Vaccination against polio droplets reaction in a child. Polio vaccination: how dangerous is it, what might the body’s reaction be like in children? Is it possible to attend kindergarten

Poliomyelitis is a dangerous infection that usually affects children under the age of five. The virus spreads extremely quickly and can be deadly; the only truly reliable method of prevention is vaccination in children. It is worth considering what the polio vaccine is, the child's reaction, and how often it occurs.

Why is polio dangerous?

Poliomyelitis is considered one of the most dangerous infections, since the disease provoked by it is incurable, the body must cope with the defeat itself. In most cases, the disease occurs in a latent form or causes symptoms similar to a common cold. However, in some cases, the virus penetrates the central nervous system, causing paralysis, usually of the muscles of the neck, back, and torso as a whole.

The paralysis caused by this disease can be extremely dangerous to life and health. It is impossible to stop it, you need to wait until the end of the period of illness, and there is a possibility that damage to the diaphragm will occur, which leads to respiratory arrest and death. Even if paralysis does not affect vital organs, it can lead to serious consequences in the future. According to statistics, up to a quarter of all children who have suffered a paralytic form remain disabled for life.

The main danger of this virus is that its spread is extremely difficult to stop; there are no additional effective preventive measures. The only method that truly helps stop the spread of the virus and prevent infection is a vaccine. At the same time, there are many prejudices and misconceptions that make parents afraid to send their child for vaccination.

Photos of polio in children

Vaccination - what is the child’s reaction?

It is worth knowing what the vaccine is, what the body’s reaction may be to the administration of the vaccine, whether there are contraindications for this vaccination, and what to do if side effects occur.

Important! Vaccination can be carried out only after examination by a doctor.

Usually two types of vaccines are used, in simple terms - “live” and “dead”. The second type is used in young children, the first in older children:

Inactivated vaccine. This variety is administered intramuscularly and contains a killed virus.
Oral vaccine. This variety contains a live virus with weakened activity. Used in older children.

Vaccination against polio with a dead vaccine is given to young children, since it is safer for the fragile immunity of children. A child undergoes several revaccinations throughout his life, the last one being done at 14 years of age. If you do not skip revaccinations and use the appropriate drug, the likelihood of developing complications after vaccination is extremely low.

Is it possible to refuse vaccination?

You can refuse any medical intervention, but you should not do this in the absence of compelling reasons. Vaccination against polio is extremely important for the health of each individual child and this age group as a whole.

It is tolerated quite easily in most cases, but it should not be carried out if there are the following contraindications. It is worth noting that they are different for different types of vaccines. Oral vaccination should not be carried out in the following cases:

neurological disorders that appeared after a previous vaccination;
state of immunodeficiency, presence of malignant neoplasms in the body;
exacerbation of severe chronic diseases of any nature.

Injection vaccination has fewer contraindications; it is often carried out in the presence of contraindications to oral vaccination and in young children under six months of age.

allergy to vaccine components, especially if it was observed during a previous polio vaccination;
exacerbations of chronic diseases, diseases accompanied by an increase in body temperature.

In other cases, vaccination is worthwhile. You should not refuse it, since the consequences of infection with polio can be much more severe than the possible side effects from the vaccine.

Is it possible to get a polio vaccine with snot? Experts advise postponing vaccination during a cold; according to the rules, it can be done two weeks after the end of the illness. You should not get vaccinated against a background of diseases that are accompanied by a decrease in immunity, even a slight one.

Important! Children with weakened immune systems should not come into contact with children vaccinated with an oral vaccine, as the virus may be active enough to infect an immunocompromised child.

Adverse reactions

The polio vaccine can cause side effects, but they are actually quite rare. This vaccination is considered one of the most easily tolerated by children. If the vaccination is done in the absence of contraindications, no complications should arise from it.

However, depending on the individual characteristics of the body, allergies may occur, which can manifest themselves in different ways. During injection vaccination, a thickening may occur at the injection site, which normally goes away on its own after some time.

A reaction at three months in an infant occurs quite rarely. However, if various disorders of the nervous system appear, the child becomes drowsy and refuses to eat, it is worth contacting a specialist.

There is also usually no reaction at fourteen years of age, but signs of neurological disorders need to be monitored. If they are difficult to tolerate and do not disappear immediately, you should consult a doctor.

After 10 days, the child should have no reaction at all. If you feel unwell or have symptoms of a virus, you need to show your child to a doctor as soon as possible. There is a possibility of developing polio, but it is worth considering that this usually occurs if the vaccination was carried out against the background of contraindications, with other violations.

Parent Questions

We have collected the most concerning questions from parents regarding polio vaccination for children.

Is it possible to bathe after vaccination?

After vaccination there are no restrictions, the child can be bathed, the injection site can be wetted. However, it is worth noting that you should not rub the injection site, especially if there is swelling.

Is it possible to go for a walk after vaccination?

After vaccination, you can immediately go for a walk if there are no side effects. If your child is not feeling well for various reasons, it is better to stay home and get some rest.

Is it possible to eat?

With an injectable vaccine, you can eat or drink immediately after vaccination. With drops in the mouth, it is advisable to eat or drink only a few hours after vaccination.

Is it possible to attend kindergarten?

Is it possible to get infected from a vaccinated child? When carrying out vaccination in any form, it is extremely difficult to become infected from a person, however, it is worth noting that such a risk is present in the presence of disorders of the immune system. If there are no children with this feature in the environment, the child can be immediately sent to kindergarten or school, or other places.

Every year in the Russian Federation a national vaccination calendar for children is approved. Vaccination against polio for children is mandatory, due to the severity of the infectious disease. The disease affects the central nervous system, often leading to critical consequences such as paralysis and death. The disease is fleeting; within a few hours after the onset of infection, paralysis of the limbs may begin.

The spread of the virus is likely through a kiss, through contaminated feces, when changing the diapers of a child who is a carrier of the infection, as well as through water and food. Insects can also spread the virus. Most often, the infection affects children, who do not have strong immunity to the disease.

Parents can use the calendar to track when they receive the polio vaccine. The first is done at 3 months. The second and third - at 4.5 and 6 months. If the date is postponed, subsequent procedures are carried out with a break of 45 days.

Parents can decide whether to vaccinate their baby or refuse. Medical experts warn that the only way of recommended, reliable protection for a child is a timely vaccination.

Revaccination, aimed at strengthening the formed immunity, begins when the child reaches the age of 1.5 years. The next procedure is carried out at 20 months. If the dates are shifted, the second one is appointed after 60 days. The last, third, is done to a schoolchild upon reaching 14 years of age.

Kinds

Currently, two types are used: inactivated (IPV) and oral (OPV). IPV is administered only intramuscularly, OPV is administered orally. The basis of IPV is killed, dead poliovirus. OPV contains a weakened live virus. There are monovalent and complex drugs.

There are domestic DPT complexes and imported ones, such as Pentaxim, Tetrakok, made in France, and the Belgian drug Infanrix Hexa. Domestic drugs are available in clinics. Adults can, at their own request, purchase an imported analogue that has passed Russian certification.

IPV is used to vaccinate children. Injections are given only intramuscularly. For revaccination, OPV is prescribed. Thanks to the fact that children are vaccinated en masse, there is no wild polio virus in the country.

Many states bordering our country are places of outbreaks of epidemics. Citizens of these countries, especially from Central Asia, may be carriers of the infection. This virus is especially dangerous because it remains viable for a long time. Even a recovered person remains a source of infection for a long time.

To reduce the risk of disease outbreaks among children, a certificate stating that the child has been vaccinated is required for admission to a preschool institution. Currently, this is not a mandatory requirement, but, as a rule, the heads of preschool educational institutions are categorically insistent in such claims.

Preparing for vaccination

Before refusing to vaccinate their child, parents need to familiarize themselves with the consequences and complications if the baby gets sick. A mild course of the disease when the virus enters the bloodstream resembles a cold. Low temperature, cough, slight runny nose.

In a severe form, the infection enters the stomach and there is a risk of a paralytic form of the disease. Paralysis of the limbs is diagnosed in 1% of sick children. The older the baby, the more difficult it is for him to tolerate the components of the drug. When parents are interested in what age they usually get vaccinated against polio, doctors recommend starting to vaccinate their baby at 3 months.

Vaccination against polio in a 7-year-old schoolchild causes a stronger reaction than in preschoolers. Elevated body temperature lasts longer, repeated vomiting, diarrhea, refusal to eat, and loss of strength are possible.

It is necessary to drink more clean drinking or mineral water, and you should not eat spicy fried foods. If the temperature remains above 38 degrees for several days, you should call a doctor.

Poliomyelitis and its symptoms in children after vaccination

To avoid symptoms in children after vaccination, you need to prepare.

Preparation begins with an examination by a pediatrician, who prescribes tests and recommends examinations by specialized doctors. Upon receipt of a waiver from any specialist, the vaccination is postponed until the health condition of the foolish person is normalized.
If the baby has an allergic reaction to foods or medications, parents are required to notify the doctor in advance so that he can prescribe a course of antiallergic medications. On the day of the procedure, the baby must be healthy and neither cough nor sneeze. If teething has begun, the dates will be rescheduled. In case of allergies, the Pintaxim vaccine is given.
On the day of the prescribed procedure, new types of complementary foods cannot be introduced into the baby’s diet. The baby should be provided with plenty of fluids.
In case of IPV, you cannot bathe the baby on the day of vaccination and the next day. Carry out hygienic procedures with wet wipes. Walking should be limited to 2-3 days.
With OPV there are no restrictions for children.

Effectiveness of vaccination

Even opponents acknowledge the sharp decline in the number of cases since 1988, when the worldwide campaign to prevent this infectious disease began. The number of cases has decreased by 95%. Despite the decrease in the number of patients, the risk of the outbreak and spread of the epidemic remains.

The danger of the virus lies in its long incubation period. Even one infected child or adult can cause an outbreak of a dangerous epidemic, as happened in Tajikistan. Unvaccinated children have no immunity to this disease, which is why such children are at particular risk.

The main course, which consists of 3 vaccinations, already allows the formation of stable immunity in 95% of children. The live vaccine in OPV builds immunity in the intestinal environment, which in turn makes it possible to stop and completely stop the spread of wild poliovirus.

If the child is not vaccinated

For adults who have refused to vaccinate their children, it is very important to answer the question of whether the child is contagious after being vaccinated against polio.

Children play together in the yard, in parks, and on playgrounds. It is almost impossible to protect a child in such conditions from contact with a vaccinated baby.

Experts believe that theoretically there are chances of infection from a vaccinated baby. But the chances are so slim that they practically don’t show up in practice.

Parents who are concerned about the health of their unvaccinated children need to follow several rules and perform certain actions if in the family.

It is difficult to follow the baby where he dropped a toy on the street and immediately put it in his mouth. With what hands, clean or dirty, did another fidget pick up a toy in kindergarten, before your child decided to play with the same car or ball.

Therefore, there is a rule that if revaccination is carried out in a kindergarten group, unvaccinated children are recommended to stay at home for 60 days. Whether to risk the health of their baby or not is up to the parents themselves.

Contraindications

Exacerbation of a chronic disease.
Acute infectious disease.
An illness that causes a fever.

In such cases, all vaccination procedures are postponed until the health condition of the foolish person normalizes. After the patient recovers, the doctor suggests waiting 2 to 4 weeks.

Allergy to the components of the drug.

A neurological disorder that was caused by a previous polio vaccine.
Congenital immunodeficiency.
Oncological diseases. Vaccination can be done after 6 months, after completing the course of medical therapy.
Acute infectious, as well as exacerbation of chronic diseases. The vaccine is allowed to be administered immediately after the temperature has returned to normal and recovery has occurred.

Any contraindication requires a medical opinion on the state of health of the fool.

Possible complications

Parents are very sensitive about the topic - polio vaccination and adverse reactions in the child. It’s hard for an adult to look at a child crying and having a hard time enduring an injection. You need to understand that all negative symptoms disappear after a few days. During this time, the baby develops immunity to a deadly disease. The complications are as follows.

The temperature rises 5 to 14 days after vaccination for OPV.
Increased frequency of bowel movements, diarrhea, single vomiting.
For IPV, slight swelling and redness at the injection site is possible. A slight increase in temperature, a capricious restless state of the baby. These symptoms disappear in 1 - 2 days.
The appearance of a red rash as an allergic reaction.
A particularly serious complication is vaccine-associated polio (VAPP). From the 4th to the 13th day, the foolish child's temperature begins to rise, manifestations of paralysis, severe headache, and weakness are observed. The back hurts, the baby is spinning, trying to find a comfortable position, crying. It is urgent to call an ambulance and hospitalize the idiot in the hospital.

The polio vaccine builds immunity to the disease. All painful sensations are temporary. Side effects after the procedure most often go away on their own after some time.

The duration of any sign of illness: persistent fever, frequent vomiting, is a reason to consult a doctor. All complications that appear after polio vaccination in children are treated under the supervision of specialists and do not lead to serious consequences.

After your little one has been given an injection, be sure to sit in the corridor in front of the vaccination room for at least 30 minutes.
Do not apply cold or a warm compress to the injection site. It is strictly not recommended to massage the injection site.
To stop a foolish child from crying, simply give the baby some water to drink.
If the baby is sleeping, you should not wake him up to feed him.
The baby may not fully eat its portion. Do not force feed. Wait for your body to adapt.

In some cases (for example, with congenital hypersensitivity of the body to the action of the pathogen), polio (in a milder form) may develop.

Injections with inactivated virus cells are safer.

Possible consequences and complications after the procedure

After vaccination against polio (both drops and injections), children can develop all sorts of unpleasant reactions, side effects and actions:

Increased body temperature The child has. This complication is not caused by the vaccine. Hyperthermia develops if a child becomes infected with an infection (for example, ARVI) before or after vaccination.
To prevent the development of hyperthermia, you need to protect the child from contact with sick people, avoid visiting places with large crowds of people for a while;
Allergic reaction. The vaccine contains a large number of active substances. These are virus cells, antibiotics, and auxiliary components that allow the vaccine to be absorbed by the body.
All these elements can lead to allergy symptoms (swelling of the skin and the appearance of a rash, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, difficulty breathing).
Especially this reaction to the polio vaccine (in drops or injection) occurs in children who are already prone to developing pathology (for example, with hay fever, food allergies in a child);
Dysbacteriosis and other disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms of disorders are changes in stool (diarrhea), abdominal pain, flatulence, loss of appetite, nausea.
If the signs appear intensely and do not stop for 3 or more days, increasing the risk of dehydration, the child does not feel well, it is necessary to consult a doctor and begin treatment.

The most rare and dangerous complication after vaccination is the development of vaccine-associated polio.

This happens after using the funds with live virus cells in approximately 1 case per million (and most often the paralytic form of the pathology develops). The child develops symptoms characteristic of polio.

This is hyperthermia, a feverish state, impaired physical activity and general well-being, and decreased reflexes.

Dr. Komarovsky will talk about the polio vaccine in the following video:

The main method of protection against polio is vaccination., that is, the introduction of small doses of the virus to develop immunity to the pathogen.

The procedure has a lot of positive aspects, but sometimes unpleasant and even dangerous complications can develop after the vaccine is administered.

In contact with

The polio virus can still lead to epidemics in some countries today. A vaccine was created several decades ago, but vaccinations did not completely eradicate the infection. To achieve this, immunization of the population in each country must be at least 95%, which is unrealistic, especially in developing countries with low living standards.

When is the polio vaccine given? Who should be vaccinated? How safe is it and what complications await a child after vaccination? In what case can an unscheduled vaccination be done?

Why are polio vaccinations given?

Poliomyelitis is one of the most ancient human diseases, which can affect even disability; in 1% of cases, the virus penetrates the central nervous system and leads to destructive irreversible cell damage.

Who should be immunized against polio? Everyone gets vaccinated, it doesn’t matter at what age the vaccination is done. If a person is not vaccinated, he is at high risk of infection and further spread of the infection.

At what age is the first polio vaccine given? They try to do it as early as possible. The first injection is given to a child at the age of 3 months. Why so early?

The polio virus is spread throughout the globe.
Immediately after birth, the child retains the mother’s immunity for a very short time, but it is unstable, only five days.
A sick person releases the virus into the environment throughout the entire period of illness, during full recovery and for a long time after it. Vaccination prevents others from becoming infected.
The virus spreads easily through sewage water and food.
The virus can be transmitted by insects.
The disease occurs more often in children than in adults due to the lack of immunity.

The long incubation period and many complications after infection have led to the fact that in all countries, vaccination against polio is the only effective measure to prevent the disease.

Polio vaccination schedule

The polio immunization schedule was developed many years ago and has seen few changes over the past decades.

The first time a child is vaccinated against polio is at the age of three months.
After 45 days, the next vaccine is administered.
At six months the child receives the third vaccination. And if a non-live inactivated vaccine is used before this time, then during this period it is allowed to be vaccinated with OPV (this is a live vaccine in the form of drops that is administered orally).
Revaccination against polio is prescribed at one and a half years, the next at 20 months, then at 14 years.

When a child graduates from school, he must be fully vaccinated against this dangerous viral disease. With this polio vaccination schedule, every baby is protected from the first months of life.

Unscheduled polio vaccination

But there are other situations when a person is additionally vaccinated or unscheduled vaccinations against polio.

If there is no information about whether the child has been vaccinated, he is considered unvaccinated. In this case, a child under three years of age is given the vaccine three times at an interval of one month and revaccinated twice. If the age is from three to six years, then the child is vaccinated three times and revaccinated once. And up to 17 years of age, a full course of vaccination is carried out.
Unscheduled vaccination against polio is done if a person has arrived from a country with unfavorable epidemic indicators or is going there. Vaccination with OPV vaccine is given once. Travelers are recommended to get vaccinated 4 weeks before departure so that the body can provide a full immune response in a timely manner.
Another reason for unscheduled vaccination is an outbreak of a certain type of virus, if the person was vaccinated with a monovaccine against a different strain of polio.

In total, a person normally receives a polio vaccine about six times in their lifetime. How does the body react and what consequences can a person feel from being vaccinated against this viral disease?

Side effects of the polio vaccine

What kind of reaction can a child have to the polio vaccine? Apart from allergic reactions to the components of the drug, as a rule, there are no other reactions to the vaccine. Children and adults tolerate vaccination well.

But unlike the body’s reaction, complications from vaccination do occur. Although they happen rarely, such situations are still possible.

How to deal with complications and reactions to the polio vaccine?

A common allergic reaction in the form of urticaria to the administration of a vaccine can be eliminated by prescribing antiallergic drugs.
More serious complications from vaccination, such as intestinal dysfunction or urticaria throughout the body, require observation and more effective treatment in a hospital.
If VAPP occurs, then the treatment is the same as for the development of ordinary natural polio; in order to avoid irreversible consequences, therapy should be carried out under the supervision of doctors in an infectious diseases hospital.

When is the best time to reschedule the vaccine?

Unfortunately, doctors at the clinic do not always have a free minute to fully examine the baby, make all the necessary notes and correctly instruct the mother about behavior before and after vaccination. It's a shame, because some of the problems could have been avoided. Often, the child’s parents have to figure out on their own what to do correctly before and after vaccination. So, we will describe common errors that can be circumvented.

There is nothing special in behavior before and after vaccination, so it is important for parents to be patient and not forget simple but effective recommendations.

Contraindications to polio vaccination

Even after suffering from polio, it is necessary to be vaccinated against it, since a person could only have had one of three types of viral infection. In addition to the simple reluctance of the adult or the child’s parents to immunize, there is also a certain list of contraindications. In what cases should a vaccine really not be administered, and when can it only be postponed for a while?

Real contraindications for polio vaccination include the following conditions.

Pregnancy.
A complication of a previous vaccination, if after the administration of the drug various neurological manifestations developed.
Any acute infectious disease or chronic in the acute stage.
Immunodeficiency states.
Intolerance to antibacterial drugs included in the vaccine (neomycin, streptomycin).

Is it possible to get the polio vaccine if you have a runny nose? It is necessary to understand the cause of rhinitis. If this is a symptom of ARVI - no, vaccination is temporarily postponed until complete recovery. If your runny nose is allergic or a reaction to changing weather conditions, you can get vaccinated.

Types of polio vaccines

There are two main types of polio vaccines: IPV (injection form) and OPV (oral droplets). Previously, oral polio vaccine (OPV) was preferred. Is this polio vaccine dangerous? - it has the following features:

this is a weakened live virus that under normal conditions does not cause disease;
The OPV vaccine contains antibiotics, they prevent bacteria from developing;
it is in the form of droplets, it is swallowed (administered through the mouth);
The vaccine is trivalent, that is, it protects against all strains of polio;
in one case out of 75 thousand immunized people, OPV vaccination can cause a paralytic form of polio;
in response to an oral vaccine, not only humoral immunity is produced (with the help of the immune system), but also tissue immunity.

IPV is a vaccine with an inactivated virus, that is, killed by formaldehyde. It does not lead to the development of vaccine-associated polio.

In addition, vaccinations can be single-component, that is, against one type of virus, or three-component, thanks to which they are vaccinated against all three strains of the disease at once. To make the task a little easier for doctors, in recent years, manufacturing companies have regularly supplemented vaccines with many components. You can simultaneously vaccinate your child against diphtheria, tetanus, polio, whooping cough and other equally dangerous infections.

What polio vaccines are available now? - the names of the drugs are as follows:

“Oral polio vaccine”;
"Imovax Polio";
"Poliorix";
"Infanrix IPV" is an imported analogue of DTP;
"Tetrakok", which also contains protection against diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough;
“Pentaxim”, unlike the previous one, is also supplemented with a substance that protects against diseases caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b - HIB (meningitis, pneumonia, otitis media, septicemia, etc.).

Which polio vaccine is best? There is no ideal vaccine for everyone; each one is selected based on the situation and the body’s reaction. The clinic provides free vaccinations with domestic vaccines. Other drugs are administered according to the wishes and capabilities of the parents. If parents are really interested in the health of the child, they should consult in advance with the attending physician or infectious disease specialist about possible options and which vaccines have fewer complications.

To summarize, we note that polio is a terrible disease, the occurrence of which can only be prevented by timely vaccination. Vaccination against this viral infection is generally easily tolerated even by young children. In addition, modern IPV vaccines are currently used for vaccination, which eliminate the possibility of such a serious complication as VAPP - vaccine-associated polio.

Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that affects the head and causes paralysis. Its complications are very serious and unpleasant - among them are pulmonary atelectasis, perforation, curvature of the arms and legs, ulcers, myocarditis and others. Poliomyelitis is transmitted both through contact with a patient (airborne infection) and through the use of his things. Most often occurs in children under ten years of age.

Unfortunately, today there is no effective treatment for this disease, and therefore it is better not to risk the child’s health and resort to vaccination. If carried out correctly, it almost completely eliminates the possibility of infection. Another thing is that the consequences can be as dangerous as the disease itself. So what should you do to avoid harming your baby?

What vaccinations do children get?

There are two types of vaccines against this disease. The injection solution contains an inactivated (dead) pathogen and is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly. This vaccine is very effective, immunity is formed in at least 90% of cases. Relatively safe.

The second type of vaccine is oral. It is a polio drop containing a live, albeit weakened, pathogen. It is instilled into the child's mouth, and local immunity is formed in the intestines. It is less effective and has a higher risk of side effects.

From the information provided, it should be concluded that in order for the consequences of the polio vaccination not to ruin the child’s life, his parents should not show pity in protecting the baby from injections. An inactivated vaccine, injected into muscle tissue or subcutaneously, is more effective and safe.

Consequences of the polio vaccine: allergies

This is one of the body's most common reactions to a vaccine. Its manifestations can be different, and therefore it is better not to leave the clinic immediately after vaccination, but to remain under the supervision of a doctor for at least half an hour. And, of course, upon arrival home it is unacceptable to leave the baby alone - you need to constantly monitor his condition.

Consequences of the polio vaccine: seizures and paralysis

In the first days, seizures may develop against the background of high temperature or its absence. In the first case, the problem arises due to the underdevelopment of the child’s brain, in the second - due to an undetected lesion of the nervous system. To avoid such troubles, there is no need to rush with vaccination - it is better if the child is older, and it is necessary to undergo a thorough examination by a good doctor.

One of the rarest, but at the same time the most dangerous consequences of taking drops is vaccine-associated polio, the main manifestation of which is paralysis. The risk group includes unvaccinated children who have been in contact with a vaccinated child. Thus, if there are several children living in a house, at least one of whom cannot be given the vaccine, it is unacceptable to use drops with a live pathogen for all the others.

Better to play it safe

Similar consequences of the polio vaccine never occur with the administration of an inactivated vaccine. We must not forget about this - it is better for a child to endure several injections than to undergo treatment for many months afterward.