. The doctor also chooses the dose of the drug, based on the degree of blood loss and the cause of bleeding. Self-medication will lead to a worsening of the condition and the development of complications. Therefore, it is very important to choose the right specialist who will carefully collect complaints and medical history and prescribe all the necessary diagnostic measures to make a diagnosis.

If all of the above methods are ineffective in the fight against heavy uterine bleeding, surgical treatment is resorted to. Among them:

• Diagnostic curettage of the uterine cavity and endometrium;
• Uterine artery embolization method;
• Excision of the myomatous node;
• Polypectomy;
• Endometrial ablation;
• Hysterectomy.

To carry out such operations, you need to take the choice of a clinic seriously.

The European Clinic and Center for Family Planning and Reproduction specialize in solving gynecological problems, studying the problems of uterine fibroids and introducing world-class treatment methods. Many women with fibroids dream of becoming pregnant. This will become possible after contacting the clinic. Experienced doctors will select the appropriate treatment protocol. A treatment method such as uterine artery embolization has been introduced into practice. This minimally invasive procedure will help get rid of the problem of heavy uterine bleeding. The procedure is carried out using a certified innovative drug Embosin. An endovascular surgeon who performs UAE operations, together with 14 doctors from the clinic, were awarded the highest medical award in Russia, “Calling”.

Treatment of heavy menstruation and uterine bleeding in Moscow

A wide range of diseases that are accompanied by heavy uterine bleeding require careful diagnosis and treatment. We perform UAE and use other methods for the removal and treatment of uterine fibroids at two main clinical sites in Moscow: the European Clinic and the Center for Family Planning and Reproduction. Consultation with leading gynecologists can be obtained online or by telephone. The attending physician will review the problem and make an appointment at any convenient time. The price for a consultation in Moscow can also be obtained by phone. High-tech equipment will help you see the problem, and experienced candidates of medical sciences, using all their experience in gynecological surgery, will relieve the woman of problems with heavy bleeding from the uterus. Operating doctors perform up to 600 operations per year on uterine artery embolization and are among the top five leading doctors in Europe.

Uterine bleeding- discharge of blood from the uterus. Observed in women:

1. normal – during menstruation (this bleeding is not dangerous, although it can be heavy with clots);
2. in case of pathology, an urgent visit to a gynecologist is necessary, since this type of blood loss cannot be stopped at home.

Heavy bleeding from the uterus is a dangerous sign of trouble in the female body. Under no circumstances should this symptom be ignored, because the person may weaken and die from blood loss. Severe blood loss through damaged uterine tissue is most often observed during complicated childbirth with tears and ruptures of the muscular uterine walls.

Let's talk about how to stop heavy uterine bleeding with clots during menstruation and pathologies from the uterus at home.

Attention!!!

Always, if there is a rapid loss of blood, immediately call an ambulance and take first aid measures to stop or at least reduce the intensity of bleeding!

Bleeding from the uterus: norm and pathology

Uterine bleeding is observed monthly in healthy women of reproductive age. Let's consider the signs of the difference between menstruation and pathological hemorrhage:

1. regularity - menstruation occurs once every 21-30 days, not more often;
2. profuseness - during menstruation, the discharge of blood from the uterus increases in the first three days and then decreases;
3. painful sensations – during menstruation, as a rule, there is minor discomfort or absence of pain;
4. Duration – menstruation lasts up to 7 days, and abnormal bleeding is usually longer.

Bleeding can also occur in girls who have not yet entered puberty.

Hemorrhages: causes of development

Pathological bleeding from the uterus can appear at any age. Usually, in girls and young girls, this condition does not require serious treatment. But during menopause, bleeding from a woman’s genitals is an alarming sign. An urgent consultation with a gynecologist is needed!

Pathological heavy and moderate uterine bleeding is caused by:

1. functional failures of the physiological complex hypothalamus-pituitary-ovaries;
2. hyperplasia (proliferation) of the endometrium (accompanied by prolonged heavy bleeding), because with endometrial hyperplasia, the uterine mucosa is rejected;
3. diseases of the uterus and its appendages, including neoplasms (bleeds intensely with uterine fibroids);
4. somatic pathologies (liver diseases);
5. low blood clotting (here, uterine bleeding is usually combined with hemorrhages from the nose, gums, and cuts);
6. disorders of the thyroid gland;
7. complicated pregnancy and difficult childbirth;
8. anemia;
9. the use of contraceptives - oral and intrauterine, blood thinning medications;
10. uncontrolled, untreated hypertension.

First aid: how to stop uterine bleeding at home

If signs and symptoms of uterine bleeding are detected, immediately call emergency services. Especially if bleeding occurs in a pregnant woman.

External signs: what it looks like

The woman outwardly looks very pale, weakened, has a weak pulse, low blood pressure.

Subjective symptoms: what does he complain about, what does he report?

The woman experiences (reports) severe weakness and fainting.

What you need and can do

First aid for uterine bleeding at home is to, if not completely stop the blood, then at least slow down its loss. You need to call a gynecologist or an ambulance paramedic, or take her to the first aid station, gynecological department (surgical) of the hospital at the place of residence (or location).

It may not be possible to find out the reason why the blood is bleeding without examining a specialist.

1. Lay the patient down and provide her with peace. It is recommended to elevate your legs to improve blood supply to vital organs and prevent loss of consciousness.
2. Place an ice pack (a plastic bottle filled with frozen or cold water) on the woman's lower abdomen. After 15 minutes, take a five-minute break.
3. Give the patient plenty of warm drink to replenish fluid: black tea, rosehip decoction, plain water.
4. Give a hemostatic agent ( Dicynone).

What not to do

1. warm the stomach;
2. take a hot bath;
3. take medications that cause uterine contractions;
4. douche.

Be careful when self-administering medications due to side effects. After the arrival of the ambulance team, further therapy is usually carried out in a hospital setting.

After childbirth, bleeding from the uterus with low pressure is often caused by poor tone of the uterine muscles.

Treatment is medicinal

For uterine bleeding, hemostatic drugs are used along with hormonal agents.

The following medications are usually prescribed in the form of intramuscular injections or intravenous infusions in saline (they put in a “system”):

1. Aminocaproic acid;
2. Vikasol;
3. Dicynone;
4. Calcium chloride;
5. Contrikal;
6. Oxytocin;
7. Tranexam;
8. Fibrinogen;
9. Etamzilat.

For heavy bleeding from the uterus with clots, the same drugs are used intravenously. This way they act faster.

Folk remedies at home

For uncomplicated and non-dangerous uterine bleeding, with the permission of a gynecologist, some folk remedies are used at home.

Home remedies in the form of medicinal plants and herbs are unacceptable for uncontrolled use. Daily intake is limited to three tablespoons.

The combination of official medicinal methods of therapy and treatment with traditional medicine helps to quickly stop bleeding and prevent relapses of the disease.

Highlander

Pochechuynik contains:

1. acids (acetic and malic);
2. vitamins K and C;
3. tannin (phenolic compound with tanning properties);
4. essential oils.

The herb helps strengthen the walls of blood vessels, reduce blood pressure and increase blood viscosity.

To prepare the infusion, take 3 teaspoons of kidneyweed, pour 1 glass of boiling water and leave for 2 hours, covered. Apply the infusion orally three times a day, 1 tablespoon on an empty stomach.

Contraindications: cannot be used

1. when carrying a child;
2. for renal pathologies;
3. for diseases of the urinary system;
4. for thrombosis and cardiovascular disorders.

water pepper

This plant has a beneficial effect on a woman’s reproductive organs due to the components it contains:

1. organic acids;
2. tannin;
3. vitamin K;
4. cardiac glycosides (rutin, polygoperine);
5. essential oils.

In case of uterine bleeding, tincture of water pepper helps improve blood clotting, tones the vessels of the uterus, and stabilizes the functioning of its smooth muscles. The tincture is very effective for bleeding after childbirth.

Preparation recipe: grind the raw materials, pour 1 tablespoon of herbs into 1 glass of boiling water. Infuse for 2 hours, wrapping the vessel, filter. Take tincture of water pepper before meals, 1 tablespoon three times a day.

Remember: Water pepper is contraindicated for girls under 12 years of age and pregnant women.

Contraindications: cannot be used for

1. ischemia;
2. hypertension;
3. thrombophlebitis;
4. kidney diseases;
5. brain pathologies;
6. individual intolerance.

Ready-made liquid water pepper extract can be purchased at a pharmacy. True, for those for whom ethyl alcohol is contraindicated, there is an alternative remedy: tablets Hydropiperine.

Shepherd's Purse

Preparations made on the basis of a medicinal herb - shepherd's purse - are used quite widely for uterine bleeding. This medicinal plant contains:

1. alkaloids;
2. organic acids;
3. glycosides;
4. choline;
5. vitamin C;
6. tannin;
7. riboflavin.

The components of the shepherd's purse stimulate the secretion of fibrin (this improves blood clotting and causes uterine contractions).

Contraindications:

1. pregnancy,
2. haemorrhoids.

Nettle

In traditional medicine, the medicinal properties of nettle for uterine bleeding are used in the same way as in folk medicine. The properties of nettle help stop bleeding because it contains a number of:

1. organic acids;
2. vitamins K, C, A, B;
3. phytoncides;
4. esculina;
5. glycosides;
6. tannin.

You can buy ready-made nettle extract at the pharmacy and take it three times a day, 20-35 drops in a tablespoon of water, this will normalize the menstrual cycle.

To prepare nettle infusion, do the following: pour 1 tablespoon of the raw material with a glass of boiling water and simmer over low heat for several minutes. Next, cool and filter. Take 2 tablespoons orally before meals three to five times a day.

Nettle is contraindicated for:

1. hypertension;
2. kidney diseases;
3. thrombophlebitis.

Popular folk recipes

I give as an example a list of folk recipes that in the past folk healers used to pacify or stop bleeding.

1. Clear peel from six oranges. Place the peel in a saucepan with one and a half liters of water. Then put on fire and boil until the entire volume is boiled down to half a liter. Take one-fourth of a glass orally three times a day.
2. One tablespoon yarrow simmer slowly over heat in one glass of water for about ten minutes. Drink a decoction of one third of a glass three times a day before meals.
3. Take one teaspoon horsetail, pour a glass of boiling water into a jar, leave for 2 hours, wrapped. Strain and take 1 tablespoon orally three times a day.
4. Dry grape leaves grind into powder. Take 1 tablespoon of powder orally 4 times a day.
5. Three tablespoons clover pour a glass of boiling water and leave for 2 hours, covered. They drink it like tea.
6. 2 tablespoons raspberry leaves pour one glass of boiling water, leave for 2 hours, wrapped. Take half a glass four times a day.
7. Take 1 tablespoon St. John's wort and pour 1 glass of boiling water, wrap, leave for 2 hours. Take orally 3 times a day, one third of a glass.

At home, you can stop uterine bleeding that is not dangerous during menstruation. But stopping heavy bleeding is the task of specialists.

Before choosing any remedy to stop or reduce bleeding, consult your gynecologist!

Video on the topic

How to stop uterine bleeding: 100% method

Violet Ibell's video channel.

In this video I share valuable experience. I have been using this method of stopping bleeding and preventing it like a woman for 6 years now!

Bleeding from the uterus due to fibroids - how to stop?

Maria Milani – Women's Health Academy – www.acwomen.ru.

Uterine fibroids are often accompanied by heavy menstruation or bleeding in the middle of the cycle, which is often caused not by the fibroid itself, but by concomitant internal and external endometriosis or adenomyosis.

Such conditions can harm a woman - losing a large amount of blood, the body experiences oxygen starvation, and anemia develops. However, uterine bleeding in the presence of fibroids is the most dangerous - every woman should know how to stop it and prevent the development of hemorrhagic shock.

Let's consider the questions:

1. How does uterine bleeding manifest?
2. Why does bleeding take longer and is more difficult to stop with fibroids?
3. What to do if there is uterine bleeding?
4. Prevention of uterine bleeding.

You can learn more about how to overcome the disease yourself and avoid removal of fibroids in the book “Uterine Fibroids. How to become healthy,” which contains effective methods for strengthening women’s health.

You can get the book for free on the website www.acwomen.ru in the Free section - http://acwomen.ru/kniga/.

Maria Milani and the Women's Health Academy are with you.

Contacts:

• +7 985 772 88 09
• +7 911 139 16 24 (Viber)
• +375 29 662 25 09
• Email address for contacts:
• Official website of the Women's Health Academy www.acwomen.ru.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding: symptoms, signs and treatment methods

Oksana Bozhenova (vashezdorove).

Uterine bleeding: causes, how to stop, treatment

On the video channel MedPort.ru (http://med-port.ru/).

Uterine bleeding: causes, how to stop, treatment. Our expert is Professor Armen Eduardovich Ter-Hovakimyan. TV show “Doctor I” from May 16, 2017. TVC channel.

Health problem: Uterine bleeding

On the video channel “Live Healthy!”

Uterine bleeding in premenopause

On the HealthCare video channel.

Healing mood of G. N. Sytin: Stopping uterine bleeding plus Reiki

Irina Bannykh talks in this video.

Sytin’s settings were constantly tested on various technical equipment. With the help of sensors, all kinds of readings of the body's reactions during speech exposure were taken.

“Method G.N. Sytin was checked more than once by the USSR Ministry of Health, the Institute of Biophysics of the Academy of Medical Sciences, the Research Institute of Forensic Psychiatry named after. V.P. Serbian. The conclusions of authoritative commissions are unequivocal: the method is recognized as valid and effective. But its use was hampered by the conservatism of some representatives of our official medicine” (PhD V.I. Vyunitsky).

The SOEVS method, successfully used in healthcare, in sports, in the cosmonaut training center, is aimed at managing all body systems; it is believed that it makes it possible to restore health even with “incurable” diseases.

“Sytin’s Moods” are carefully selected, verified texts, each with its own “problem,” the regular repetition of which, penetrating into the subconscious, carries out certain work to improve the health of the body.

How to stop your period: bleeding during your period if it has already started

On the video channel "Family".

If you are wondering how to stop your period, you should watch this video and learn how to stop bleeding during your period.

There are pills that stop this process, and it is believed that they help if it has already started. In any case, only a gynecologist can help and prescribe a medicine, drug or procedure and give advice on how to stop them for a day at home, if they are abundant and whether this can be done if they go on for a long time.

Some girls say it helps to use medicine dicinone, vikasol, stopping bleeding, if with clots quickly reduce this matter and eliminate pain even during menopause or for 1 day, when it lasts a long time. There are heavy periods with clots, like blood pouring out of a bucket. How is your period going?

Strong traditional medicine and folk remedies recommend stopping it in different ways, including nettle will help for a couple of days and urgently for an hour. If they are long lasting and do not end, they may prescribe tranex, but you only need to find out everything from a doctor, and not from school or from a friend. Some people advise doing everything lemon, and others treat analgin, take water pepper, ethamsylate, give an injection on the first day or 2 weeks, when it goes away, and also on the last day, take birth control and learn how to take vikasol after menstruation to remove spotting.

The problem happens with fibroids, 9 days in a row when they heal dicinone long or protracted duphaston. Sometimes it helps for a few hours ascorutin, but all methods do not provide a guarantee unless the doctor does an examination. There is lemon-colored discharge in women. What happens in the body during menstruation.

Hemostatic drugs for heavy periods

Video channel “Catch the answer!”

Before taking anything, you should definitely consult your doctor. Because the discharge that a woman mistakes for menstruation may actually turn out to be uterine bleeding.

A hemostatic agent is prescribed to avoid the development of anemia if daily blood loss exceeds 80 ml. This clearly means that a pad with a high degree and volume of absorption is changed every 1-2 hours.

Uterine bleeding, characterized by bright red discharge and intense outflow, requires medical intervention.

What hemostatic agents can be used:

1. "Etamsylate" or "dicinone";
2. "Vikasol" is tablets and injections. When administered intramuscularly, it is more effective, but quite painful. This is an old-style drug, and it has newer analogues.
3. “Tranexam” is very effective and helps quickly.

The doctor may also prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs if the bleeding is accompanied by pain, as well as oxytocin and calcium chloride intravenously.

If bleeding occurs in a girl with an unsettled cycle, the doctor may prescribe oral contraceptives.

Herbs that effectively stop bleeding include nettle, yarrow, water pepper extract, peppermint and shepherd's purse. However, they should also be taken under the supervision of a specialist.

Medicinal herbs for uterine bleeding

Video channel "Phytotherapist".

Herbalist L. M. Bazlova tells what medicinal herbs and infusions are used for uterine bleeding.

Phytocollection “ Katerina” is successfully used in the treatment of uterine bleeding and complex herbal medicine of uterine fibroids.

So we discussed the topic of how to stop heavy uterine bleeding with clots during menstruation and pathologies from the uterus at home.

For each woman, the process of menstrual bleeding is completely individual, depending on the characteristics of the female body. The average duration of the menstrual period is determined to be up to five days. At the same time, if there are any atypical discharges, then it is worth thinking about pathology. However, bleeding should not be ruled out, which can easily be confused with menstruation. Therefore, to provide timely assistance, it is necessary to have an understanding of the distinctive features.

During menstruation, a woman begins to secrete blood in average quantities per day (about 50 ml.). The first days of menstruation are characterized by bright-colored bloody discharge, then in subsequent days the discharge becomes darker and is released in portions. The shades of the blood that comes out also differ for each woman individually. Subsequent discharge may occur during sudden rise or movement or physical activity.

Additionally, mucus or blood clots appear in menstrual flow. At the same time, the smell of discharge is also present. Menstrual blood is characterized by an odor reminiscent of fresh meat.

Attention! If the discharge during menstruation has an atypical brown color or the discharge is scanty, it is recommended to consult a gynecologist for advice.

Uterine bleeding and menstruation: main differences

In order to identify pathology, you should interview the patient, who can easily characterize the typical menstrual flow that is characteristic of her. Therefore, any changes should alert the woman. The nature of menstruation can change dramatically, therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the following warning signs:

1. The volume of menstrual flow increases significantly.
2. The release of blood does not occur in batches, but occurs almost continuously.
3. The outgoing discharge is characterized by a too liquid consistency.
4. There are no blood clots.
5. The color of the discharge becomes deep red.
6. There is no specific odor characteristic of blood.
7. Signs of anemia are observed.
8. There is severe weakness.
9. Possible pain in the lower abdomen.
10. Before the onset of menstruation, sexual intercourse may cause pain.

Carefully! If the above symptoms are observed, then you should not hesitate to visit a specialist.

Causes of bleeding

For the body, blood loss is a rather dangerous manifestation. Almost a third of all uterine bleeding is explained by a pathological process that arose in the female reproductive system. Basically, pathologies of this kind do not pose a threat to life, but lead to poor health, anemia, low levels of iron in the blood, as well as problems with sexual life. Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of pathology, you need to know the main reasons that provoke it.

The root causes of bleeding are as follows:

• termination of pregnancy, occurring artificially (abortion) or naturally (miscarriage);
• if delivery occurred by caesarean section;
• frequent diets, which lead to complete intoxication of the entire female body;
• problems with general hormonal levels, sudden disruptions;
• iron deficiency or vitamin deficiency;
• blood diseases;
• blood clotting disorder;
• long-term depressive states, stressful situations;
• illnesses of an infectious nature;
• excessive physical activity and heavy lifting;
• inflammatory process in the reproductive system;
• gynecological pathologies;
• pathological neoplasms.

Classification of discharge

Experts classify uterine bleeding into three types.

Bleeding	Short description
Normal	Every cycle a woman experiences menstrual flow, which is considered to be a natural norm for the body.
Conditionally normal	Discharge occurs in the preovulatory or postovulatory period. Implantation bleeding is also included in the conditionally normal type of bleeding
Pathological	These bleedings can occur at any age - during menopause, during the period of reproductive activity, adolescence. They can be divided into subspecies: Functional. Bleeding occurs due to problems with the endocrine system or disruption of the pituitary gland; organic. If a woman is diagnosed with neoplasms (polyps and others) or illnesses (for example, endometriosis), then bleeding often occurs; systemic. Most often triggered by autoimmune diseases or chronic pathologies

More details about the types of bleeding

Dysfunctional

The main signs of this type of bleeding are heavy blood loss or prolonged bleeding. Adolescent girls and menopausal women are at risk. The provoking factor of the pathology is an excessive amount of estrogen or progesterone. To eliminate this pathology, hormonal therapy is used.

There are two types of dysfunctional blood loss:

• ovulatory. They are characterized by manifestations of an abnormal cycle, that is, over the course of a month, a woman experiences slight discharge of a scanty nature or, conversely, short menstruation that have an interval of more than one month;
• anovulatory. They are characterized by significant blood loss, cycle disruption, poor health, loss of appetite and a constant desire to sleep.

It is important! Primary pathology can be determined using a gynecological examination, supplemented by ultrasound.

Juvenile

May appear seasonally. This is explained by the fact that the corpus luteum does not form due to hormonal imbalance. If a teenage girl is diagnosed with neoplasms in the reproductive system, then juvenile bleeding cannot be ruled out.

Breakthrough

A third of cases of breakthrough bleeding occur due to problems with the uterus, which are caused by the intrauterine device. Bleeding can also be caused by the consequences of taking hormonal contraception. To prevent subsequent bleeding, it is recommended to remove the IUD and select the correct dosage of contraceptives.

Profuse

Profuse blood loss is difficult to distinguish from menstrual discharge, since it is also characterized by menstrual pain. The only symptom is increased blood loss, which is characterized by scarlet discharge. The exact period of occurrence is difficult to determine because it varies.

Is it dangerous! Profuse bleeding is difficult to diagnose and requires urgent hospitalization of the woman. In this case, surgical treatment in the form of uterine curettage is mandatory.

Video - How to distinguish menstruation from bleeding?

Bleeding and menopause

During menopause, a woman cannot exclude the risk of developing neoplasms of various types (fibroids, polyps). This is explained by a decrease in the level of estrogen, which is responsible for the normal menstrual cycle. It is distinctive that a woman will experience severe pain during sexual intercourse, as well as an interval between menstrual cycles of more than three months.

Blood loss during pregnancy

If a woman experiences any bleeding after conception, this is a direct threat to her life and to the fetus. If you notice a woman’s bright bloody discharge, you should immediately call an ambulance. The discharge is accompanied by the following symptoms:

1. The occurrence of severe pain in the lower abdomen, which resembles contractions.
2. Nausea leading to vomiting.
3. Increased level of sweating.
4. The appearance of dizziness.

Note! The occurrence of bleeding during pregnancy is considered a dangerous sign that threatens life.

How to help

First of all, it is necessary to minimize all physical activity. Then review your diet and include beef, offal (liver), and foods high in iron.

If a woman begins to experience heavy blood loss, she urgently needs to lie down in a position so that the pelvis is slightly elevated. To do this, you can place a pillow or slightly raise your lower limbs. In this way, loss of consciousness can be avoided and symptoms can be reduced.

To reduce bleeding, you will need to apply a cold compress so that the vessels of the uterus constrict and the muscle layer of the uterus contracts.

You should not ignore any pathological discharge, because it can be a sign of a serious illness. A specialist will tell you about the causes of uterine bleeding in a video commentary.

Video - Why do uterine bleeding occur?

Article publication date: 06/19/2017

Article updated date: 12/21/2018

From this article you will learn: how to stop it, when you can try to do it at home, and when you absolutely cannot.

The nature of the menstrual cycle, regularity and volume of blood loss have always been indicators of “women’s health”. Almost every woman in her life has encountered the problem of uterine bleeding that arose for various reasons.

In some cases, such bleeding can be stopped at home, but sometimes they become massive and life-threatening. Without the help of a doctor, including hospital treatment and surgical procedures, it is impossible to stop severe bleeding.

An obstetrician-gynecologist provides antenatal consultation, who, after assessing the situation, can refer the woman to a gynecological hospital.

What are the features of stopping uterine bleeding?

The uterus is a completely unique organ, bleeding from which has a specific character. The spiral arteries that supply blood to the uterus are almost completely devoid of muscle layer, and therefore are not able to contract on their own. Instead of a muscular layer, the lumen of the arteries is compressed by a thick muscular layer of the uterus itself. Therefore, if for some reason the uterus is flabby and atonic, then the bleeding cannot be stopped without reducing agents.

Endometrial arteries

The main source of bleeding in the uterus is its internal mucous membrane - the endometrium. This layer, being shed every menstrual cycle, after pregnancy and childbirth, exposes the spiral arteries and causes them to bleed. Pathology of the endometrium itself or the hormonal background that supports it can cause extremely heavy bleeding, which cannot be stopped without hormonal drugs.

The structure of the female reproductive system. Click on photo to enlarge

Various inflammatory processes of the female genital organs play a major role in the occurrence of uterine bleeding. The inflammatory process triggers special mechanisms that reduce blood clotting and prevent uterine contractility.

Below we will try to highlight several blocks, in each of which we will talk about the possible cause of the problem and how to stop a specific type of uterine bleeding.

Heavy menstruation

In every woman’s life, there comes a month in which menstrual bleeding is heavier and longer than usual. The reason for this may be stress, hypothermia, colds, taking certain medications, sudden changes in time and temperature zones.

In medicine, heavy menstruation is called menometrorrhagia - the most common type of uterine bleeding. This phenomenon is characterized by an increase in the duration of menstruation over 7 days and blood loss of more than 200 ml, however, the latter criterion is quite biased. More often, gynecologists use a more primitive criterion - the number of full pads per day. Five or more full pads used per day may indicate menometrorrhagia.

How to stop heavy menstruation?

Menometrorrhagia can be stopped at home, but such attempts without medical supervision are extremely undesirable and should not last more than 5 days.

1. We list the main methods for stopping uterine bleeding at home:
2. Complete refusal of sexual activity.
3. Refrain from a warm bath and any warming procedures such as heating pads on the lower abdomen or lower back.
4. The prone position may reduce bleeding slightly because the uterus contracts a little better in this position.

A good choice for “home” stopping bleeding are the following medications: etamsylate or dicinone, water pepper extract, nettle and shepherd’s purse decoction. The duration of their use should not exceed 4–5 days. If it is clear that the flow of blood does not stop, you must immediately contact a gynecologist to adjust the treatment.

Disorders associated with taking hormonal drugs

This is also a fairly common cause of uterine bleeding, because modern women are using certain hormonal drugs more and more often. The cause of such dishormonal disorders may be the stage of “addiction” to the drug, an incorrectly selected drug, incorrect use by the patient, or unauthorized withdrawal. Bleeding of this kind can be either profuse - with scarlet blood, or prolonged - brown and spotting.

What to do with “hormonal” bleeding?

If the flow of blood has not stopped, then the “double” dose should immediately be returned to the usual one, and the pack of tablets should be completed as usual - that is, before 21 or 28 days. To do this, the missing tablets must be taken from the next pack. Next, the contraceptive should be canceled or continued according to the usual regimen - it is important to understand that there is a high probability of repeated menstrual bleeding in the usual mode of taking contraceptive pills. Such actions are permissible for no more than 3 days, otherwise taking an increased dose of hormones is dangerous.

Uterine bleeding with an intrauterine device

The intrauterine system, or contraceptive - an IUD or IUD, called a "spiral" by patients - is the second most popular contraceptive device, which is located in the uterine cavity and prevents the implantation of a fertilized egg.

Intrauterine system

How to help with bleeding due to an IUD?

The most common side effect of this contraceptive is heavier menstruation; this phenomenon is reflected in the official instructions for the product. However, sometimes this side effect exceeds acceptable expectations.

• As an option for “getting used to” the IUD during the first 2–3 months after insertion, this option can be considered conditionally normal. Treatment in this case is symptomatic - its scheme is similar to that for heavy menstruation.
• However, in case of systematic bleeding, it is important to find out whether the system is inserted correctly. This can be easily done using an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs. If the IUD is placed incorrectly in the uterus, pain and abnormal uterine bleeding may occur. In this case, the “spiral” needs to be removed.

Uterine bleeding due to inflammatory diseases

Various types of inflammatory processes in the female genital area - adnexitis, salpingo-oophoritis, endometritis, cervicitis - are often accompanied by various types and profuse bleeding. They can complicate both an acute process and an exacerbation of a chronic one.

Such bleeding can be heavy or spotting, often accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, an unpleasant odor of vaginal discharge and menstrual blood, fever, and inflammatory changes in the general blood test.

Adnexit

How to stop bleeding against the background of an inflammatory process?

• The first step is to contact a gynecologist who will conduct an examination and determine the fact of the inflammatory process.
• The first line remedy in this case will be antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs that will suppress the root cause of the problem. The doctor will recommend specific medications and dosage regimen, taking into account the patient’s clinic, complaints and medical history.
• Considering the influence of inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory drugs themselves on the blood coagulation system, it would be useful to add to the treatment regimen drugs that affect the blood coagulation system - etamsylate and its analogues, tranexam, aminocaproic acid.
• It is important to understand that with purulent processes (especially endometritis - inflammation of the uterine cavity) it is almost impossible to do without surgical manipulation. Such interventions are necessary to empty the purulent foci and remove the inflamed endometrium, which prevents the uterus from contracting. Gynecological manipulations are performed in a hospital, under general anesthesia, and they take relatively little time.
• At the recovery stage, physiotherapeutic procedures - magnetic therapy, electrophoresis, ultrasound - have a good effect.

Blood flow due to gynecological diseases

In this section we will talk about non-inflammatory diseases of the female genital area. These include pathological conditions of the uterine cavity and endometrium: endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial polyps, intracavitary myomatous nodes, as well as other conditions of the uterus and cervix: uterine fibroids, endometriosis, cervical polyps. These diseases can be manifested by both heavy menstruation and intermenstrual bleeding from the genital tract.

Types of uterine fibroids

How to stop this type of uterine bleeding?

1. It is important to understand the basic truth in this case - as long as there is an underlying cause, uterine bleeding is only a symptom. That is why treatment at this stage is symptomatic, that is, temporary. All available methods can be used - herbal preparations (water pepper, nettle, shepherd's purse), etamzilate and its analogues, tranexam, uterine contractions such as oxytocin or methylergometrine.
2. In some cases, hormonal drugs are extremely effective - combined oral contraceptives (COCs), pure estrogens, progesterone preparations (duphaston, norkolut). A specific remedy and the cycle of its administration can only be recommended by a doctor after examining and questioning the patient, as well as the results of ultrasound examinations and hormonal panels.
3. The most effective and radical treatment will be a specific cure of the primary disease - hormonal therapy, surgical treatment - manipulation - curettage of the uterine cavity, hysteroscopy or gynecological surgery - removal of nodes, coagulation of foci of endometriosis, and so on.

Disorders after termination of pregnancy

In this section we will talk about early pregnancy terminations up to 12 weeks - both natural (miscarriage) and artificial (abortions, vacuum aspirations, medical abortions). Normally, after such terminations of pregnancy, uterine bleeding is present - the uterine cavity is cleared of the overgrown “pregnant” endometrium, blood clots, and remnants of fetal tissue. Typically, this condition resembles the heaviest menstruation in terms of duration and blood loss. If the spotting after the procedure takes on a different character, this indicates the presence of pathology in the post-abortion period.

The structure of the endometrium

How to stop uterine bleeding after termination of pregnancy?

• The main principle of stopping is maximum stimulation of contraction of the uterine muscle - this way the uterus will contract more quickly, close the lumen of the arteries and empty the cavity of the remnants of pregnancy. For this purpose, a special group of drugs is used - uterotonics. The simplest representative of them is water pepper extract. More complex drugs, available only by prescription, are hormone-like substances - oxytocin, deaminooxytocin, methylergometrine.
• Attempts to stop such bleeding should not take more than 5 days, as this is fraught with severe blood loss, accumulation of blood clots in the uterine cavity and inflammation of the uterine cavity.
• If there is no effect from contraction therapy, it is necessary to do an ultrasound of the pelvic organs and evaluate the condition of the uterine cavity. If there are remnants of fetal tissue, placental polyps, or blood clots in the cavity, they must be removed surgically; without this, the uterus will not be able to contract.

Obstetric or postpartum hemorrhage

Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the most dangerous complications in medicine. The most life-threatening are early postpartum hemorrhages - they develop within two hours after the birth of a child against the background of decreased contractility of the uterus or the remains of the placenta in the uterine cavity. Maternity hospital doctors struggle with such problems.

After discharge from the maternity hospital, according to the classic version, postpartum spotting - lochia - lasts approximately 42 days, decreasing every day. If at this stage something goes wrong, then the lochia becomes abundant, bright scarlet in color, and clots or an unpleasant odor appear in their composition. Such postpartum uterine bleeding occurs for two reasons: infectious complications and slow contractility of the uterus, which are closely interrelated and transform into each other.

How to stop postpartum bleeding?

• Self-stopping at home is possible with light bleeding, without clots, fever or unpleasant odor. Otherwise, a doctor’s consultation and a special study are necessary.
• The basis for stopping bleeding is contraction of the uterus, as after an abortion. It is important to know that it is in the postpartum period that nature itself comes to the aid of a woman - after all, when a baby is applied to the breast and the act of sucking, the same oxytocin is produced, which contracts the uterus. Therefore, frequent latching and breastfeeding on demand are the key to a successful postpartum period.
• As prescribed by a doctor, you can use uterotonics, herbal preparations, and physiotherapy.
• If conservative treatment is ineffective, curettage of the uterine cavity is indicated to stimulate its contractility and cleanse the cavity.

When do you need to urgently consult a doctor?

As we have already understood, sometimes you can try to solve the problem yourself, but there are a number of cases when you urgently need to see a gynecologist:

1. Heavy bleeding, requiring more than 5 full pads per day, and also with the presence of clots.
2. Prolonged bleeding of any intensity lasting more than 7 days.
3. Bleeding, accompanied by severe pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, increased body temperature, and unpleasant odor from the genital tract.
4. Any bleeding from the genital tract during pregnancy of any stage.
5. Any bleeding that cannot be treated independently.