Enveloping and healing for the intestines. The most effective and popular coating drugs for the stomach
Today, enveloping agents that create a barrier for the stomach and its mucous membrane from an aggressive environment are available in any pharmacy and are available without a prescription. To use drugs correctly, you need to know in what cases a particular drug is required and what are the indications for its use.
Very often, due to poor nutrition and abuse of alcohol and carbonated drinks, we create an increased level of acidity in the stomach, heartburn and pain in the upper abdomen occur, creating a favorable environment not only for gastritis, but also for peptic ulcers. In such cases, the body can no longer cope on its own; additional external help is required in the form of enveloping agents for the stomach, which will create a kind of protective layer on the mucous membrane and relieve the pain symptom.
Enveloping preparations contain chemicals that can interact with water and create colloidal solutions. They are distributed evenly over the entire surface of the stomach, thereby creating a protective film from further exposure to toxic substances and reducing the sensitivity threshold of nerve fibers.
- Thus, drugs in this group have the following properties:
- Enveloping effect.
- Stops an attack of nausea and vomiting.
- Analgesic effect.
- Antidiarrheal action.
Antimicrobial and/or anti-inflammatory effect.
Medicines can also be used topically for various damage to the skin: injuries, frostbite, burns.
At the moment, there are medicines, both herbal products and their synthesized analogues. Components of natural origin include starch and its derivatives, such as:
- Flax is a mucus protector, a breakdown of the stomach lining, and is used in the form of jelly, since the seeds release mucus in warm water. Also has antimicrobial and laxative properties.
- Liquorice root.
- Potato or corn starch - a frequently used product in the kitchen, upon contact with hot water turns into a colloidal mixture, which has an excellent enveloping effect. It is used not only internally, but also as enemas.
- Oats.
- Oatmeal or oatmeal is the healthiest breakfast product, cooked in water, it has a beneficial effect on the mucous membranes.
- Comfrey.
- White clay is available in powder form, dissolves in water and is used both internally and topically on the skin.
- Marshmallow root has a proven enveloping effect; brew it in boiling water and drink several servings a day before meals.
- Two-leaved lyubka.
- Spotted orchis contains both mucus and starch and is used as a decoction.
If it's nighttime and you don't have any medications on hand, you can use commonly used products like milk or baking soda as an antacid.
The most popular medications that provide a coating effect for the stomach are:
- White magnesia;
- Almagel;
- Phosphalugel;
- Sucralfate;
- Vikair;
- Aluminum hydroxide.
Important! Stomach and intestinal coating agents are often used in combination with antihistamines and antacids, as well as proton pump inhibitors. Their combined use provides a comprehensive approach to control the intensity and course of the disease. At the same time, modern drugs have almost no side effects, which explains their widespread use in medical practice.
Indications for the use of enveloping agents are the following diseases:
- For gastritis, both acute and chronic forms.
- Stomach and/or duodenal ulcers.
- Pancreatitis.
- Heartburn.
- Bloating.
- Poisoning.
- Enterite.
- Colitis.
- Burns of mucous membranes due to exposure to chemicals or toxic substances.
Almagel. Very often prescribed by doctors for gastritis or peptic ulcers, it is available in several forms, and another antacid, Maalox, has similar properties. The dosage of the drug is prescribed by the attending physician. Since these products contain aluminum, it is necessary to stop using them during pregnancy and breastfeeding; aluminum has a teratogenic effect on the fetus and placenta. Almagel ensures an increase in the pH of the contents in the stomach cavity and creates a protective film. The advantage of the drug is the absence of side effects of flatulence in patients. It is used for acute and chronic inflammation of the stomach, both for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Also indicated for reflux esophagitis, enteritis and colitis. During therapy with glucocorticosteroids, Almagel is often prescribed.
Bismuth preparations include De-Nol, Vikair, Bismofalk in this group. Bismuth forms a chelate bond with protein molecules, thereby providing mucosal protection. They also have antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylory. All bismuth-based medications are taken in a course for 1-2 months, before eating. Used for stomach and duodenal ulcers, duodenitis and gastritis.
Aluminum hydroxide is produced in the form of a powder compound and is prescribed in the form of a suspension 5-6 times a day for duodenal ulcers, poisoning and gastritis.
Sucralfate is an antacid with an enveloping effect, inhibits the production of the gastric enzyme, which is produced under the influence of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and also “binds” hydrochloric acid itself. Used for ulcers and gastritis, 3 times a day, 1-2 tablets, you should drink the drug generously and do not chew it.
Phosphalugel is produced in the form of a white gel, it has a neutralizing effect for hydrochloric acid, an enveloping and adsorbing effect. Well used for food poisoning and toxic infections. Recommended for use for stomach ulcers, gastritis, alcohol intoxication, and dyspeptic syndrome. Side effects include flatulence and constipation.
Conclusion
Thus, enveloping drugs are very widely used today and are a first aid remedy for epigastric pain, heartburn, attacks of nausea and food poisoning.
STARCH (Amytum)
It is obtained from wheat grains - wheat starch (Amylum Tritici), corn (Amylum Maydis), rice (Amylum Oryzae), from potato tubers (Amylum Solani).
Insoluble in cold water, forms a colloidal solution in hot water (Mucilago Amyli).
Indications for use. Prescribed as an enveloping agent to protect sensitive nerve endings from the effects of irritants and to slow down the absorption of drugs.
Method of administration and dose. Externally (in the form of powders and powders with zinc oxide, talc, etc.), internally and in enemas (in the form of starch paste or mucus).
Release form. Powder.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
LIQUIRITON (Liquiritonum)
Contains a sum of flavonoids from licorice root.
Pharmachologic effect. It has antispasmodic (relieving spasms), anti-inflammatory and moderate antacid (the ability to reduce stomach acidity) properties.
Indications for use. For exacerbation and for the prevention of gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis with preserved secretory function of the stomach, erosive gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa with the formation of its defects).
Method of administration and dose. Orally 0.1-0.2 g 3-4 times a day 20-30 minutes before meals for 4-5 weeks; after a 10-12 day break, the course of treatment is repeated.
Release form. Tablets of 0.1 in a package of 25 pieces.
Storage conditions. In a dry, dark place.
FLAX SEEDS (Semena Lini)
Ripe and dried flax seeds (Linum usitatissinum L.), fam. flax (Linaceae). Contains fatty linseed oil (Oleum Lini) and mucus.
Indications for use. Used as an enveloping and softening agent.
Method of administration and dose. Externally for poultices and internally in the form of flaxseed mucus, which is prepared from 1 part whole flaxseed and 30 parts hot water extempore (before use).
Release form. In cardboard packs of 200 g.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
MAGNESIUM CARBONATE BASIC (Magnesii subcarbonas)
Synonyms: Magnesia is white.
Indications for use. As an enveloping, antacid (reducing stomach acidity) and mild laxative.
Method of administration and dose. Orally, adults are prescribed 1-3 g, children under 1 year - 0.5 g, from 2 to 5 years - 1-1.5 g, from 6 to 12 years - 1-2 g per dose 2-3 once a day. Apply externally as a powder.
Release form. Powder and tablets containing basic magnesium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, 0.5 g each.
Storage conditions. In a well-closed container.
TABLETS "VICAIR" (Tabulettae "Vicairum")
Synonyms: Rother.
Indications for use.
Method of administration and dose. Prescribed orally after meals (after 1-11/2 hours), 1-2 tablets 3 times a day. Take with a small amount (1/4 cup) of water.
Side effect. The stool turns dark when taking Vikair tablets.
Release form. Tablets containing: basic bismuth nitrate - 0.35 g, basic magnesium carbonate - 0.4 g, sodium bicarbonate - 0.2 g, calamus rhizome powder and buckthorn bark (finely ground) - 0.025 g each, in a package of 100 pieces .
Storage conditions.
TABLETS "VICALIN" (Tabulettae "Vicalinum")
Pharmachologic effect. The tablets have a complex effect. Basic bismuth nitrate, sodium bicarbonate and magnesium carbonate provide an antacid (reducing stomach acidity) and astringent effect, buckthorn bark (albeit in a small dose) promotes a laxative effect. The presence of rutin allows one to count on some anti-inflammatory effect, and kellina - on an antispasmodic (relieving spasms) effect.
Indications for use. Used for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum and hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity).
Method of administration and dose. Prescribe 1-2 tablets orally 3 times a day after meals with 1/2 glass of warm water (it is advisable to crush the tablets). The course of treatment usually lasts 1-2-3 months; after a month's break the course is repeated. During treatment you must follow a diet.
Side effect. The tablets usually do not cause side effects; sometimes there is an increase in bowel movements, which stops when the dose is reduced. The stool turns dark green or black when taking the pills.
Release form. Tablets containing: basic magnesium carbonate - 0.4 g, basic bismuth nitrate - 0.35 g, sodium bicarbonate - 0.2 g, calamus rhizome powder and buckthorn bark - 0.025 g each, rutin, etc. Kellin - 0.005 g each.
Storage conditions. In a dry place, protected from light.
MAGNESIUM OXIDE (Magnesii oxydum)
Synonyms: Burnt magnesia.
Pharmachologic effect. Magnesium oxide is one of the main representatives of antacids used to reduce high acidity of gastric juice.
When magnesium oxide is introduced into the stomach, it is not absorbed and neutralizes the hydrochloric acid of the gastric contents to form magnesium chloride. Carbon dioxide is not released, therefore the antacid (reducing stomach acidity) effect of magnesium oxide is not accompanied by secondary hypersecretion. There are no phenomena of alkalosis (Shelling) observed. Passing into the intestines, magnesium chloride has a laxative effect.
Indications for use. For hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity), peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.
Method of administration and dose. Prescribed orally (0.25-0.5-1 g) for increased acidity of gastric juice, acid poisoning and as a mild laxative (3-5 g per dose).
Antacids are usually taken one hour before meals. However, it should be noted that when taken on an empty stomach
The antacid effect is short-lived (about 30 minutes), it increases significantly (up to 3-4 hours) when taking antacids after meals. For a long-term antacid effect, it is advisable to take them 1 hour and 3 hours after meals.
Before use, the tablets must be crushed thoroughly.
Release form. Powder and tablets of 0.5 g.
Storage conditions. In a well-closed container.
MISOPROSTOL (Misoprostol)
Synonyms: Cytotec, Cytotec.
Pharmachologic effect. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E. It has antisecretory activity. When taken orally (in tablet form), it reduces the secretion (excretion) of hydrochloric acid, stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate and mucus, and has a cytoprotective (cell-protecting) effect. The action usually develops 30 minutes after administration and lasts about 3 hours.
Indications for use. They are used mainly to prevent the ulcerogenic (ulcer-causing) effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including acetylsalicylic acid. Taken simultaneously with anti-inflammatory drugs for the entire duration of their administration.
Method of administration and dose. Prescribed to adults: 0.2 mg (200 mcg) 3-4 times a day with meals. The last dose is taken shortly before bedtime. In case of poor tolerance, reduce the single dose to 0.1 mg (100 mcg). The drug is not prescribed to children under 18 years of age.
Side effect. When using the drug, nausea, diarrhea (diarrhea), stomach pain, rarely - skin rash, swelling, drowsiness, hypo- or hypertension (low or high blood pressure) and other side effects are possible.
Contraindications. Pregnancy (causes contraction of the uterine muscles). For kidney disease, it is necessary to reduce the dose.
Release form. Tablets of 0.2 mg (200 mcg) in a package of 100 pieces.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
SUCRAFAT
Synonyms: Alsukral, Andapsin, Sacras, Ulkon, Sucrafil, Keal, Sukrat, Algofel, Venter, Gelfos.
Pharmachologic effect. The drug has an antacid (reduces stomach acidity), adsorbent (absorbing) and enveloping effects.
Neutralizes gastric acid, inhibits the secretion of pepsin (an enzyme that breaks down peptides and proteins). When entering the stomach, it forms a polymeric protective film on the surface of the mucous membrane and has an itoprotective (cell-protecting) effect.
Indications for use. Prescribed to adults for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity).
Method of administration and dose. Take 2-1 hour before meals in a daily dose of 2-4 g (4-8 tablets): 0.5-1 g (1-2 tablets) before breakfast, lunch and dinner and 0.5-1 g (1-2 tablets) before bedtime. The tablets are swallowed whole, without chewing, with a small amount of water. The course of treatment is repeated for 4-6 weeks or more.
Side effect. Constipation is possible when taking the drug. Sucralfate should not be prescribed together with tetracyclines (the absorption of tetracyclines is impaired).
Contraindications. Severe kidney damage and pregnancy.
Release form. Tablets of 0.5 g in a package of 100 pieces.
Storage conditions. In a dry place, protected from light.
PHOSFALUGEL (Fosfalugel)
Synonyms: Phosphalugel, Aluminum phosphate, Alfogel, Gasterin.
Colloidal gel containing aluminum phosphate (about 23%). The composition of the drug includes pectin and agaragar gel.
Pharmachologic effect. The drug has an enveloping effect and antacid (reduces stomach acidity) activity, helping to protect the gastric mucosa.
Indications for use. Used for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), dyspepsia (indigestion), food intoxication (poisoning).
Method of administration and dose. Take orally undiluted, with a small amount of water or diluted in ]/2 glasses of water (possibly with added sugar).
Dose: 1-2 packets 2-3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
Release form. Packaged in plastic bags of 16 g.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
ANDREWS LIVER SALT
Pharmachologic effect. A combined drug that has an antacid (reduces stomach acidity) effect. Sodium bicarbonate, which is part of it, reduces the acidity of gastric juice. In combination with citric acid, sodium bicarbonate forms a buffer solution, the pH (an indicator of the acid-base state) of which is higher than the pH of the stomach contents, as a result of which the drug increases the pH (reduces the acidity) of the stomach contents, having an antacid effect. Magnesium sulfate has a laxative effect.
Indications for use. Acute gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), chronic gastritis with normal secretory function of the stomach (secretion of gastric juice) in the acute phase, acute duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum); peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase; pain, feeling of discomfort in the epigastrium (the area of the abdomen located directly below the convergence of the costal arches and the sternum); heartburn after excessive consumption of alcohol, nicotine, coffee, sweets, errors in diet, taking medications; constipation.
Method of administration and dose. For adults with epigastric pain and heartburn, take 1 teaspoon of powder per 1 glass of water. If necessary, the drug can be used 4 times a day.
For constipation, take 2 teaspoons per 1 glass of water in the morning on an empty stomach or before bed.
For children under 12 years of age, the drug is prescribed at a dose equal to half the dose for adults.
Side effect. Rarely - pain in the epigastric region.
Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug; diabetes.
Release form. Powder for the preparation of a solution for oral administration in bottles of 227 g and 113 g, in bags of 5 g. Composition: magnesium sulfate - 17.4%, sodium bicarbonate - 22.6%, citric acid - 19.5%, sucrose - 40.5%.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
ALIGASTRIN
Synonyms: Alugastrin.
Pharmachologic effect. It has an astringent, antacid (reduces stomach acidity), enveloping effect. When taken orally, it forms a uniform protective film on the surface of the gastric mucosa.
Indications for use. Used for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum and hyperacid gastritis (inflammation of the stomach due to a persistent increase in acidity).
Method of administration and dose. Take orally 2-1 hours before meals and before bedtime, 1-2 teaspoons of suspension (a suspension of solid particles in water) or the contents of 1-2 sachets (5 or 10 ml) with a small amount of warm boiled water or without water.
Side effect. The drug is usually well tolerated; Nausea and vomiting are possible.
Release form. In bottles of 250 ml and 5 or 10 ml in plastic bags.
Storage conditions. In tightly closed bottles (or bags) in a place protected from light.
BISMUTH NITRATE BASIC (Bismuth! subnitras)
Pharmachologic effect. Antacid (reduces stomach acidity), astringent, protects the lining of the stomach.
Indications for use. As an astringent, weak antiseptic (disinfectant), fixative for gastrointestinal diseases. It also has a local astringent and anti-inflammatory effect.
Method of administration and dose. Orally 0.25-1 g (children 0.1-0.3-0.5 g) per dose 4-6 times a day before meals 15-30 minutes. Topically 1-2 times a day for dermatitis (skin inflammation), erosions (surface defects) and small skin ulcers.
Side effect. With long-term use in large doses, methemoglobinemia (increased levels of methemoglobin in the blood).
Release form. Powder; 10% ointment.
Storage conditions. In a sealed container, protected from light.
Bismofalk
Pharmachologic effect. A combined preparation containing bismuth nitrate main and bismuth subgallate. An antiulcer agent with bactericidal (bacteria-destroying) activity against Helikobacter Pylori, a microorganism that is considered as one of the causes of the occurrence and recurrence (re-occurrence) of chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) and peptic ulcer disease.
In the acidic environment of the stomach and duodenum, bismuth subgallate and bismuth subnitrate form complexes with glycoproteins (proteins) released from the damaged mucosa. This resulting complex, containing bismuth, forms a protective layer on the surface of erosions (defects of the mucous membrane) and ulcers, which protects them from the effects of hydrochloric acid and pepsin (an enzyme that decomposes peptides and proteins). The drug enhances the processes of regeneration (restoration) of the mucous membrane, increases the production of mucus and improves its protective properties.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum; chronic gastritis in the acute stage; a feeling of fullness in the epigastric region (the area of the abdomen located directly below the convergence of the costal arches and the sternum).
Method of administration and dose. The drug is prescribed orally, 2 tablets 3 times a day, 1-2 hours before meals. The tablets are taken without chewing, with a small amount of liquid. The duration of treatment is determined by the clinical course of the disease and should be at least 4 weeks even with rapid improvement or disappearance of complaints. At the same time, as with all bismuth preparations, the duration of treatment should not exceed 8 weeks. If it is necessary to repeat the course, you should take a break of 8 weeks.
Since the drug acts most actively in the acidic contents of the stomach, antacids (drugs that reduce stomach acidity), as well as milk, should not be taken simultaneously with bismofalk. If necessary, these drugs are taken no earlier than 30 minutes before taking bismofalk or 30 minutes after taking it, so as not to weaken the effect of bismofalk.
Side effect. Possible dark coloration of stool due to the formation of bismuth sulfide. With long-term use in high doses, the development of encephalopathy (brain diseases associated with the accumulation of bismuth in the central nervous system, characterized by its degenerative changes) is possible.
Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug; severe renal failure; pregnancy; lactation. The drug is not prescribed to children under 14 years of age.
Release form. Tablets containing basic bismuth nitrate 0.1 g and bismuth subgallate 0.05 g, in a package of 100 pieces.
Storage conditions.
Basic bismuth nitrate is also included in the composition of the "neoanuzole" suppositories, "Vicair" tablets, and "Vicalin" tablets.
Bismuth subsalicylate
Synonyms: Desmol.
Pharmachologic effect. Antiulcer and antidiarrheal (antidiarrheal) agent, which also has an enveloping and antimicrobial effect. Forms an insoluble protective coating at the site of the ulcer. Increases the resistance of the mucous membrane to the action of pepsin (an enzyme that decomposes peptides and proteins), hydrochloric acid and enzymes. Increases the production of mucus in the stomach and improves its protective properties. The drug has a nonspecific antidiarrheal effect; Usually diarrhea (diarrhea) is stopped (removed) within 24 hours.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute stage; chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) with normal or increased secretory function (formation of gastric juice) in the acute stage; diarrhea of various origins.
Method of administration and dose. For the treatment of peptic ulcers, 2 tablespoons of the drug (or 2 tablets) are prescribed every 4 hours, but not more than 6 times a day.
For the treatment of diarrhea, adults are prescribed 2 tablespoons (or 2 tablets) of the drug every 0.5-1 hour (but not more than 8 times a day).
For the treatment of diarrhea, children are prescribed the drug every 0.5-1 hour (but not more than 8 times a day) in the following single doses: at the age of 3-6 years - 1 teaspoon (or Uz tablets), 6-9 years - 2 teaspoons (or 2/3 tablets), 9-12 years - 1 tablespoon (or 1 tablet). For children under 3 years of age, the drug is prescribed in doses based on the child’s body weight as prescribed by a doctor.
If diarrhea lasts more than 48 hours or is accompanied by fever (sharp rise in body temperature), consultation with a doctor is necessary.
Shake the gel before use.
Side effect. Darkening of the tongue and dark coloration of stool are possible.
Contraindications. Information about allergies to acetylsalicylic acid and other salicylates in the anamnesis (medical history).
The drug should be prescribed with caution to sick and breastfeeding women.
Use caution when prescribing the drug to patients taking anticoagulants, antidiabetic agents, or antigout agents.
Release form. Tablets containing 0.262 g of bismuth subsalicylate, in a package of 30 pieces. Gel in bottles of 237 ml (1 ml - 0.0175 g of bismuth subsalicylate).
Storage conditions. In a carefully sealed package, protected from light.
BISMUTH SUBCITRATE (Bismuth! subnitras)
Synonyms: Bisnol, Ventrisol, Tribimol, De-Nol, Biscolvdtrat, De-Noltal, Duozol, Ulzeron, Bizmat, etc.
Pharmachologic effect. An antiulcer agent with bactericidal (bacteria-destroying) activity against Helicobacter pylori - microorganisms, which, in some cases, apparently contribute to the occurrence of chronic gastritis (inflammation of the gastric mucosa) and recurrent (recurrent) peptic ulcer.
In the acidic environment of the stomach and duodenum, it forms a protective film on the surface of ulcers and erosions (defects of the mucous membrane), which promotes their scarring, increases the resistance of the mucous membrane to the effects of pepsin (an enzyme that decomposes peptides and proteins), hydrochloric acid and enzymes. Increases the activity of cytoprotective (cell-protecting) mechanisms, increasing the synthesis of prostaglandin ei and the secretion (release) of bicarbonates.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. Exacerbation of gastroduodenitis (inflammation of the stomach and duodenum) in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining) caused by Helicobacter pylori.
Method of administration and dose. The drug is prescribed 1 tablet 3 times a day 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch and dinner and the 4th time before bedtime. Take the tablet with 1-2 sips of water (but not milk). Treatment is carried out for 4-6 weeks. If necessary, it can be extended to 8 weeks. After this, you should take a break for 8 weeks, during which you should not take other drugs containing bismuth.
If the Helicobacter pylori bacterium is detected in a patient, it is rational to combine treatment with the drug with oral administration of metronidazole 0.25 g 4 times a day for 10 days and/or amoxicillin 0.25 g 4 times a day for 10 days. In order to consolidate remission (temporary weakening or disappearance of disease manifestations) of diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori, as well as persistent sanitation (elimination and prevention of diseases) of the mucous membrane, it is advisable to carry out 3-4 two-week courses of antibacterial therapy (bismuth) during the first year
subcitrate + amoxicillin, or bismuth subcitrate + metronidazole, or bismuth subcitrate + furazolidone).
30 minutes before and after taking the drug, you should refrain from taking food, liquids and antacids (lowering stomach acidity).
The drug reduces the absorption of tetracycline.
When used together with other drugs containing bismuth, the risk of increasing the concentration of bismuth in the blood plasma increases.
Side effect. Nausea, vomiting, and more frequent bowel movements may occur. While taking the drug, stool may become dark in color, as well as a slight darkening of the tongue. With long-term use of the drug in high doses, the development of encephalopathy (brain diseases associated with the accumulation of bismuth in the central nervous system, characterized by its degenerative changes) is possible.
Contraindications. Severe renal dysfunction, pregnancy, breastfeeding. The drug is not prescribed to children.
Release form. Tablets of 0.12 g bismuth subcitrate.
Storage conditions. In tightly sealed packages, protected from light.
GASTROPHARM (Gastropharm)
Pharmachologic effect. A combined preparation containing dried bacterial bodies of Lactobacillus Bulgaricus and their metabolic products, protein (25-30%), sucrose. Stimulates regeneration (restoration) processes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, regulates the functions of the gastrointestinal tract.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase; chronic gastritis (inflammation of the stomach) in the acute phase.
Method of administration and dose. Prescribe 1-2 tablets orally 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals. If necessary, the dose is increased to 8-12 tablets per day. The course of treatment is 30 days.
Side effect. Not found.
Contraindications. Hypersensitivity to the drug.
Release form. Tablets in a package of 6 pieces.
Storage conditions. In a dry place.
DALARGIN (Dalarginum)
Pharmachologic effect. Of the pharmacological properties of dalargin, the most noteworthy are its antisecretory (suppressing the secretion of digestive juices) activity, the ability to accelerate the healing of stomach and duodenal ulcers, as well as its hypotensive (lowering blood pressure) effect.
Indications for use. The drug is recommended for use as a treatment for exacerbations of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Dalargin is also used in the complex treatment of obliterating diseases of the lower extremities (diseases associated with impaired blood flow through the arteries of the lower extremities) and alcoholism.
Method of administration and dose. For gastric and duodenal ulcers, dallargin is prescribed intravenously or intramuscularly. Single dose 0.001 g (1 mg). It is administered intramuscularly in 1 ml, and intravenously in 5-10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution. Intramuscular injections are given 2 times, and intravenous injections 1 time per day. If necessary, one-time
the dose is increased to 0.002 g (2 mg), daily (intramuscular) - to 5 mg. The course of treatment lasts 3-4 weeks. The total dose of the drug per course of treatment is 30-50 mg.
In case of severe pain symptoms, simultaneous administration of antacids (reducing stomach acidity) is possible.
A positive effect of dalargin (intravenous slow administration of 1 mg in 10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution) on the mental functions of patients with alcoholism was also noted.
Injection solutions are prepared immediately before use.
Side effect. Dalargin injections are generally well tolerated; Possible reduction in blood pressure.
Contraindications. The drug should not be used during pregnancy and severe hypotension (low blood pressure).
Release form. Lyophilized (dehydrated by freezing in a vacuum) powder or porous mass in ampoules of 0.001 g (1 mg) in a package of 5 pieces.
Storage conditions. List B. In a dark place at a temperature not exceeding +20 °C.
FLACARBIN (Flacarbinum)
Pharmachologic effect. A combined drug that has an antispasmodic (relieves spasms), capillary-strengthening (strengthens the walls of the smallest blood vessels), anti-inflammatory effect.
Indications for use. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.
Method of administration and dose. Inside, granules "/2 teaspoons 3 times a day before meals, washed down with "/2 glasses of warm water. Course - 3-4 weeks.
Side effects and contraindications. Not identified.
Release form. Granules in bottles of 100 g each. 100 g contain: lycurazide and quercetin - 2 g each, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and pectin - 10 g each, glucose - 76 g.
Storage conditions. In a dry place, protected from light.
Astringents
These are medicinal substances that, upon contact with affected areas of the skin and mucous membranes, denature the protein on their surface and form a protective film that protects sensitive receptors of nerve fibers from irritation. In this regard, inflammation and pain are reduced. In addition, local narrowing of blood vessels occurs, reducing their permeability.
Astringents are used externally in the form of lotions, rinses, douches, powders, ointments for inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes (ulcers, erosions, burns, tonsillitis, etc.), as well as internally for diseases of the digestive tract.
Divided into two groups:
1. organic (plant origin)
2. inorganic (synthetic)
TO organic include plant raw materials and decoctions from them containing tannins: oak bark, rhizomes of cinquefoil, serpentine, burnet, blueberries, bird cherry, St. John's wort, etc. They form insoluble albuminates with proteins.
Tannin– a tannin found in many plants. It is a yellow-brown powder, easily soluble in water and alcohol. Its 1-2% solutions are used for rinsing for inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, nasopharynx, 5-10% solutions for lubricating burn surfaces, ulcers, cracks, bedsores, 0.5% solutions for poisoning with salts of heavy metals and alkaloids.
Included in combination tablets " Tansal», « Tannalbin».
From inorganic The most commonly used astringents are bismuth drugs: Bismuth subnitrate, Xeroform, Dermatol. They are used in ointments, powders for inflammatory skin diseases, as well as for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum (bismuth subnitrate and subcitrate - tablets De-nol, Ventrisol), also have an antimicrobial effect.
Included in the combined tablets “Vicair”, “Vicalin”.
Alum(potassium-aluminum sulfate) - in the form of powders, solutions are used for rinsing, washing, lotions, douching for inflammation of the mucous membranes, skin, in the form of pencils - to stop bleeding from scratches and small cuts.
These are indifferent substances capable of forming colloidal solutions with water. When directly applied to tissues during inflammation, they form a protective film on the surface that protects tissues and nerve endings from irritation, and thus have an anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect.
Enveloping agents are used for inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes, especially for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. They slow down absorption from the intestines, so they are used for poisoning. They are also prescribed simultaneously with medications that have an irritating effect to protect the mucous membrane.
They do not have a resorptive effect.
The following are used as enveloping agents:
Organically e substances are polysaccharides of plant origin: mucous extracts from marshmallow root, flax seeds, starch.
Marshmallow root infusion used for gastritis, enteritis and other gastrointestinal diseases, it also has a softening expectorant effect. Marshmallow root extract, syrup, tablets are also available. Mukaltin.
Flax seed mucilage prescribed for gastritis, peptic ulcers, cystitis and other diseases. Infusions of coltsfoot leaves, plantain, and linden flowers, which contain mucus, are also used.
Inorganic substances – drugs containing aluminum and magnesium hydroxides.
« Almagel"- colloidal gel in 170 ml bottles ("Almagel A" - with the addition of anesthesin). It has an enveloping, adsorbent, antacid effect. Used for gastric and duodenal ulcers, hyperacid gastritis, heartburn. Medicines "Phosphalugel" have a similar effect , "Gastal", "Alumag" and others.
Pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract are currently found in many people. Illnesses cause a lot of unpleasant and very painful sensations. Enveloping agents that protect the mucous surface of the digestive tract will help alleviate the condition. The selection of these drugs in pharmacies is quite large. Let's take a closer look at the most effective means, their composition and mechanism of action.
What are coating drugs?
With heartburn, stomach or duodenal ulcers, or gastritis, a number of unpleasant symptoms appear, which can only be relieved with the help of special medications from the group of antacids. Adsorbent, astringent, enveloping agents contain substances that can normalize the level of acidity and create a protective barrier for the mucous surface of the gastrointestinal tract from the effects of enzymatic juice.
The therapeutic effect of such drugs is achieved thanks to components that, upon contact with water, form colloidal compounds and suspensions. When the resulting substances are distributed in the stomach cavity and other parts of the digestive tract, it is possible to significantly reduce the sensitivity of nerve endings.
Classification
Enveloping agents are divided into two types - absorbable and non-absorbable. The former are considered older and are now rarely used to treat gastrointestinal problems. They have a quick but short-term therapeutic effect. The active components of such drugs, after interaction with hydrochloric acid, are partially absorbed through the walls of the stomach and penetrate into the systemic bloodstream. Absorbable coating agents include medications such as burnt magnesia, and calcium, Rennie and Tums.
Non-absorbable coating agents
Non-absorbable antacids are modern means to combat high acidity, heartburn, and esophagitis. After use, such drugs do not cause an increase in the production of hydrochloric acid (unlike absorbed drugs). The most pronounced therapeutic effect is achieved by coating agents for the stomach, which contain aluminum cation. The optimal combination of substances in the composition is magnesium and aluminum hydroxides. Popular and effective drugs are the following:
- "Almagel".
- "Gastal."
- "Phosphalugel".
- "Maalox."
- Gaviscon.
- "Rutocide."
Most non-absorbable coating drugs contain several active ingredients. A significant advantage of medications is their prolonged analgesic effect and the ability to remove toxic substances from the body.
Adsorbent drugs
Adsorbent agents will help protect nerve endings located on the mucous membranes from the negative effects of irritating substances. They prevent or slow down the absorption of toxic substances, thereby reducing the risk of poisoning the body. Some drugs in this category have a high enveloping ability. Such products include “Smecta”, “Polysorb”, “Enterosgel”.
In addition to their main purpose, adsorbents have a positive effect on the condition of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, protecting it from hydrochloric and bile acid, and pathogenic microorganisms. Taking adsorbents is indicated for intestinal upset, food poisoning, intestinal colic, ulcers, flatulence, gastritis, duodenitis.
Preparations for the treatment of intestines
Long-term problems with stool can lead to the development of inflammatory processes in the intestines. The main symptom of the pathological condition is colic, which is often very painful. Astringents, thanks to their anti-inflammatory and healing effects, will help you get rid of discomfort and discomfort quite quickly.
The most effective astringents are bismuth-based preparations. The substance in the form of a white powder helps fight the symptoms of inflammation and heartburn. Bismuth dissolves only in hydrochloric acid.
For acute gastritis, duodenitis, reflux esophagitis, ulcers and enteritis, Almagel A in yellow packaging will be effective. The drug additionally contains benzocaine.
For the treatment of chronic pathologies of the digestive tract and ailments in the acute stage, accompanied by increased gas formation, it is recommended to use the drug “Almagel Neo”. The product has an enveloping, adsorbing and carminative effect. It is possible to eliminate the symptoms of flatulence due to the presence of simethicone in the composition.
"Phosphalugel": reviews, indications for use
The main active component of this enveloping drug in gel form is aluminum phosphate (20%). The medicine is available in sachets and has a pleasant orange taste. "Phosphalugel" should be taken with increased formation of hydrochloric acid. The active components of the drug envelop the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, protecting it from aggressive factors, and promotes the regeneration of damaged areas.
Enveloping agents with a similar composition can be used in the following cases:
- gastritis (chronic, acute);
- ulcerative damage to the digestive tract;
- non-ulcer dyspepsia syndrome;
- functional diarrhea;
- intoxication of the body with drugs, alcohol;
- hernia;
- intestinal or stomach disorders.
In emergency cases, you can also take Phosphalugel. Reviews from experts say that the drug has a rapid therapeutic effect, unlike other drugs. The drug in the form of a gel can be used to treat babies from 6 months.
Folk recipes
You can cope with the symptoms of heartburn, ulcers and other pathologies of the digestive tract using traditional methods. Flax seeds, starch, and oatmeal will help protect the mucous membrane. The most popular drink is made from potato starch. By the way, many pharmaceutical enveloping agents for the intestines and stomach contain this component in their composition. Making the drink is quite simple. It is enough to dilute a tablespoon of starch in 100 ml of warm water and drink the resulting mixture.
The mucus secreted by flax seeds has a pronounced enveloping effect. They can be used both for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the digestive system. To do this, pour boiling water (1 cup) over flax seeds (1 tsp) and wait 15-20 minutes. After a while, the mixture will swell and become like jelly. The resulting mass must be filtered and the solution taken warm an hour before meals.
Traditional medicine offers quite effective enveloping agents to combat intestinal and stomach diseases. According to patient reviews, unconventional methods of treating these ailments help relieve pain and normalize digestion.
Modern medicine offers a wide range of medications for the intestines. Tablets for the intestines have different specific effects: some are able to normalize the intestinal microflora, others have an antibacterial effect, and others are used for prevention. Of all the abundance of medications, only a doctor will help a person choose a drug that is individually suitable for him, taking into account the health characteristics and condition of the patient.
Modern pharmacology offers a wide range of drugs for the treatment of intestinal diseases.
Indications for taking medications
Modern pharmacy cannot boast of producing completely safe medications that have no contraindications. Therefore, any medicine must be prescribed strictly according to a doctor's prescription. For internal use, a certain dosage of the drug is prescribed, taking into account the condition and individual characteristics of a person’s health. Self-medication is strictly prohibited.
Medicines for the intestines are presented in the following range:
- antidiarrheals and laxatives;
- antibacterial and anti-inflammatory;
- restoring intestinal microflora;
- antacids and enzymes;
- antispasmodics and enterosorbents;
- prophylactic agents.
Groups of drugs for intestinal treatment
Antibiotics
In case of intestinal infection, you will need to take antibiotics such as Alpha Normix or Neomycin. Antibacterial drugs are used to treat intestinal infections with elevated body temperature and other symptoms of infection.
- It is worth remembering that an antibiotic treats an infection, not a virus. When choosing an antibiotic to get rid of an infection, you should take into account its indications for use and the doctor’s recommendations. Antibiotics aimed at getting rid of intestinal infections include:
- Effective Italian medicine "Alpha Normix" (active ingredient - rifaximin). Used to treat infections of the gastrointestinal tract caused by pathogenic microorganisms that are sensitive to the drug.
The inexpensive domestic drug "Neomycin" is an antibacterial and bactericidal medicine with a wide spectrum of action. Indicated for the treatment of infected duodenal ulcers and heartburn.
Drugs with anti-inflammatory effects can stop the inflammatory process in the early stages of the disease. Tablets called Mesacol are considered effective. It is an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent that is used for intestinal diseases. Prescribed for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. There are also analogues of the drug, identical in composition and action. These include: “Asakol”, “Pentasa”, “Samezil”.
Helping to normalize stool
Prokinetics, in addition to resolving bowel problems, also relieve bloating. The inflammatory process in the intestines is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms, such as stool disorders and painful bowel movements; nausea and vomiting; feeling of discomfort in the stomach. In this case, it is necessary to take medications (prokinetics) that improve intestinal motility. Prokinetic tablets include: “Brulium”, “Gastropom”. Brulium tablets are indicated for the treatment of adults and have an antiemetic effect, and also relieve bloating and pain.
Laxatives will help promote weight loss (cleansing and rinsing the intestines) and relieve long-term constipation. These include: laxative drops “Guttalax” and “Picolax”, laxative medicine in the form of tablets “Senadexin” (the active ingredient is the senna plant). Conversely, signs of diarrhea can be eliminated with antidiarrheal medications. Fixing medications - “Loperamide” and “Fthalazol”. These medications help when the colon is inflamed, as well as with diarrhea (they allow stool to be consolidated),
Prebiotics and probiotics
Taking any antibiotic is accompanied by the use of medications to restore the intestinal microflora.
These include: probiotics and prebiotics. Probiotics repopulate the body with beneficial bacteria. Such medications include: “Linex”, “Bifidumbacterin”, “Yoghurt”. Pharmacies offer a wide range of probiotics based on live bifidobacteria (bacterial starters): “Vivo” starter, “Good food”.
Prebiotics promote the growth and reproduction of these beneficial bacteria, thereby helping to restore damaged microflora. Prebiotics include: syrups “Lactuvit”, “Portulac” and others. The products are absolutely safe for the human body and have virtually no contraindications. The only thing is that people with problems with high blood sugar are not recommended to use these medications due to the sugar content in them. Antacid (enveloping)
The action of antacid medications is aimed at getting rid of the problem - increased stomach acidity. Due to their enveloping properties, they are intended for the treatment of acid-related diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Medicines for the intestines are divided into those absorbed into the blood and non-absorbed. Examples of antacids absorbed into the blood: ordinary baking soda, Rennie. Non-absorbable antacids: Maalox, Almagel, Gastal.
Enzymes and enterosorbents
Enzymes are prescribed to people who have impaired intestinal absorption and motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract. The action of enzymes can help reduce abdominal pain, eliminate flatulence and improve metabolic processes (processing and assimilation of food). Examples of enzyme preparations that treat the mucous membrane of the colon and improve the process of food digestion: Pancreatin, Mezim, Festal, Digestal and their analogs.
Substances that absorb harmful toxins and remove them from the body are called enterosorbents. Enterosorbents have a good neutralizing effect on poisons and chemicals, act quickly and effectively. The most common sorbent in human practice is activated carbon tablets. Coal is used for poisoning, for cleaning and washing the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. Enterosorbents such as Smecta powder and Enterosgel paste are quite common for cleaning the mucous membrane.
Antispasmodics are sometimes used for spasms and pain in the intestines. Antispasmodics
Antispasmodic drugs relieve pain and spasms of internal organs. These are medications that treat functional gastrointestinal disorders, diseases of the genital organs and urinary tract. These include tablets with fairly popular names: “No-shpa”, “Drospa Forte”, “Spazmolgon”. For young children, Plantex powder, Bobotik and Infacol drops are used to relieve intestinal colic, bloating and constipation.