Treatment of atrophic rhinitis with medications and folk remedies. Atrophic rhinitis - symptoms and treatment in adults and children

Unlike other types of inflammation of the mucous membrane, atrophic rhinitis is not accompanied by copious discharge. liquid mucus or thick exudate.

Vice versa, pathological changes epithelial secretory membrane provoke its increased drying out and the formation of crusts.

Tissue atrophy occurs slowly, in several stages. A feature of the disease is the development of ozena at a late stage and complete or partial loss of smell.

Atrophy of the nasal mucosa: what does it mean?

By International Classification thinning of the secretory epithelium is assigned the ICD-10 code J31.0. It refers to diseases that occur in a chronic form.

which can be caused by various pathogens and negative impacts on the human body:

Viruses;
Bacteria;
Allergens;
Dusty air, chemicals;
Systemic diseases;
Long stay in the cold, etc.

Inflammation of the mucous membrane gradually disrupts the functioning of ciliated cells and leads to its pathological disorders.

In addition, a runny nose can be caused by the presence of systemic diseases, for example, endocrine system. Also, taking medications or lack of vitamins in the human body contributes to the development of dysfunctions respiratory tract.

Main symptoms of the disease

Upon examination, the ENT specialist will notice characteristic dysfunctions of the epithelial surface - its color becomes pale pink. The structure of the cell surface is distinguished by a matte tint and a noticeable thinning of its thickness.

Chronic atrophic rhinitis is accompanied by the following manifestations:

Increased dryness;
Formation of dried secretion growths;
Constant feeling of tightness;
Intermittent bleeding that stops quickly;
Difficulty smelling.

If the patient has, the main symptom is the foul odor of the discharge. They are viscous and quickly form dense crusts.

The thinned secretory area is easily damaged, so patients suffer from bleeding. Blood does not flow profusely; it is usually found in the exudate in the form of streaks.

Catarrhal discharge is viscous, viscous, and has a putrid odor. The resulting dense growths cause discomfort. When they are picked, bleeding and inflammation may begin.

When the functionality of the epithelium is impaired, the disease easily progresses to infectious species, if pathogenic microorganisms penetrate to the site of inflammation. A runny nose is accompanied decreased sense of smell or complete loss of smell.

If the disease is not treated correctly, dysfunctional disorders spread to the entire nasopharynx and even affect eustachian tubes. Over time, bones and cartilage become thinner, and deformations occur that change appearance person.

Associated manifestations of a dysfunctional state are:

Deterioration in general health;
Weakness;
Insomnia;
Fast fatiguability;
Painful sensations in the facial area.

The first signs of atrophy appear already in childhood. A last stage can occur only after 40 years of age.

Reasons for the development of atrophic rhinitis

Basically, atrophy is provoked by the following negative influences:

Hereditary factors. Often, drying out and degenerative changes in the shell are passed on from generation to generation. It may also be related to other systemic diseases(malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system).

Upper respiratory tract infections. If intranasal inflammation, sinusitis or other pathologies caused by pathogenic microorganisms are treated incorrectly or at the wrong time, then chronic edema turns into atrophic runny nose.

Unfavorable environmental conditions. Working in hazardous enterprises where there are chemicals, dusty air or high content gases also have a detrimental effect on respiratory system. Even household chemicals and various cleaners with spray nozzles can cause complications.

Iron deficiency. Common cause The development of the disease is precisely the lack of this microelement in the body.

Research has shown that the depletion of secretory cells is interrelated. That is, if a person has dysfunctional processes in the gastrointestinal tract, for example, with gastritis, then, most likely, in the future the same problem will affect the area of the upper respiratory tract.

Diagnostics: basic methods

Based on the symptoms and results of anterior rhinoscopy, the ENT specialist will be able to make an accurate diagnosis. The inner anterior walls of the patient's nasal pyramid will be pale, with dried secretions, and thinned.

Then, during the examination, the doctor will be able to assess the condition of the membrane, how far the pathological changes have spread, and what stage it is at the moment.

In addition, it is important to check the sensitivity of the olfactory receptors. If the patient has partial or complete anosmia, then a diagnosis of dry rhinitis can be made.

In conclusion, the doctor refers the patient to radiological diagnostics: CT scan or x-ray of the facial part of the skull. In this case, the specialist checks whether the pathology occurs along with sinusitis, affecting the accessory cavities. They also determine whether there is any thinning in the bones or cartilage. Source: website

The main directions in the treatment of the depleted state of the secretion zone are:

Stimulation of local blood circulation.
Supplying the organ with essential nutrients.
Moisturizes and prevents crust formation.
Destruction of pathogenic microflora.

Rinsing the nasopharynx with saline components Topical preparations that contain microelements important for the body allow you to regulate the functional properties of the epithelial layer.

It is believed that the following elements can increase the motor activity of ciliated cilia: calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, copper.

Salt rinsing is prescribed if the runny nose is allergic or vasomotor, subatrophic or infectious, since it has several healing properties:

Has an antiseptic effect, washing out allergens, dust, and infections from the cavity;
Accelerates the healing of microcracks and damage;
Strengthens blood vessels;
Supplies the necessary chemical elements.

Prepare solutions from sea salt You can do it yourself or buy ready-made medications. The frequency of manipulations and the duration of physiotherapy are selected by the ENT specialist.

Atrophic rhinitis: treatment with medications

Therapy for the pathological condition is carried out to eliminate increased tissue dryness.

It consists of a set of various measures aimed at relieving unpleasant manifestations.

To moisturize the secretory layer, products with a prolonged moisturizing effect, as well as those with a softening effect, are prescribed. At home, ointments are used, for example, Vaseline, naphthalene, etc.

Atrophic rhinitis is also treated with healing emollient oils:

Olive;
Sea buckthorn;
Unrefined sunflower;
and others

Such medications saturate tissues with moisture and, thanks to the presence of vitamin E, regenerate damaged areas of cells. In addition, they prevent the secretions from drying out quickly.

An ENT specialist will tell you how to treat subatrophic rhinitis caused by a bacterial pathogen. When identifying pathogenic microorganisms Antibiotics may be prescribed:

Levomycytin;
Tetracycline;
Streptomycin;
Syntomycin or others.

Most often, Klebsiella is detected during atrophy. Therapy should be carried out for 5-7 days. Antibacterial drugs prescribed in the form of intranasal drops/ointments or in the form of injections. At the same time, during physiatry, the nose is rinsed with iodine medicine.

Additionally, with an antibacterial regimen of medication administration, drugs may be prescribed to increase local immunity so that the body can independently fight pathogens.

Treatment in adults

The sooner you start therapy, the faster patients will be able to experience the positive results of physiatry. It is important to note that if organ depletion is provoked systemic diseases, then first of all, adults need to seek help from highly specialized specialists.

Why can a person with depletion of the epithelial region be sent to rheumatologists? This is necessary in order to for the doctor to determine whether the patient has an autoimmune disorder, which often causes membrane dysfunction and decreased local immunity.

As already mentioned, when infectious nature Diseases should be treated with antibiotics, administered systemically. And in addition to treatment regimen Irrigation with iodine solutions is prescribed.

When a dried secretion that is difficult to separate is formed, nasal drops containing oils that have a softening effect are recommended, making it easy to remove the dried dense exudate from the nostrils.

You should also wash with saline liquids or disinfectants.

Before administering intranasal antibacterial substances, be sure to clear the cavity of secretions. You can soften the crusts using turundas, which are soaked in glycerin and glucose. After they leave, antibiotics are applied in the form of ointments or drops. Doctors also prescribe various physical therapy methods.

If the illness continues long time and causes serious disorders that cannot be controlled drug treatment, then resort to surgical intervention. Operations are performed in different ways:

With excessively wide nasal passages They do procedures that narrow the airways. They can move the walls of the nose. If necessary, implants or grafts are inserted under the mucous tissue to fill the volume of the nasal structure.

To relieve excessive dryness, perform operations to remove gland ducts into the nasal cavity. Thus, it is possible to restore the necessary humidity.

In each individual case, surgical methods are selected individually. But it is best to contact an ENT specialist before drug therapy can no longer help the patient.

The most complex consequence pathology is the spread of the debilitating process to surrounding organs.

Treatment in children

In childhood, it is very important to recognize the cause of the disease and eliminate it. First of all, moisturizing procedures are done. Use sea salt or special drugs from the pharmacy. In addition, normal air humidity in the room should be maintained.

If a child has an illness, then antihistamines are prescribed and care is taken to ensure that he does not come into contact with allergens. Additionally, oil-alkaline inhalations are performed to soften the crusts.

In children, elimination of the pathological condition should be carried out by an experienced ENT specialist, who early stage diseases can be eliminated unpleasant symptoms and prevent more severe consequences from occurring.

How to treat with folk remedies?

Recipes from alternative medicine suggest treating intranasal wall depletion with the help of herbal ingredients. Ingestion of various decoctions helps increase immunity and the body's ability to fight infectious pathogens. They also have a general strengthening effect.

Local use of folk remedies is aimed at moisturizing, removing inflammatory reaction and deodorization for crusts with unpleasant putrid smell. Medicines prevent the development of increased drying of the epithelium.

Here are some methods by which treatment is carried out folk remedies:

Washing; Cleansing of the nasopharynx is carried out with medicinal liquids (saline, saline, herbal decoctions). They relieve swelling, moisturize, soften the growths of dried secretions and promote their removal from the walls. To prepare the infusion, it is recommended to take 2 tbsp. sage and pour 0.5 liters of boiling water. After it has stood for 2 hours, it can be used for irrigation.

Another infusion recipe is made from chamomile or calendula, which have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects. To do this you need to take 1 tsp. plants and pour a glass of boiling water.

Lubricating the nostrils with oils;

Sea buckthorn or olive oil is used to moisturize tissues and soften dried growths. They lubricate the inner walls of the nostrils well. You can also drop 1-2 drops intranasally into each nasal passage. They promote the discharge of viscous secretions. Introduction of turunda;
Rosehip or sea buckthorn oil can be injected with cotton swabs and kept for 25-30 minutes. These medications painlessly remove secretions, promote the healing of microcracks, and relieve inflammatory processes. The moisturizing effect provides comfort while breathing. For oral administration, you can prepare decoctions:

Black currants, rose hips, lingonberries and raspberries

take in equal quantities and mix well. 1 tbsp. The mixture is brewed in 200 ml of water. Leave to brew for 40 minutes. Take a decoction of 70 ml three times a day. Take after meals.

1 part black currant and 3 parts each rosehip and nettle

Brew with 400 ml water. Boil over low heat for another 10 minutes. After this, remove and leave for an hour. Take 100 ml three times a day.

Folk remedies are good at helping to get rid of signs of dysfunctional changes.

In the occurrence of chronic atrophic rhinitis, infections of the upper respiratory tract, nasal trauma, and previous hyperplastic and catarrhal processes in the nasal cavity play a certain role. If with secondary chronic atrophic rhinitis, which develops under the influence of harmful industrial conditions, it is possible to trace all stages of this process - from catarrh of the nasal mucosa to dystrophy, characterized by its atrophy, then with primary chronic atrophic rhinitis, the causes of the disease largely remain unidentified. As for the pathogenesis, there are several “theories”: infectious (chronic inflammatory processes of the rhinosinus system), alterative (exposure to dry hot air, industrial dust particles, ionizing studies, consequences of radical surgical interventions on endonasal structures, nasal injuries).

According to V.I. Voyachek (1953), B.S. Preobrazhensky (1966), G.Z. Piskunov (2002) and other domestic rhinologists, primary chronic atrophic rhinitis refers to local manifestations of a systemic dystrophic process, in which the atrophic process is subjected to the mucous membrane of not only the upper respiratory tract, but also the internal organs. In connection with this situation, B.S. Preobrazhensky considered it more correct to call chronic atrophic rhinitis rhinopathia chronica atrophica. V.I. Voyachek believed that the extreme manifestation of chronic atrophic rhinitis is ozena. Many authors (especially foreign ones) do not distinguish chronic atrophic rhinitis as an independent clinical form, but believe that hypotrophy of the nasal mucosa is only a symptom or a consequence of more common diseases upper respiratory tract and the whole body, and associate this disease with metabolic disorders, chronic infections, ozena, damage to the vegetative part of the nasal mucosa resulting from viral, coccal and other infections. It is also impossible to exclude the factor of a general constitutional (genetic) predisposition to dystrophies of the body’s mucous membrane, the trigger for which may be external harmful factors, and endogenous primary diseases, and such as rhinoscleroma, syphilis, etc.

There is also an opinion that simple atrophic rhinitis in some cases and under certain conditions is the initial stage of ozena.

Pathological physiology and pathological anatomy chronic atrophic rhinitis. Atrophy in general pathological process characterized by a decrease in volume and size, as well as qualitative changes expressed to varying degrees in cells, tissues and organs and usually develops during various diseases, differing in this from hypoplasia (hypogenesis), i.e. underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, part of the body or the whole of the body, which is based on a violation of embryogenesis (the extreme expression of hypoplasia is aplasia, or agenesis, the absence of an entire organ or part of the body). Chronic atrophic rhinitis refers to pathological atrophies that differ from physiological ones (for example, senile atrophy of SpO, retina, olfactory nerve, etc.) by the presence of a contributing pathological process and certain qualitative features. Depending on the cause of occurrence, several forms of atrophy are distinguished: trophoneurotic, hormonal, metabolic, functional and from the influence of harmful external physical, chemical and mechanical factors. Probably, in the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic atrophic rhinitis, as well as in chronic atrophic processes in other ENT organs, most of the specified processes and factors that cause them are involved to one degree or another.

Pathological changes in the nasal mucosa are manifested by a decrease in the volume and quantities of all its elements, including the glandular apparatus, autonomic and sensory nerve fibers, including receptors of the olfactory organ. Cilia disappear, the cylindrical ciliated epithelium metaplasizes into squamous epithelium, blood and lymphatic vessels become thinner and lose elasticity, and in advanced cases, the bone tissue of the rhinosinus system also undergoes atrophy.

Symptoms of chronic atrophic rhinitis

The main symptoms are a feeling of dryness in the nose, the presence of a viscous, difficult to blow out discharge that dries into a yellowish-grayish crust, a decrease in the sense of smell to its complete absence. With anterior rhinoscopy, the nasal mucosa looks pale, dry, with easily vulnerable vessels visible through it; the nasal turbinates are reduced, the common and individual nasal passages are wide to such an extent that the posterior wall of the nasopharynx becomes visible. One of the types of chronic atrophic rhinitis is anterior dry rhinitis.

The clinical course of chronic atrophic rhinitis is long (years and decades), depending on the effectiveness of the complex treatment used.

Treatment of chronic atrophic rhinitis

Patients suffering from chronic atrophic rhinitis usually turn to an ENT specialist when the atrophic process has reached a pronounced stage, often incurable, therefore in such cases the treatment takes quite a long time and with minimal effect, bringing relief to the patient only for the period of use of certain drugs. The effectiveness of treatment increases if the cause of the atrophic (dystrophic) process is found and eliminated, for example, one or another occupational hazard, bad habits, chronic focus of infection, etc.).

Treatment is divided into general, local medicinal and surgical.

General treatment of chronic atrophic rhinitis

General treatment includes vitamin therapy, the use of general stimulating drugs (aloe extract in injections; aloe juice, aloe tablets, aloe with iron, phytin, rutin, calcium glucoiate - per os, etc.). Agents that improve microcirculation and angioprotectors are also used to improve the trophism of the nasal mucosa (xanthine nicotinate, pentoxifylline, agapurine, etc.). As a result of a number of studies, it was found that many patients suffering from degenerative processes in the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract have a disorder of iron metabolism. When this fact is established, patients with atrophic rhinitis are prescribed iron preparations - aloe extract with iron, ferrum Lek, various iron salts (monocomponent and with vitamins). In some cases, if there are appropriate general therapeutic indications, agents that activate tissue metabolism are prescribed to systemic use(inosine, orotic acid, trimetazidine, cytochrome C, etc.). To improve microcirculation in the nasal mucosa, it is advisable, along with the above-mentioned drugs, to prescribe appropriate angioprotectors that improve the supply of nutrients and nutrients to the atrophic nasal mucosa. medications(dipyridamole, calcium dobesylate, xanthinol nicotinate, pentoxifylline preparations). General treatment includes climatic and balneotherapy, walks in a coniferous forest, etc. General treatment with these means must be carried out after careful laboratory examination and in consultation with the therapist and other specialists.

Local treatment of chronic atrophic rhinitis

On the background general treatment carry out local treatment, which is aimed at activating metabolic processes in the nasal mucosa, regenerating it into columnar epithelium, goblet cells, glandular apparatus, capillaries, lymphatic vessels, interstitial tissue and VNS neurofibrils. However, achieving such a complex effect on the nasal mucosa is possible only with careful selection of drugs for local application and installation use (solutions, ointments, gels). For this purpose, in the last century it was recommended various shapes preparations of iodine, ichthyol, phenol, silver and even diachilon patch. The basis of this dosage form consists of the finest lead oxide powder (10 parts), which is mixed with pork fat (10 parts), olive or sunflower oil (10 parts) and water (Gebra ointment). The drug was proposed by the founder of the Austrian dermatological school F. Gebra (1816-1880) for the external treatment of a number of skin diseases as a protective and covering agent. Some of these drugs have not lost their importance at the present time, but not all of them give positive effect. Thus, preparations of iodine, silver, lead, having an effect on initial stages treatment has a beneficial effect, with long-term use aggravate the atrophic process in the nasal mucosa. More effective drugs that do not have an inhibitory effect on the nasal mucosa with long-term use are: plant origin, containing many vitamins and biologically active substances ( sea buckthorn oil, rosehip oil, carotolin, thuja oil, eucalyptus, etc.). Promising for the treatment of atrophic rhinitis, especially in the presence of trophic ulcerations in the area of the nasal septum, ointment and gel forms a solcoseryl preparation containing a standard deproteinized extract from the blood of calves with high activity of the retculoendothelial system. Solcoseryl contains factors that help improve metabolism in tissues and accelerate regeneration processes (solcoseryl gel, solcoseryl ointment).

riboflavin 0.1 g, glucose 0.3 g, sodium salt of CMC 2.9 g, distilled water 94 ml;
1% solution of sodium adenosine triphosphate 50 ml, sodium salt of CMC 3 g, distilled water 47 ml;
1% solution of humisol 97 ml, sodium salt CMC 3 g.

Complex treatment with these composite forms, according to these authors, leads to an improvement in the condition of the mucous membrane, regeneration of its epithelium, and revitalization secretory function mucous glands.

Active before use active drugs it is necessary to clear the nasal cavity of dry crusts and viscous mucus. For this purpose, solutions and ointments of proteolytic enzymes are used for rinsing the nasal cavity and for application.

Chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa over time leads to the appearance of local degenerative changes: areas of compaction and atrophy. Patients develop atrophic rhinitis, which is manifested by damage to almost all structures of the nose: nerve endings, blood vessels, bone tissue. Pathological signs of the disease are the appearance of purulent and thick secretions, the formation of rough crusts. Over time, patients experience thinning and deformation. nasal septum, the sense of smell is impaired, short-term bleeding is possible.

Atrophic rhinitis, according to the degree and extent of damage to the mucous membrane, is divided into limited and diffuse. IN separate group emit dangerous infection- occupies a special place in ENT pathology. The causative agent of the disease is Klebsiella ozenae. The microorganism multiplies on the nasal mucosa and emits an unpleasant odor, which does not bother the sick at all. It is associated with atrophy nerve centers responsible for the sense of smell.

Women suffer from this pathology much more often than men. The disease is observed mainly in adults over 30 years of age. Pubertal persons of Caucasian or Mongoloid race are susceptible to the development of atrophic rhinitis. Cases of the disease have never been reported among mulattoes, Arabs and blacks.

Etiology

Atrophic rhinitis, based on its origin, is divided into 2 forms: primary and secondary. The causes of primary atrophic rhinitis have not been identified. Secondary rhinitis develops under the influence of negative factors external environment and various dysfunctions in the body.

The development of infectious atrophic rhinitis is caused by the reproduction of certain bacteria in the human body: bordetella, mycoplasma.

Factors contributing to the occurrence of the disease:

Heredity,
Constitutional dystrophy,
High dust and gas content in the air,
Iron deficiency in the body,
Hypovitaminosis,
Unbalanced diet
Bad habits,
Bad climate
Irradiation,
Industrial hazards,
Abuse of vasoconstrictor drops,
Condition after nose surgery,
Psychogenic stress, especially in adolescents.

Diseases leading to the development of atrophic rhinitis:

Gastritis, cholelithiasis, biliary dyskinesia,
Hormonal imbalance in the body,
Traumatic damage to the nose and facial bones,
Immunodeficiency,
Metabolic disorders
Rhinoscleroma,
Specific syphilitic or tuberculosis infection,
Systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis,
Chronic catarrh of the upper respiratory tract.

Ozena is extreme degree atrophic process. Etiological factors and the pathogenetic links of ozena have not been precisely established. There are several theories of its origin: endocrine, hereditary, trophic, metabolic, functional, psycho-neurogenic, microbial, alterative. According to the anatomical theory, ozena develops in individuals with congenital features - wide nasal passages and nasal cavity. The pathophysiological theory says that ozena is a consequence of chronic inflammation in the nose, which occurs in severe form. The bacterial theory is confirmed by the presence of clinical material of Klebsiella ozena in the bacterial culture. Neurogenic theory: the cause of ozena is autonomic dysfunction nervous system. Endocrine theory: Ozena develops in women during menstruation, pregnancy and menopause.

Ozena is characterized by thinning of the mucosa, a decrease in the size and number of cells, damage to nerve fibers and glandular structures. The ciliated epithelium transforms into flat epithelium, the blood vessels become thinner and inflamed, and bone tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue. The nose becomes deformed: it becomes saddle-shaped or resembles a duck’s in shape. The respiratory organ ceases to function normally and to be a reliable protector of the entire body from pathogenic microbes penetrating from the outside.

Symptoms

The clinic of atrophic rhinitis develops gradually. First, patients develop a frequently exacerbating bacterial infection. The inflammation is catarrhal in nature. Gradually, mucous discharge is replaced by purulent discharge, and infectious inflammation nasal mucosa, which is accompanied by thickening of the secretion and formation. The blood supply and nutrition of the nasal mucosa are disrupted, and dystrophy progresses.

Simple atrophic rhinitis manifested by dry mucous membranes, a tendency to form crusts, lack of appetite, insomnia, the appearance mouth breathing and whistling sounds when inhaling, impaired sense of smell. Discharge from the nose becomes scanty, viscous, and sometimes nosebleeds occur. Patients experience a feeling that there is a foreign body in the nose.
Subatrophic rhinitis- a special type of disease in which the nutrition of the nasal mucosa is disrupted, it begins to dry out and become covered with crusts. Morphological and Clinical signs pathologies are expressed insignificantly. Some experts consider this form to be an independent disease, while others consider it as one of the stages of atrophic rhinitis.
Symptoms of infectious atrophic rhinitis are catarrhal phenomena: sneezing, runny nose, conjunctivitis, low-grade fever or high body temperature. Patients become restless, nervous, sleep poorly at night and eat little. Over time, asymmetry occurs on both sides of the jaw, the nasal septum softens and becomes bent. The face becomes puffy, swelling appears under the eyes.
In patients suffering from ozena, the nasal cavity is dilated, the mucous membrane is thinned, pale and dry. Mucus with a pungent unpleasant odor is produced in the nose and quickly dries. Purulent discharge filling the nasal passages forms rough yellowish-greenish crusts. The atrophic process from the nasal mucosa often descends to the pharynx, larynx and trachea, which is manifested by hoarseness and a painful cough. A foul odor emanates from the patient. As a result of damage to the receptors of the olfactory analyzer, anosmia develops. Due to atrophy of the nerves in the nose, the sensitivity of the mucous membrane is impaired, and patients do not feel the flow of inhaled air. It seems to them that the nose is stuffy, although the nasal cavity is empty. Patients do not feel the bad odor coming from them. The special reaction of others leads children to a depressed state, and drives adults into depression.

Complications of the disease:

Anosmia,
Decreased local immunity,
Inflammation of the trachea, larynx and pharynx,
Nose deformity,
Inflammation paranasal sinuses nose,
Inflammation of the eyeball,
Ear infection,
Trigeminal neuralgia,
Gastrointestinal pathology: dyspepsia, gastritis,
Depression, apathy, neurasthenia.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the disease begins with listening to the patient’s complaints and general examination. The presence of foul-smelling crusts and anosmia allows the specialist to suspect this disease.

Then the nasal cavity is examined - rhinoscopy is performed, during which a pale pink, dry and matte mucous membrane is discovered. Easily vulnerable blood vessels are visible through it. Yellow-green crusts are present in the nasal cavity. The nasal passages are expanded and the turbinates are reduced. Rear wall The nasopharynx is easy to see during rhinoscopy.

atrophic rhinitis

The discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose and pharynx is sent to bacteriological examination to the microbiological laboratory. In the process of studying the microflora of the nasal cavity, bacteriologists usually discover a monoculture - ozenous Klebsiella or an association of microorganisms.

To confirm the suspected diagnosis and exclude concomitant sinusitis, patients are referred for a tomographic or radiographic examination of the paranasal sinuses.

Treatment

Conservative therapy:

Cleansing the nose. The nasal cavity is irrigated saline solution or medicines"Aquamaris", "Aqualor" "Dolphin". This is necessary to moisturize the mucous membrane and remove crusts. If thick discharge They do not come off well when you blow your nose; they are removed using a nasal aspirator. If there is purulent contents in the nose, you should rinse it with a disinfectant or antiseptic solution- “Furacilin”, “Dioxidin”, “Miramistin”. Any vegetable oil will help clear your nose of crusts - sea buckthorn, eucalyptus, olive, peach. Cotton swabs are soaked in oil and inserted into the nose.

Correctly selected conservative therapy allows you to improve the condition of the mucous membrane, accelerate regeneration processes, and restore the secretion of glandular structures.

Surgery carried out with significant expansion of the nasal turbinates and pronounced atrophy of the bone frame of the nose. Palliative operations are not intended to cure the patient, but to make life easier. During surgery, patients are implanted with allo-, homo- and autografts into the nasal cavity to narrow its size or the outer wall of the nose is moved medially. For patients, glands are added to the mucous membrane by transplanting them from the paranasal sinuses.

Conservative therapy atrophic rhinitis is supplemented with traditional medicine.

Prevention

Preventive measures to avoid the development of pathology:

Atrophic rhinitis is a pathology of the nasal mucosa of a chronic course, which is characterized by degenerative sclerotic changes (dryness and thinning of the nasal mucosa, atrophy of the bone tissue of the organ, damage to blood vessels and nerve endings). The consequence of atrophic changes is loss of sense of smell, deformation of the nasal septum, scanty, but... The disease is diagnosed in representatives of absolutely all age categories. Residents of environmentally unfavorable regions, as well as areas with prevailing dry and hot weather, are most susceptible to it.

A feature of the pathology is the absence of copious discharge from the nasal passages. On the contrary, the mucous membrane of the olfactory organ dries out greatly, which is why crusts form on its inner walls. When they are removed, minor nosebleeds may occur.

Primary and secondary types of atrophic rhinitis in children and adults are determined. Why the first type of disease occurs is still not known exactly. However, its development is associated with exposure to pathogenic agents of the common cold. The second type of atrophic rhinitis occurs due to the influence of an unfavorable environment on a person and various dysfunctions of the body.

But there are other types of disease.

Form of atrophic rhinitis	Characteristics of the disease
	The initial stage of the disease is called atrophic dry rhinitis. In this case, nasal discharge is very scanty and viscous. Crusts form on the mucous membrane of the organ, breathing through the nose is almost completely absent, dysfunction of the sense of smell is observed, sleep is disturbed, and appetite disappears. Untimely treatment of atrophic rhinitis initial stage may worsen the disease - it will become chronic, which is more difficult to diagnose.
Chronic atrophic and subatrophic rhinitis	It is characterized by a disorder of nutrition of the nasal mucosa, which is accompanied by roughness of the internal walls of the organ, their drying out and the appearance of crusts in the nasal passages. However, there are no other symptoms typical of the disease. Because of this, this type of atrophic rhinitis is quite difficult to diagnose.
Infectious form of the disease	Is different . The process may be accompanied by increased body temperature, insomnia, and poor appetite. After some time, the face swells in the eye area, jaw asymmetry is observed, and the shape of the nose changes (the nasal septum is bent). All these changes are accompanied by a characteristic infectious or atrophic runny nose.
Ozena	The most unpleasant and, perhaps, serious manifestation of atrophic rhinitis is ozena. The pathology is characterized by the formation of foul-smelling mucus, which, when dried, turns into green-yellow crusts. As the disease progresses, the voice becomes hoarse, a dry cough appears, and the sense of smell is completely or partially absent.

Warning: the photo may be unpleasant to view.

Infectious form of the disease

[collapse]

Causes of the disease

If we talk about the reasons due to which an atrophic runny nose of an infectious nature can develop, the most common bacteria are Klebsiella, Bordetella, Mycoplasma, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Other reasons include:

heredity;
unfavorable environment;
lack of iron in the body and hypovitaminosis;
abuse of alcohol, drugs, tobacco products;
Not proper nutrition;
uncontrolled use vasoconstrictor drops;
contact with chemicals;
taking hormonal medications;
complications after operations on ENT organs;
frequent stress, overexertion, psycho-emotional instability;
work associated with hazardous production.

Atrophic type of rhinitis can also be caused by other diseases of the body:

atrophic gastritis;
gallbladder pathology;
immunodeficiency;
disruption of the endocrine system;
autoimmune infections;
rhinoscleroma;
systemic lupus erythematosus;
hormonal disorders;
catarrh of the upper respiratory tract;
metabolic disorder;
nasal injuries (surgical, household);
vasculitis

Research shows that secretory cell depletion is interrelated. For example, if dysfunction of the digestive organs is detected in the human body, then there is a high probability that this pathological process will after some time affect the organs of the upper respiratory tract.

Symptoms of atrophic rhinitis

Each form of atrophic rhinitis is characterized by certain symptoms.

Form of atrophic rhinitis	Characteristic symptoms
Dry atrophic runny nose	Severe dryness of the nasal mucosa, its thinning, the formation of dry crusts on the inner walls of the nose, which cause discomfort in the patient (sensation of tickling, a foreign body in the nose), difficult nasal breathing, rare mucous discharge, deterioration of the sense of smell with gradual disappearance. When removing the crusts that have formed, nosebleeds may occur due to injury to the mucous membrane of the organ.
Typical shape	Manifests itself with all the symptoms of the previous form. An additional clear sign of the disease is the expansion of the nasal passages. Moreover, sometimes they can expand so much that during an examination you can see the Eustachian tubes and nasopharynx through them. At the same time, the patient feels quite well, no increase in body temperature is observed.
Subatrophic form	It is characterized by a sluggish course, the nasal mucosa is not severely affected. However, mucous discharge from the nose increases in volume, as a result of which the number and size of dry crusts becomes larger. The rate of development of this form of pathology depends on the cause that provoked it.
Diffuse form	The pathological process spreads throughout the entire cavity of the organ, and the olfactory function is significantly impaired.
Infectious form of pathology	The pathology is accompanied by sneezing, runny nose, fever, conjunctivitis, sleep disturbance, nervousness, restlessness, and poor appetite. Over time, the patient experiences jaw asymmetry, the nasal septum becomes soft and curved. The face takes on a puffy shape, and there is severe swelling under the eyes.
Ozena	It is characterized by expansion of the nasal cavity, thinning, pallor and dryness of the mucous membrane. A foul-smelling mucous discharge flows from the nose, which quickly dries out and forms green-yellow crusts. This pathology quickly spreads to the area of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea, resulting in a hoarse voice and a painful cough. Due to a disorder of the olfactory receptors, anosmia develops - complete or selective loss of smell. Because the nerve endings in the nose atrophy, the sensitivity of the organ is impaired. The patient emits a foul odor, to which others do not always react adequately. For a small child diagnosed with ozena, such a reaction from others becomes a cause of depression; for an adult, it causes serious depression.

The following may be reasons for an unscheduled consultation with an otolaryngologist: general symptoms:

dryness of the mucous membrane of the olfactory organ;
difficulty breathing through the nose;
abnormal formation of crusts in the organ cavity;
a feeling of tightness in the nose that is constant;
periodic, scanty nosebleeds that are easy to stop;
itching, burning in the nose.

These general symptoms are necessarily accompanied by poor appetite, sleep disturbances, nervousness, and headaches.

How to distinguish a regular runny nose from an atrophic one?

A common runny nose is an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa. It can occur for various reasons: the impact of pathogenic microorganisms, allergens, and other factors that provoke the disease. A common runny nose is characterized by acute course with a gradual increase in symptoms. But provided that the patient has a strong immune system or uses the correct treatment regimen, the disease goes away within 10-14 days.

A common runny nose is characterized by 3 stages of development:

During the first 2-48 hours, the patient experiences severe itching and burning in the nasal passages, slight hyperthermia is noted, the sense of smell deteriorates, the perception of tastes is impaired, and nasal breathing becomes difficult.
WITH active development virus in the body from the nose is observed copious discharge liquid mucus, nasal breathing is complicated, ears become blocked, body temperature rises, appetite disappears, lacrimation and frequent sneezing are possible.
After 4-5 days, the secreted mucus becomes thicker and has a purulent consistency. From about the 7th day, the nasal passages begin to clear of viruses, the mucous discharge gradually disappears, and the patient’s condition improves.

With atrophic rhinitis, the dryness of the mucous membrane is constant, there is practically no mucous discharge, but nasal congestion persists. Due to the crusts that form in the nose, there is a feeling of the presence of a foreign body, and minor bleeding is possible.

What is the best way to treat atrophic rhinitis?

It is much easier to cure nasal atrophy at the initial stage of development. Therefore, it is very important to contact a specialist for help when you detect the first signs of pathology. The otolaryngologist examines the patient and, based on the results obtained, will build an optimal treatment regimen for atrophic rhinitis.

Treatment of atrophic rhinitis with folk remedies

It is not recommended to treat atrophic rhinitis exclusively with folk remedies - it is only a good and effective addition to drug therapy. In addition, a doctor must prescribe such prescriptions: independent use of folk remedies can aggravate the disease.

Oils (olive, rosehip oil) are used as non-medicinal products to help soften the crusts that have formed. Various tinctures and decoctions help strengthen local immunity and eliminate the inflammatory process; aloe juice helps restore cells. Generally ethnoscience for atrophic rhinitis, it is used for moisturizing, relieving inflammation, and deodorizing during ozone.

Traditional medicine offers the following recipes that significantly improve the patient’s well-being with atrophic rhinitis:

To increase immunity, combine rose hips, raspberry leaves, black currants and lingonberries in equal parts. A tablespoon of the crushed mixture is poured into 200 ml of boiling water and, covering the container, leave for 40 minutes. Take the drink after meals, 70 ml 3 times a day.
To remove inflammatory process mint leaves, St. John's wort and thyme herbs, as well as valerian roots are mixed in a ratio of 2:2:1:1. A tablespoon of herbs should be poured into a glass (250 ml) of long tea (boiling). The decoction should steep for half an hour. Take the drink three times a day after meals in the amount of 100 ml.
To rinse the nasal cavity, use a chamomile decoction: pour a teaspoon of chamomile with a glass of boiling water and leave, covering the container with a tight lid, for about 40 minutes. Strain the broth thoroughly and cool to room temperature. Rinse your nose with the decoction several times a day.
Decoction of 2 tbsp. calendula flowers, steamed 2 tbsp. After two hours of infusion, filter boiled water and rinse your nose with it at least once a day.
Grind 2-3 tbsp. sage leaves, pour boiling water (0.5 l) over them and leave for 2 hours. Before using the decoction to rinse the nasal passages, it must be filtered and, if necessary, heated a little.
Instilling 2-3 drops of sea buckthorn or olive oil into each nostril helps soften the crusts and has an anti-inflammatory effect.
Rinsing the nose with aloe juice promotes cell regeneration.
Nasal rinsing is also effective. sea water. It is prepared by dissolving a level teaspoon of sea salt in a glass of boiled water. The result is a classic 1% saline solution.
Moisten turundas with 10% propolis oil and insert into the nasal passages. Such procedures relieve swelling of the mucous membrane and promote cell regeneration.
Mix a teaspoon of butter with 50 ml sunflower oil and 10 g of crushed propolis. Moisten the turundas with the resulting mixture and place them in the nasal passages for 20-30 minutes. Perform the procedure in the morning and evening.

Drug therapy at home

The chronic form of atrophic rhinitis, the treatment of which is best coordinated with an experienced ENT doctor, cannot be cured without drug therapy. The entire treatment procedure is divided into general and symptomatic therapy. For general treatment, vitamin complexes (A, C, group B), proper nutrition, iodine and iron complexes (Ferrocal, Ferrum Lek, Ferritin) are prescribed if the patient has a deficiency. the main objective general drug therapy - increase the body's resistance.

For symptomatic therapy use:

nasal preparations and aerosol inhalations based on oils - these preparations help soften the crusts and their easy removal from the nasal cavity (“Nazivin”, “Otrivin”, “Galazolin”, “Bioparox”, “Polydexa”, “Isofra”; oils for inhalation - sea buckthorn, peach, olive);
saline solutions for moisturizing the nasal mucosa (“Acesol”, “Glucosolan”, “Disol”, sodium chloride);
ointments that accelerate tissue regeneration and improve metabolism (“Vaseline” ointment, “Linseed” and “Camphor”);
emollient drugs that stop and prevent mucosal atrophy (“Trental”, “Pentoxifylline”, “Curantil”);
course of antibiotics for infectious form atrophic rhinitis (broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed - Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin, Rifampicin, Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin);
medications to restore the secretory function of the nasal mucosa (Solcoseryl, Sodium Adenosine Triphosphate, Sinupret);
physiotherapy (UV irradiation procedures, magnetic therapy, electrophoresis, aerotherapy, aerosol inhalations with enzymes - “Trypsin”, “Ribonuclease”, “Collagenase”).

In conditions home therapy positive result will be achieved only if the patient unquestioningly follows all the instructions of the attending physician.

Is it necessary to treat atrophic rhinitis surgically?

Methods of surgical treatment of atrophic type rhinitis are used if conservative treatment is ineffective. The surgical process is also indicated for obvious atrophy (excessive expansion of the nasal cavities and atrophy of the bone frame of the organ). Operations to eliminate defects involve implanting various alloplastic materials into the area of the septum and the bottom of the nasal cavity: mesh lavsan, plates of tubular bones, placenta, amniotic membranes, nylon (polyamide), acrylic plastic, etc.

Features of the treatment of atrophic rhinitis in a child

In children, atrophic rhinitis differs in symptoms and treatment, but this difference is insignificant. Pathology in children must be treated by an experienced ENT doctor. Initially, it is important to understand the cause of the disease - the treatment regimen depends on this. As a rule, the doctor will prescribe medications to moisturize the nasal mucosa. These can be special solutions of sea salt or pharmaceutical drugs on the base sea water. Also prerequisite is to maintain optimal air humidity in the room where the child is.

If the pathology is a consequence of an allergy, the child is prescribed an appointment antihistamines, exclude contact with allergens. To soften, inhalations with oil-alkaline solutions are prescribed. In general, complex therapy is used with the use of drugs aimed at stopping the inflammatory process, eliminating the symptoms of the disease, and restoring full-fledged respiratory function, strengthening the immune system, stopping tissue atrophy. Proper nutrition and a gentle regimen, as well as a favorable environment in the home, play an important role.

Possible complications

If the disease is ignored, the following complications may arise:

anosmia - loss of sense of smell;
decreased immunity;
deformation of the nose, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses;
pharyngitis, laryngitis;
ear infection;
meningitis;
pneumonia;
tracheobronchitis;
inflammation of the eyeballs;
purulent sinusitis, ethmoiditis, sphenoiditis, frontal sinusitis;
inflammation of the pharynx, larynx, trachea;
gastrointestinal pathologies;
trigeminal neuralgia;
depressive states, neurasthenia, apathy.

The atrophic form of rhinitis is a rather complex disease that is important to diagnose in time. Any delay may cause serious complications. In addition, the pathology itself negatively affects the general well-being of the patient, reducing his performance and quality of life in general.

Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic, long-term inflammation of the nasal mucosa, which is accompanied by atrophy of the mucous and submucosal layers, and as the process develops, atrophy of the periosteum and bone tissue of the nasal cavity. More adults suffer from atrophic rhinitis than children. The disease manifests itself in two forms: simple and ozena, otherwise - foul runny nose. Let's consider the main causes of atrophic rhinitis and methods of its treatment.

Causes of atrophic rhinitis

There are many reasons for the appearance of atrophic rhinitis. Here are the main ones.

1. Genetic constitutional dystrophy of the upper respiratory tract. The initial signs of degeneration of the nasal mucosa are a predisposing factor for the penetration of infection and the development of inflammation.

2. Pathology immune system . A decrease in the level of general or local immunity leads to an increased risk of infections in the nasal mucosa. Viral pathology develops predominantly.

3. Diseases gastrointestinal tract . The gastrointestinal tract, skin and mucous membranes (including the nose) have the same general nature - they grow from the same embryonic layer, they have the same immune, lymphatic and circulatory systems. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can provoke inflammation of the mucous membranes.

4. Diseases of the liver and biliary tract. Due to damage to the liver or biliary tract, toxins accumulate in the body, which are largely excreted through the nose in the form of mucus. The accumulation of toxins can cause inflammation of the nasal mucosa.

5. Hormonal diseases . Violations in the hormonal regulation of metabolism often lead to serious changes in organs, incl. in mucous membranes. A lack of certain hormones can lead to mucosal atrophy.

6. Infections.

7. Chronic, recurrent or untreated upper respiratory tract infections definitely lead to mucosal atrophy. Injuries to the nose and paranasal sinuses

8. . Violation of the trophism (blood supply) of the nasal mucosa, due to injury, can also lead to the appearance of atrophic rhinitis. Surgical interventions in the nose area

9. (conchotomy, adenotomy, removal of foreign bodies, polypotomy, prolonged or repeated nasal tamponade, as well as conditions after septoplasty). The cause and mechanism of the pathology is identical to that for nasal injuries. Surgical interventions Radiation therapy

10. . Irradiation of the nasal mucosa with radioisotopes directly leads to dystrophic and atrophic phenomena and the development of atrophic rhinitis. Long-term uncontrolled use of vasoconstrictor drops

11. . This situation is also associated with a violation of the trophism of the nasal mucosa, and as a consequence - the development of atrophic rhinitis. Unhealthy Lifestyle . Smoking, alcohol, lack of sufficient motor activity

may partly lead to vascular congestion and contribute to the development of atrophic rhinitis.

13. 12. Stress. Stress constricts blood vessels, disrupting their trophism. The result is the development of atrophic rhinitis. Dry hot climate

. This is a mucosal irritant. With insufficient prevention (air humidification, abundant fluid intake), signs of inflammation may appear, and with prolonged exposure to irritating factors, signs of atrophy of the nasal mucosa may appear.

The simple form of atrophic rhinitis is characterized by the presence of: a small amount of mucus discharge, a tendency to form crusts in the nasal passages (but odorless), difficulty breathing through the nose, a feeling of dryness in the nose, decreased sense of smell, slight nosebleeds, irritability, general weakness.

A form of atrophic rhinitis, called ozena (popularly “fetid runny nose”), is accompanied by severe atrophy of the nasal mucosa and bone walls nasal cavity.

Hard crusts form on the walls of the nasal passages, emitting a sharp, unpleasant odor.

The foul odor disappears for a time after the crusts are removed, but only until new ones form. A patient with atrophic rhinitis, due to atrophy of the receptor zone of the olfactory analyzer, does not feel this smell. When the atrophic process moves to the pharynx, larynx and trachea, hoarseness appears, persistent cough and difficulty breathing. Due to bone tissue atrophy, the external nose can become deformed, the bridge of the nose sinks and a “duck” nose shape develops.

Patients with atrophic rhinitis also complain of severe dryness in the nose, thick discharge, crusting and difficulty breathing.

Treatment of atrophic rhinitis

Conservative (non-surgical) treatment of atrophic rhinitis

1. Irrigation, nasal lavage and intranasal removal of crusts. Regular rinsing of the nasal cavity with physiological, hypertonic solution, and preparations based on sea salt is used. In order to facilitate the removal of crusts, tampons with olive, sea buckthorn or peach oil. Also, to slow down atrophy and prevent inflammation, they are used oil drops and emollient ointments (vaseline, lanolin, naphthalene), which are injected directly into the nasal cavity. A 25% solution of glucose in glycerin is sometimes injected into the nasal cavity in order to prevent unpleasant odor caused by colonization of the mucous membrane by proteolytic microorganisms.

2. Antibiotic therapy. Antibacterial agents(most often these are cephalosporins of the III and IV generations, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems) are administered parenterally (intravenously), in accordance with the determination of sensitivity based on the results of cultural diagnostics. Tetracycline antibiotics and chloramphenicol are used orally. Streptomycin is used as interstitial (local) antibiotic treatment.

3. Treatment of concomitant pathology. If there are others chronic diseases internal organs, their full treatment is necessary to eliminate the influence on the result of therapy for atrophic rhinitis. Rehabilitation of foci of chronic infection is also carried out.

4. Local physiotherapeutic treatment. The most common of these methods is a helium-neon laser to stimulate the trophism (blood supply) of the nasal mucosa.

5. Other conservative methods of treating atrophic rhinitis. General stimulating treatment is used: vitamin therapy, autohemotherapy, protein therapy, injections of aloe extract, injections of pyrogenal, vaccine therapy (a vaccine made from bacteria that grow in the nasal cavity of patients with ozena).

Surgical treatment of atrophic rhinitis

Surgical intervention aims to increase the secretory function of the glands of the nasal mucosa (stimulating operations), reduce the formation of crusts and eliminate odor. Types of operations: Young's operations, modified Young's operations, narrowing of the nasal cavity, medial movements of the lateral wall of the nose, transfer of the parotid duct into maxillary sinus or nasal mucosa. For example, artificial mechanical narrowing of the nasal cavity is carried out by implanting poorly differentiated tissues with pronounced antigenic properties under the tissue of the nasal mucosa: autocartilage, umbilical cord, amniotic membranes. In addition, plates are used spongy bone, fat, Teflon, nylon, acrylic plastic, alloplastic antimicrobial polymer. Stimulation of the glands of the nasal mucosa after surgery improves the hydration of the mucous membrane, reducing the number of crusts and foul odor.

Folk and home remedies for treating atrophic rhinitis

Folk and home remedies for atrophic rhinitis can be used only after consultation with your doctor, not excluding the prescribed primary treatment. The most used herbal remedies for atrophic rhinitis:

1. Calendula. Calendula has a pronounced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. Calendula, in addition, has a mild sedative (calming) effect when used as an infusion.
2. Eucalyptus. Eucalyptus leaves are used, which contain substances that increase local immunity. Eucalyptus extract smells pleasant and is often recommended for inhalation.

3. Olive oil. This oil softens the inflamed mucous membrane and helps reduce its swelling.

4. St. John's wort. The herb St. John's wort increases the body's overall resistance (resistance to infection), which effectively helps the body fight pathogenic microflora and significantly reduces the severity of symptoms of inflammation.

5. Aloe. Aloe vera juice has high anti-inflammatory activity and helps strengthen the immune system. Aloe juice is used for instillation into the nose for atrophic rhinitis.

6. Kalanchoe. Kolanchoe leaf juice accelerates tissue regeneration (recovery, healing) and relieves inflammation. It is also used for instillation into the nose.

7. Roots and rhizomes of bergenia thick-leaved. They are used for the preparation of herbal medicines in the form of powders, used locally for chronic forms rhinitis.

8. Ephedra bispica. Green shoots of ephedra two-spikelet are used for cooking vasoconstrictor drugs, for the symptomatic treatment of rhinitis.

Other home remedies for treating atrophic rhinitis and methods of their use

1. Rinsing the nasal passages. Rinsing makes it possible to mechanically clean the nose of mucus and crusts, and disinfect (sanitize) the nose to eliminate inflammation. It is preferable to use sea salt. You should not enhance the therapeutic effect of the procedure by adding more salt to the solution. A teaspoon per glass is enough. Be sure to mix the solution thoroughly and wait until the sea salt is completely dissolved, otherwise during the procedure the hard grains will damage the nasal mucosa. The water should be warm, but not hot. The patient's head is placed on its side, and the solution is injected into one nostril so that it flows out of the other. Then, the same is repeated on the other side.

2. Use of oils. Preferably for atrophic rhinitis, thuja oil. This is the best natural anti-inflammatory, bactericidal and fungicidal agent that does not constrict blood vessels. In addition, thuja oil is a powerful immunomodulatory agent. Use thuja oil drops and drops from thuja pine decoction.

3. Homemade teas. Drinking, especially during exacerbation of rhinitis, should be plentiful. You can use the following tea recipe: one tablespoon of grated ginger, one teaspoon of ground cinnamon, pureed cranberries without sugar - two teaspoons per half liter of boiling water. Leave for 20 minutes, drink half an hour before meals three times a day.

4. Use of decoctions. To prepare decoctions, you can use the plants listed at the beginning of the section on the treatment of rhinitis with folk remedies. As an example, an effective treatment for rhinitis is a decoction of eucalyptus and marshmallow leaves. Eucalyptus acts as a strong disinfectant and astringent, while marshmallow acts as an enveloping agent and is also an anti-inflammatory agent. Preparation of the decoction: take 20 grams of marshmallow leaves and 10 grams of eucalyptus leaves per glass of boiling water. They are then boiled for five to ten minutes. After this, filter. Rinse your nose 5-6 times a day, 2-3 times each time.

Prognosis for atrophic rhinitis

At improper treatment atrophic rhinitis or without treatment, the prognosis of the disease may become unfavorable. This is due to the fact that mucosal atrophy is the last stage of the functionality of the nasal cavity (without mucosal function, breathing in the nasal cavity is completely disrupted). What are these functions? First of all, the elimination of foreign particles and the retention of foreign bodies from the air. Humidifying and warming the air. And finally, a powerful barrier to infection. With timely and full treatment atrophic rhinitis, the prognosis of the disease is favorable.

General practitioner Koikov A.I.