New technologies of building materials. Finishing materials: market news New products on the finishing materials market

The attractiveness of any home depends on the interior decoration of the room. It is the finishing touches in furnishing an apartment or house that make it comfortable and cozy. Most often, consumers prefer familiar materials that are time-tested and guarantee reliability and durability. However, construction thought does not stand still, and new, more efficient and less costly technologies in finishing work are constantly appearing.

In a modern interior there is no longer a place for simple lamellas, “lining” and clinker stone. Of course, in general, the materials for interior decoration remained the same: wallpaper, tiles, various plaster panels, varnishes and paints. However, manufacturers have improved their quality: now familiar materials have new properties that are valuable in use and unusual shapes, allowing you to create innovative interior design. Repair materials that have appeared quite recently are gaining popularity.

Protective coatings

The latest types of protective coatings have proven themselves well in various types of finishing work - more and more craftsmen are giving preference to modern materials due to their reliability and safety.

We have selected four modern protective wall coverings that will allow you to use non-standard solutions in decorating your apartment:

Slate paints;
Magnetic paints.

Thanks to the properties of some substances added to marker paints, after the surface has completely dried, about a week after finishing work, you can safely draw on the walls with markers, like on a marker school board. Such paints are an excellent solution for the walls of children's rooms.

Slate paints

Another option for children’s interiors is slate paints. When using this material, you will be able to avoid the unpleasant hassle of washing painted walls. Children can safely paint on a surface covered with slate paint with crayons, without fear of consequences, because drawings and inscriptions can be erased, just like on a regular slate board.

Antibacterial paint cleans and disinfects the air, destroys harmful microbes. It is used in children's rooms and medical institutions. The action of the paint is based on the principle of photocatalysis, which is triggered when exposed to light. This coating also helps to avoid allergic reactions.

Magnetic paint

Magnetic paint contains small particles of metal, which allows you to attach various things with magnets to it - now travel souvenirs can be hung not only on the refrigerator!

Wallpaper has enjoyed stable popularity for many decades, and today new, more convenient options for this coating continue to appear - for example, thermal wallpaper.

In some characteristics they resemble ordinary vinyl or paper wallpaper, but under the influence of any heat source they change color and a pattern appears on the surface. The secret is in the use of special paint, which reveals its properties when heated.

Another innovation in the field of renovation is seamless wallpaper. They resemble decorative tapes that are glued horizontally to the walls.

In the production of wallpaper, new materials are used that replace the standard ones - paper, textiles and vinyl - for example, cork. To make cork wallpaper, compressed cork chips are used. The main advantage of this material is environmental friendliness, but a significant disadvantage is its high cost. No adhesive additives are used for gluing such wallpaper to walls. The heat-treated material releases natural juice, which reliably holds the mass together.

Liquid wallpaper is also used as a protective coating for walls. Behind the strange phrase lies a material that is decorative plaster, which is applied to the wall with a spatula and then leveled in an even layer over the surface of the wall. This coating hides unevenness and small cracks in the walls, but at the same time allows the walls to breathe, which prevents the appearance of mold. Disadvantages of use include high cost and solubility in water: you should avoid getting water on the coating and additionally fix the “liquid wallpaper” with a special varnish.

The coating imitates natural stone and is a durable and wear-resistant material. Walls lined with flexible stone look as if they are covered with natural granite or marble.

Venetian plaster

An unusual protective coating for walls, which is a liquid material that dries in an even layer and looks like natural marble.

Energy-saving technologies for repairs

One of the goals of innovations in interior decoration is the introduction of energy-saving technologies for renovation, which allows saving heat in the house.

The most common way to reduce thermal energy consumption is to insulate the walls and ceilings of the building. In this regard, new technologies for repairing ceilings have emerged.

A stretch ceiling is a polyvinyl chloride film stretched tightly over a mounted frame. Additionally, it is equipped with lighting fixtures of various shapes and configurations.

A stretch ceiling consists of several elements:

PVC fabric;
Lighting;
Frame;
Decorative baguettes and plugs.

Stretch ceilings have different appearances depending on the chosen material: some resemble a mirror-polished surface, others resemble a plastered surface.

The following types of tensile structures are used:

With varnish texture: most popular due to its shiny surface, which well reflects light and interior elements of the room;
With a matte texture: the complete opposite of the previous type - the surface completely absorbs light; used primarily in government agencies;
Satin texture: combines a varnish coating and a grained surface, the room gets soft diffused light and beautiful tints;
Perforated texture: when the light is turned off, it imitates a starry night sky.

Manufacturers are constantly offering new types of textures and many shades of stretch ceilings.

Stained glass ceilings have a number of advantages over conventional materials:

Beautiful and unusual appearance;
Easy to install: installation of the structure is easy to do with your own hands - stained glass windows are installed using the assembly method.
Practicality in operation: the ceiling is made up of separate parts that are easily replaced in case of damage; they are easy to wash and wipe off dust;
Environmental safety: the stained glass window is made of metal and glass - no plastic!

The undeniable advantages of such a ceiling covering include resistance to moisture - because of this, its use in bathrooms is popular.

When choosing finishing materials for flooring, you should take into account the purpose of the rooms of the apartment or house. For example, wooden flooring looks especially authentic in the kitchen, but it requires special care there. It is also necessary to pay attention to the fact that some synthetic materials can cause allergies in people living in the house.

Indicators such as the appearance of the material, its moisture resistance, as well as the base on which the material will be installed are also significant.

Unusual types of tiles

For a long time, tiles have been the leader among floor coverings for bathrooms and kitchens; however, this is a rather “conservative” material that is difficult to improve. Only relatively recently have such variations of the usual surfaces appeared, such as volumetric, liquid and pebble tiles.

The volumetric tile has bizarre shapes: it is concave on one edge and convex on the other. Such tiles look especially impressive on the wall, giving the room a stylish and status look. It should be noted that installation of the material is complicated and therefore an expensive service.

Liquid tiles allow you to create a unique room design: they change color and image under mechanical influences. Liquid tiles are laid mainly on the floor - there their properties can be fully revealed.

Pebble tiles are used to decorate bathroom walls. It consists of many stones glued to a tile base.

Floor array

High-quality flooring is made from solid wood. This material replaces parquet. Production is simplified by the fact that technological processes such as sanding and varnishing are carried out in the factory. The solid board is laid in the same way as parquet - by gluing it to the base.

Modern technologies have also affected the production of parquet. Thus, artistic parquet is an expensive floor covering made from various types of wood. To create a pattern, panel parquet is used or decorative elements are combined with strips of piece parquet.

An innovative flooring material is improved linoleum. This is an environmentally friendly coating made from natural raw materials.

Marmoleum does not warp or fade, has good thermal insulation properties, is non-toxic, and can withstand heavy loads without loss of performance.

Due to its low cost, this material will soon be able to replace the usual laminate.

Innovative finishing materials that have emerged fit harmoniously into any interior. The advantages of such materials are obvious: safety for the health of those living in the house, environmental friendliness, high wear resistance, original appearance. Innovative materials are expensive, but these costs are worth it.

New construction technologies require new materials. Thus, scientists in Mexico have created a new type of paint - thermal paint, which has greater thermal conductivity. What is thermal paint, its price, is thermal paint suitable for use inside an apartment, does it have a smell or not. We will try to highlight these issues. Traditionally, we believe that paint protects materials from the harmful effects of the atmosphere,…

The so-called anti-seismic textile wallpaper with fiberglass is one of the new building materials of 2016. In areas with increased seismic activity, special materials and designs are used for the construction of buildings that can withstand ground vibrations during earthquakes. But what to do with buildings built before the development of anti-seismic structures? It is clear that these buildings need to be strengthened…

Tiles in the form of rubber tiles that extend the life of old tires Modern construction companies are constantly looking for new building materials that are lower cost and high quality compared to their counterparts. Increased attention is paid to innovative roofing coverings, which are a very important part in the construction of residential buildings. A striking example of this is the roof...

Last update: 02/17/2019

Alternative options: floor on joists (wooden supports) and dry floor screed. The advantage of these methods is that you don’t have to waste precious time waiting for the floor to dry.

Instructions for making concrete screed

Material for concrete screed

rough leveler– if the difference in surface height is more than 5 cm. After leveling the surface with this material, you will have to equip a finishing screed, the thickness of which should not exceed 1 cm. The quantity is calculated based on the instructions of the material manufacturer, which can be found on the packaging
self-leveling coating– used if there are small unevenness or cracks on the surface of the subfloor
beacon profile– purchased based on the area of the room and installed at a distance of 1 meter from each other
primer– it is better to buy a deep penetration composition, it will improve the adhesion of the material to the surface, while preventing cracking and peeling
gypsum mixture– fixation of beacons at a certain height
waterproofing - used in the bathroom, as well as for seams, so as not to flood the neighbors
edge tape

Tools

container for mixing the solution
hammer drill with mixer attachment
rule
level
roller for spreading primer

Before pouring concrete solution, prepare the surface– cover all cracks and crevices so as not to flood the neighbors.

After this, you can begin arranging the screed:

Prime the prepared surface.
Apply sealing tape to the walls around the entire perimeter of the room.
Prepare a gypsum mixture for installing beacons; mix it with a hammer drill with a mixer attachment.
Using a level, install the beacons at a distance of 1-1.5 meters from each other on the slats of the plaster mortar.
Once the gypsum mixture has dried, you can begin pouring.
Mix the solution according to the instructions.
Fill the distance between the beacons with the mixture and level it with a rule.
Leave the screed until completely dry.

Instructions for performing dry screed

Materials for dry screed:

Dry mixture for leveling the floor, fine expanded clay
Knauf floor elements
Self-tapping screws
Edge tape
Cellophane film 200 microns and tape
PVA construction adhesive

From the tools:

screwdriver
rule
plastic float for compaction

Algorithm for performing the work:

Prepare the floor surface.
Spread the film over the entire surface with a mandatory overlap of 15 cm on the walls. If the width of the film is not enough for the entire room, then the strips are covered with an overlap of 5 cm and the seam is taped with metallized tape.
It is worth noting that stationary beacons cannot be installed in this case, so profiles are laid on the surface with the wide side up, at a distance of 1.5-2 m from each other (depending on the length of the rule). Installation is carried out by level.
Expanded clay is poured in, leveled along the profiles and compacted well with a plastic float.
The profiles are pulled out and their installation sites are covered with expanded clay.
You can begin laying the floor elements.
The edges of the plates are coated with PVA glue until they are connected to each other.
After all the slabs have been laid, the seams must be additionally fastened with self-tapping screws every 25 cm.

The dry screed is ready immediately and you can begin arranging the final floor covering. No need to wait. Detailed from personal experience.

How to calculate the required amount of materials

You cannot write any specific number and say that this is what is needed for any one-, two-, three-room apartment. It all depends on the footage and the unevenness of the floor.

General calculation principle:

find the highest point of the floor
measure from this point you need the floor level that will be throughout the apartment
find the lowest point of the floor
consider the volume that needs to be filled as the product of the height from the bottom point by the length and the width
add up all the numbers for each room
Calculate the volume that fills a bag of mixture or expanded clay (written in the instructions)
divide the total volume by the volume by the volume that fills the bag of mixture
get the right number of bags

In this case, get materials with a reserve, since the differences in the floor throughout the apartment are unlikely to be the same, in some places less, and in others more. Maximum quantity calculated.

As a rule, leftover building materials in intact packaging and with a receipt can be returned to the store without any problems, but just in case, check.

It is better to return the excess than to realize during the process that one bag is not enough.

Decorating walls in an apartment - materials

The main and important stage in renovating an apartment is leveling the walls. There are several ways to make the surface perfectly flat; the two most common are described below.

Plastering and puttying of walls

The process is labor-intensive, but it is quite possible to do this work yourself

dry plaster mixture based on gypsum
primer
putty
beacon profiles

Tools you will need:

spatula
construction bucket
hammer drill with attachment
Master OK
level
rule

The material is calculated based on the condition of the walls and their curvature, similar to the calculations of materials for the floor (see above).

The work is carried out as follows:

The surface is prepared, large cracks and potholes are covered, the surface is primed with 2 layers to improve the adhesion (sticking) of the plaster.
Beacons are installed at a distance of one and a half meters from each other. Installation begins with a corner, from which you should retreat 15 cm. On the opposite side, install a second beacon at the same distance from the corner. The construction cord is stretched between the beacon elements: top, bottom and in the middle - this is a guideline for installing the remaining profiles.
Once the beacons are installed and the solution has dried, you can begin leveling the walls.
Dilute the plaster mixture according to the instructions on the package. Starting from the floor, fill the distance between the beacons with the mixture, while gradually leveling the beacons with the rule.
The process continues until the entire surface of the walls is completely covered with the plaster mixture.

At this stage, work stops until the plastered surface is completely dry.

Depending on the finishing coating, the walls may also need to be puttied and sanded, for example, for wallpapering. If you plan to use decorative plaster or stone, then this is not necessary.

Important! When purchasing materials, it is also worth making a 10% reserve, since consumption may be more than planned.

Method two - finishing the walls with plasterboard (gypsum plasterboard)

This method of leveling walls is much simpler and cleaner, and you can immediately make, albeit small, soundproofing of the walls. To do this, you will need to lay additional soundproofing material.

The cost will of course increase, but in return you will get more comfort.

The following materials will be required:

guide profile - will be installed on the ceiling and floor
wall profile – used as lathing
GKL slabs 12 mm
screws and dowel nails
direct suspension
serpyanka
plaster mixture
polymer-based putty
damping tape - to reduce noise from neighbors through the walls

From the tool:

hammer drill for installing profiles
screwdriver with bits
spatula
metal scissors
level

Once everything is ready, you can begin assembling the sheathing from the profiles.

Install guide profiles on the ceiling and floor according to the level, using dowel nails, the pitch of which will be 25 cm. Do not forget to glue the damping tape on the side where they will adjoin the walls, floor and ceiling.
Then they begin the installation of wall elements, which are inserted into the guide profile and screwed with small self-tapping screws. The pitch between profiles is 60 cm.
A wall profile is attached to the hangers for better structural rigidity.
Next is to install the jumpers. They are formed from a wall profile, which is cut with metal scissors. The jumpers are installed at a distance of 50 cm from each other in a checkerboard pattern.
Once the frame of the profiles has been assembled, you can begin covering the sheathing with plasterboard. Sheathing begins from the far corner in a checkerboard pattern, mixing the next sheet by 50 cm.
Screw the drywall with self-tapping screws, the spacing of which is: along the seam - 15 cm, along the sheet - 25 cm.
As soon as all the walls are covered with gypsum plasterboards, finishing work begins.
The first thing you need to do is seal the seams: glue them with sickle tape and cover them with putty.
Then the surface must be covered with two layers of primer and puttied.

As soon as the layer of putty has dried, it needs to be sanded and you can begin gluing wallpaper or other finishing materials.

What kind of ceilings should I make in the apartment?

The ceiling surface can be finished in several ways:

make suspended ceilings
install a suspended plasterboard ceiling
apply plaster and paint

Let's consider these methods in more detail.

Stretch ceiling

It's easy to do. Choose a company and order work. Installation will be completed within a few hours.

The cost will depend on the type of canvas, the area of the ceiling surface and the number of lighting fixtures.

It’s not worth saving a lot of money, there is a risk of running into cheap materials or installers who violate safety regulations (the most harmless thing is that you will have an unpleasant smell in your apartment, the worst option is that the cylinder will explode during installation).

The advantages of suspended ceilings include:

a kind of protection from flooding of the apartment by neighbors from above
installation speed
looks neat and beautiful

Of the minuses:

To make normal sound insulation, you need to pre-install gypsum boards, which leads to increased costs of work and lowering of the ceiling.

Ceiling made of gypsum plasterboard

To build a suspended ceiling with your own hands, you will need to purchase the following materials:

guide profiles
rack elements
straight suspension
GKL slabs
crabs – profile connectors
fasteners - self-tapping screws and dowel nails
serpyanka
putty
primer-impregnation
dye

Installation begins with marking the surface. Then the guide profiles are installed. Once the guides are installed, begin installing the main elements.

After assembling the sheathing, plasterboard is mounted on the ceiling and the finishing is carried out:

Seal the seams between the slabs.
Apply primer.
Putty the surface and clean it.
They apply paint.

Pros:

You can make additional sound insulation from neighbors above.

Of the minuses:

The work can take several days, or even weeks.
Cost of work.
If you are flooded from above, then everything will have to be redone.

Plastering and painting the ceiling

Nowadays it is used very rarely, since the work is very labor-intensive and dirty. If you decide to apply plaster to the ceiling surface, then it is better to hire a professional team of finishers.

You can save money and do everything yourself, but it will take a lot of effort and time, and you are unlikely to get any benefits.

Which ceiling is better to make in an apartment?

There is no definite answer to this question; it all depends on the apartment.

The options are as follows:

If the neighbors do not interfere (for example, you have the top floor), then install a suspended ceiling.
If there are noisy neighbors, then make the ceiling from gypsum plasterboard with sound insulation. If there is no noise yet, this does not mean that the owners will not change tomorrow.
If the ceilings are high, then make gypsum boards with sound insulation and use suspended ceilings instead of finishing. The price won't be much more expensive.

Important! Do not make a gypsum board ceiling with protrusions, even if it looks beautiful. Dust will constantly accumulate there, which sooner or later will negatively affect your health.

Electrics in the apartment

In a new building, the electrical wiring needs to be checked and where it needs to be altered. In old houses, aluminum wiring should definitely be replaced with copper.

You will need the following:

three-core cable VVG with a cross-section of 3x2.5 mm² for sockets, for lighting - 3x1.5 mm²; for installation of high power electrical appliances – 3x6 mm²
RCD and differential automatic (protection of people), voltage control relay (protection of electrical appliances)
automatic switch 10 A for lighting fixtures, 16 A for sockets, 32 A for stove
sockets and switches
distribution boxes and connection terminals

Advice!

It is better to buy all wires with a reserve length, as they are in the distribution. boxes need to leave extra wire for future repairs.

Trust only professionals. Ask what, how and why is being done. Be sure to monitor the work performed, as your safety depends on it.

4 rules for doing electrical work yourself

The machine should turn off before the wiring starts to heat up.

Eg, The wiring is designed for 16 A and there is a 25 A automatic machine. You will turn on the kettle, iron and microwave at the same time. The machine does not turn off, the wiring gets hot. Sooner or later this may lead to a fire. In this case, you need to install a 16 A machine and not connect many powerful household appliances simultaneously to one network.

Set up two networks in each room - one for light, the other for sockets. If possible, also make a separate network for the boiler and refrigerator.

The wiring must be strictly horizontal and vertical. Using this rule, you will remember where the cable runs in a year.

All connections are well insulated, no twists (soldering is also not advisable). If an electrician connects wires by twisting them together, then feel free to kick him out. Soldering, although a reliable connection, leads to more complicated and more expensive repairs.

Bathroom renovation (bathroom and toilet)

Bathroom renovations are a separate topic of discussion, since the amount of work is quite large. Some you can do yourself, but for some it is better to hire a plumber.

For wall decoration, you can use several options:

laying ceramic tiles
wall cladding with MDF or PVC panels
painting

What materials are required for each type of finish?

Ceramic tile finishing:

cement based plaster mixture
tile adhesive
beacon profile
tile grout
priming
crosses, for forming even seams
ceramic tile

Before installation, the walls should be plastered along the beacons; this will reduce the consumption of tile adhesive and thereby save your money. This type of finishing is quite expensive and labor-intensive, but durable.

It's better to save money on something else and lay the tiles right away than to redo it later.

Panel installation:

moisture-resistant MDF panels or PVC;
guide and wall profile;
straight hangers;
fasteners.

Any owner can perform this type of finishing without any experience. The order of work is as follows:

assemble a frame from profiles
install panels
arrange the baseboard

Painting walls in the bathroom and toilet:

plaster mixture
putty
water-based paint, waterproof
priming

Before painting the walls in the bathroom, you need to plaster the surfaces, putty and clean them. The most budget option, but will often require repairs.

Important! All materials used in the bathroom must have a good degree of moisture resistance. It is also advisable to treat all surfaces with antiseptic compounds.

Glazing of a loggia/balcony

To carry out this type of work, it is better to contact a company that manufactures and installs plastic window structures. The specialist will take measurements and the team will carry out the glazing in a short time.

Depending on the design of the balcony or loggia, there may be different options for which glazing to choose:

If you have an old Khrushchev building and the concrete slab of the balcony is based on your word of honor, then there is no point in spending money. The maximum you can do is make sliding aluminum windows.
If you have a new building with a large loggia, then you should think about insulating it. To do this, you will have to install good double-glazed windows.

Glazing a balcony or loggia is not a task of primary importance; if the family budget is limited, then this work can be postponed.

An article about that.

It will also be useful when glazing a loggia or balcony.

Conclusion Renovating an apartment is a very troublesome business.

, labor-intensive and requires investment. You can take a look at this example: average, budget, no frills.

Some work can be done independently, but labor-intensive work or requiring special tools should be entrusted to specialists. One thing is certain

, definitely necessary, preferably with an estimate.

If you are missing any information in this article, please write in the comments. I also recommend reading

Flexible stone is the most successful attempt to recreate a natural material. It is a thin section of sandstone held together with a textile-based binder polymer. This stone is made in the form of flexible sheets and tiles. Its warm color palette, unique texture and play of shades will make the surfaces incredibly beautiful. The scope of application is limitless: from walls and floors to complex art objects. Flexible stone can be used to decorate bathrooms, saunas, fountains and even to decorate fireplaces.

Liquid wood is a real revolution in the field of modern terrace coverings. Such boards are made from premium hardwood and polyvinyl chloride. Liquid wood is ideal for outdoor decoration in any climatic conditions. Finds a wide range of applications in the design of verandas and garden areas. Also used for hedges, fences, benches, gazebos, playgrounds.

Fiberglass reinforcement has become a real breakthrough in the production of concrete-based products. Non-metallic reinforcement is made from basalt fiber and fiberglass, and has a number of advantages over its steel counterparts. The main areas of application of fiberglass composite reinforcement are foundations. Can also be used in the home for the foundation of small buildings, greenhouses and greenhouses

What was the site of the main loss of heat in the room can become the source of its production. “Heating glass” is made by sputtering a conductive film, which does not impair its transparency at all. Such glass can serve as a source of main or additional heating of rooms, and can be used for the manufacture of heating, non-fogging windows, doors, mirrors and display cases. Heating windows are a truly unique opportunity to enjoy warmth and comfort at any time of the year.

Ecowool is a modern cellulose insulation made from waste paper with the addition of special fillers. The structure of this material is a homogeneous mass. Its installation is carried out in bulk in the cells of the frame, which allows you to create an even, seamless layer that completely fills the area, without voids and cold bridges. Widely used both in the construction of private residential buildings and on an industrial scale. Housing insulated with ecowool has increased comfort and high performance qualities.

Marker paint is a paint based on epoxy resins or acrylic polymers that, once cured, gives the effect of a marker board. After applying such paint on the surface, you can write, draw, draw with any markers (intended for use on marker boards) and easily erase what you have written with an ordinary napkin.

Foam glass (foamed glass, cellular glass) is a heat-insulating material that is a foamed glass mass. Foam glass is used mainly as a universal heat insulator. The exceptional properties of foam glass allow it to be used in cases where no other thermal insulation material can ensure compliance with technical requirements and safety measures.

Gypsum panels

Decorative 3D gypsum panels are used for wall decoration. This approach opens up a third dimension in the field of interior design, previously limited to the use of flat, cold surfaces. The wealth of color and texture solutions allows you to use environmentally friendly gypsum 3D panels to implement any architectural tasks and creative ideas in the design of various rooms.

Vinyl floor

Vinyl floors are a multi-layer polymer-based coating. Under the transparent layer there is a layer on which a pattern is applied that imitates natural wood, tile, cork or stone. The floor is installed by gluing it to the base using special glue. A floor made of vinyl covering is not afraid of moisture, sand, and is difficult to damage. The material is intended for use in various rooms - in the hallway, living room, kitchen, bedroom and children's room. The coating is also suitable for heated floors and has excellent performance properties.

Liquid thermal insulation

Liquid thermal insulation is a modern method of insulation. A special composition with a consistency similar to regular paint. The main advantage is that 1 millimeter of material gives the same effect as a 5-7 cm layer of mineral wool. At the same time, this insulation is absolutely safe for health, does not spread through the fibers and is not a source of harmful dust that is dangerous to the lungs. Liquid thermal insulation is used in many places. Most often, pipes are treated with it, which is very convenient. It is also good to use this material when insulating houses: roofs, floors and walls.

Modern innovative construction technologies, striking the imagination with their originality and fantasticness, use both the achievements of the latest scientific research and the invaluable experience of ancestors.

Let's start with the most common building material - wood. It would seem that what else can be invented here? But here, too, modern innovative technologies come to the rescue.

1. Technology of construction of domed houses without nails, Vladivostok, Russia

Scientists from the Far Eastern Federal University are creating modern wooden domed houses. At the same time, as in the good old days of Russian architects, without a single nail. Their uniqueness lies in the use of new designs of locks between the individual parts of the wooden spherical frame.

A domed house made of wooden parts is created in record time. Literally in a matter of hours, the frame of an unusual house grows. Today they want to try this technology in several Russian cities. The links are connected to each other using a special lock, which absorbs all loads - vertical, lateral, and so on. The parts are made with such precision that it looks like a Lego set. Any person, having such a kit with small assembly instructions, can mount this structure independently.

At one of the recreation centers in the Primorsky Territory there is already a domed express cafe “Snezhok”, built by scientists, which is very popular, attracting visitors with its unusual shape. The second domed house is much larger - it is a two-story twelve-meter structure with an area of 195 m2.

2. Multi-storey wooden buildings, London, UK

We are all somehow accustomed to the fact that wood is used to build low houses, one or two floors. But US developers believe it is possible to use wood to construct buildings up to 30 floors high.

The first of the modern residential buildings, built of wood using modern technologies of wooden house construction (from five-layer wooden glued panels), has 9 floors and 30 meters in height. This house is located in London, it has 29 residential apartments and offices on the ground floor.

It is amazing that the entire above-ground part of this house was built in 28 working days by just five people, armed with only one mobile crane and electric screwdrivers.

3. Technology of construction of wooden houses Naturi, Austria

The technology consists of profiled thin tree trunks, called “balance” by specialists, which are cut on a four-sided machine. The fact that a fine gauge is used is clearly demonstrated by the fact that in every element, without exception, there is necessarily a core of wood.

Then from such “puzzles” you can assemble any part of the building. When drying out, individual elements become deformed and jam “tightly” ", creating a very strong and lightweight structure.The purpose of inventing such a technology is the use of low-quality raw materials, which in Russia, for example, are only used for cellulose or simply thrown into waste.

4. Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China

Chinese architects have invented a way to build cheap houses. Their secret is a huge 3D printer that literally prints real estate. And there would be nothing unusual in this - the technologies for “printing” buildings are already known. But the fact is that Chinese houses will be made... from construction waste.

Thus, the specialists of the architectural company Winsun intend to solve two problems at once. In addition to creating inexpensive houses, the project will give a second life to construction waste and industrial waste - this is what houses are made from.

The giant printer has truly impressive dimensions - 150 x 10 x 6 meters. The device is quite powerful and can print up to 10 houses per day. The cost of each of them is no more than 5 thousand dollars.

A huge machine builds the outer structure, and the inner partitions are installed later by hand. With the help of 3D printing technology, the Celestial Empire hopes to solve the pressing problem of affordable housing. In the near future, several hundred factories will appear in the country, where consumables for a giant printer will be produced from construction waste.

5. House printed from bioplastic, Amsterdam, Holland

Dus Architects has developed a project to print a residential building using a 3D printer from bioplastic. Construction is carried out using an industrial 3D printer KarmaMaker, which “prints” plastic walls. The design of the building is very unusual - walls are attached to the three-meter end of the house, like in a Lego set. If redevelopment of the building is required, it can be easily changed by replacing one part with another.

Henkel's bioplastic, a mixture of vegetable oil and microfiber, is used for construction, and the foundation of the house will be made of lightweight concrete. Once completed, the building will consist of thirteen separate rooms. This technology could change the entire construction industry. Old residential buildings and offices could simply be “melted down” and made into something new.

The idea for a similar material was found in ordinary shells. The fact is that shells are enriched with the necessary complex of minerals that give them elasticity. It is these minerals that are added to the concrete composition. The new type of concrete is incredibly elastic, more resistant to cracks, and is also 40-50 percent lighter. Such concrete will not break even with very strong bends. Even earthquakes are not scary for him. An extensive network of cracks after such tests will not affect its strength. Once the load is removed, the concrete will begin the recovery process.

How does this happen? The secret is very simple. Regular rainwater, when reacting with concrete and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, promotes the formation of calcium carbonate in concrete. This substance seals the cracks that have appeared and “heals” the concrete. After removing the load, the restored section of the slab will have the same strength as before. This type of concrete is going to be used in the construction of critical structures, such as bridges.

7. Carbon Dioxide Concrete, Canada

The Canadian company CarbonCure Technologies has developed an innovative technology for producing concrete by sequestering carbon dioxide. This technology will reduce harmful emissions and could revolutionize the construction industry.

The production of concrete blocks uses carbon dioxide emitted by large industries such as oil refineries and fertilizer plants.

The new technology allows us to achieve a triple effect: concrete will be cheaper, stronger and more environmentally friendly. One hundred thousand of these concrete blocks will be able to absorb as much carbon dioxide as one hundred mature trees will absorb in a year.

Thatched houses are being built all over the world using modern technologies. Reliable, warm, cozy, they have stood the test of our climate perfectly. However, until now, the modern technology of construction from pressed straw (in the West it is called strawbale-house) is known to few in our country. It is based on the best properties of this unique natural material. When pressed, it becomes an excellent building material. Pressed straw is considered the best insulation material. The straw stems of plants are tubular and hollow. They and between them contain air, which, as is known, has low thermal conductivity. Due to its porosity, straw has good sound insulation properties.

It seems that the phrase “fire-resistant straw house” sounds paradoxical. But a plastered straw wall is not afraid of fire. Blocks covered with plaster can withstand 2 hours of exposure to an open flame. A straw block that is open on only one side will not support combustion. The bale compaction density is 200–300 kg/cubic. m also prevents combustion.

Straw houses are built in America, Europe, and China. In the USA there is even a project to build a 40-story thatched skyscraper. The tallest straw houses today are five-story buildings that are combined with reinforced concrete and metal frames.

Indeed, everything new is truly a well-forgotten old. Earthen houses are gaining popularity again. This material is still used today for the construction of supporting structures and walls.

The earthener is based on ordinary earthen soil. The earth bit has been tested by time; it was used to build in ancient Rome. The earthen soil mass has high moisture resistance and practically does not shrink. And the thermal characteristics of the earth breaker can be enhanced by adding, for example, straw slices. After a few years, the excavator becomes almost as strong as concrete.

The most famous building built from broken earth can be considered the Priory Palace located in Gatchina.

10. Chameleon brick, Russia

Since 2003, the Kopeysk brick factory has been producing bricks nicknamed “velor” for their ability to literally absorb light with their surface, as a result of which it becomes rich, reminiscent of velvet.

The effect is achieved using vertical grooves applied to the surface of the brick with metal brushes. At the same time, it becomes possible to deepen the main color when the angle of incidence of light changes, which likens a brick to a chameleon - at different times of the day it is able to change color depending on the lighting.

The texture of velor brick works great in tandem with smooth brick in ornamental or figured masonry.

eleven. "Flying houses, Japan

Japan never ceases to amaze with its developments. The idea is simple - in order for a house not to collapse as a result of an earthquake, it simply... should not be on the ground. So they came up with flying houses, and all this is quite real.

Undoubtedly, the word “flying” is a beautiful allegory, reminiscent of childhood dreams of flying in a hot air balloon house. But Japanese design company Air Danshin Systems Inc has developed a system that allows buildings to rise above the ground and “float” above it during an earthquake.

The house is located on a cushion of air and after the sensors are triggered, it will simply hover above the ground, and during such a change the residents of the building will not feel anything. The foundation is not attached to the structure itself. After floating, the house sits on a frame located on top of the foundation. During an earthquake, seismic sensors are activated, which are located around the perimeter of the building. After which they will immediately start the injection compressor located at the base of the house. It will ensure “levitation” of the building at a height of 3-4 cm from the ground. Thus, the house will not be in contact with the ground and will avoid the consequences of tremors. The new product has already been installed in almost 90 homes in Japan.

“Flying houses” have been developed by many Japanese companies; in the near future, the know-how will appear in other regions of Asia, which often suffer from earthquakes.

12. Container house, France

Disused containers have long been used for the construction of budget housing in different cities and countries. Here is one example.

During the construction of the house, eight old shipping containers were used, which created the unusual architectural shape of the building. In addition to containers, wood, polycarbonate and glass were also used. The total area of the house is 208 square meters.

The cost of building such economical “container type” houses is usually half that of building a similar house from conventional building materials. In addition, it is built twice as fast.

13. Exhibition complex made of sea containers, Seoul, South Korea

If residential buildings made from containers have not surprised anyone for a long time, then a completely unusual building has appeared in the center of the business and shopping district of Seoul. It was built from 28 old shipping containers.

The area is 415 sq. m. The complex will host exhibitions, night film screenings, concerts, master classes, lectures and other public events.

14. Student dormitories made from containers, Holland

Each individual container room has all the amenities. In addition, the roof is equipped with an effective drainage system that collects rainwater, which is subsequently used for domestic needs.

In Finland and other northern countries, hotels are being built out of ice. At the same time, a room in an ice hotel costs more than a room in a hotel made from other, more traditional building materials. The first ice hotel opened in Sweden more than 60 years ago.

16. Mobile eco-house, Portugal

A variety of technologies are used in the construction of such mobile structures. The peculiarity of this house is its complete energy independence. Solar panels are attached to the surface of the object to produce energy, which fully supplies the unique house with the required amount. By the way, the house is not only environmentally friendly, but also completely mobile.

The eco-house is divided into two sections - in one there is a sleeping space, and in the other there is a toilet. The outside of the house is covered with environmentally friendly cork.

17. Energy-efficient capsule room, Switzerland

The project was developed by architects from the company NAU (Switzerland), who sought to make the most comfortable and compact housing. The capsule room, called Living Roof, can be placed on almost any surface.

The capsule room is equipped with solar panels, wind turbines and a system for collecting, storing and recycling rainwater.

18. Vertical forest in the city, Milan, Italy

The innovative project of Bosco Verticale is the construction in Milan of two multi-storey buildings with living plants on the facade. The height of the two high-rise buildings is 80 and 112 meters. In total, 480 large and medium-sized trees, 250 small trees, 5,000 various shrubs and 11,000 grass-forming plants were planted on them. Does this number of plants correspond to an area of 10,000 m? ordinary forest.

Thanks to almost two years of research work by botany specialists, tree species were successfully selected that are most adapted to such difficult living conditions at altitude. Various plants were specially grown and acclimatized for this construction. Each apartment in the house has its own balcony with trees and bushes.

19. Cactus house, Holland

A luxury 19-storey residential building is under construction in Rotterdam. It received such an original name because of its resemblance to this prickly plant. It contains 98 apartments with increased comfort. Construction is carried out according to the design of the architectural company UCX Architects.

The peculiarity of this house is the use of open terraces-balconies for hanging gardens, located one above the other in a stepped order, screwing upward in a spiral. This arrangement of the terraces allows the sun to illuminate the plants from all sides. The depth of each terrace is at least two meters. Not only that, but these balconies will also have small swimming pools built into them.

We are accustomed to the fact that we are usually talking about energy-efficient houses. And in preparation for Expo 2020, an entire energy-efficient city will be built in the United Arab Emirates. It will be a “smart city”, fully self-sufficient in energy and other resources. The project is planned to be implemented near the Al Awir settlement in Dubai.

It will become the first of its kind to be an absolutely self-sufficient city in terms of providing residents with all the necessary resources, transport and energy. To achieve this, the energy-efficient city will be equipped to the maximum with solar panels, which will be placed on the roofs of almost all residential and commercial buildings. In addition, the city will independently process 40,000 cubic meters of wastewater. The area of this super complex will be 14,000 hectares, and the residential area itself will be built in the shape of a desert flower. Surrounded by a belt of green spaces, the smart city will be able to accommodate 160,000 residents.

"Construction Rules", No. 43 /1, May 2014

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