Trituration. Features of physiological effects, technique and method of performing the technique
Execution technique. The hand is folded into a fist and massage movements are performed with the bony protrusions of the middle interphalangeal joints.
Indications. Used when deep tissue effects are required.
Sawing
Execution technique. Rubbing is performed with the elbow edge of one or both hands, located at a distance of 1 - 2 cm from each other. The hands move parallel along the massaged part of the body in opposite directions, gradually moving on the surface of the massaged area.
Indications. It is used on large surfaces covered with a thick muscle layer, or with large fat deposits.
Hatching
Execution technique. The technique is similar in nature to sawing and is performed with the end of the thumb, the ends of several fingers, or the palm of the hand. The technique can be performed with one or both hands, and massage movements can be performed not only in the longitudinal or transverse direction, but also in a zigzag manner.
Zigzag massage movements performed by the radial edge of a vertically placed hand of one hand with the thumb abducted are called crossing.
Indications. It is used on large surfaces (abdomen area) and small surfaces (fingers area).
Planing
Execution technique. This technique is a combination of intermittent pressure and rubbing. The initial position of the hands when massaging is the same as when shading. The difference between this technique and shading is that the massaging hands move forward much further than backward. Massage movements are performed both longitudinally and transversely.
Indications. It is used for scars, adhesions, and large fat deposits and has a more effective effect on tissue than shading.
Pincer-like rubbing technique
Execution technique. By placing the thumb and index finger or thumb, index finger and middle fingers in the form of forceps, they rub in the longitudinal or transverse direction.
Indications. It is used for massaging the Achilles tendon, ligaments of small joints (phalango-phalangeal joints, wrist, etc.).
Guidelines
- Rubbing is a preparation for kneading.
- Rubbing, depending on the indications, can be superficial or deep.
- The greater the angle between the fingers of the massaging hand and the surface being massaged, the greater the pressure force during rubbing.
- Rubbing is done slower than stroking.
- Rubbing should be combined with stroking in the presence of pathological deposits in order to speed up their removal from the tissues.
A.F. Verbov
"Massage techniques. Auxiliary rubbing techniques" and other articles from the section
Trituration widely used in all types of massage. It consists of displacing or stretching the skin in different directions along with the underlying tissues.
Reception rubbing can be divided into rubbing with sliding on the skin and rubbing with displacement of the skin.
By appearance technical execution in both cases is similar, but in essence the main physiological influence They have differences on the body.
Rubbing and gliding over skin- techniques are performed through intense friction and sliding on the patient’s skin in order to achieve maximum heating of the tissues, muscles and organs of the human body. These types of rubbing techniques can be performed in two versions. This is rubbing on dry skin or using talc and rubbing using fat-based rubs. Trituration using fat-based rubs is used in cases of light, superficial heating of the skin and subcutaneous layers or in cases where a fine dosage of massage is needed. Trituration using fat-based rubs is used to create maximum heat.
In this case, it is necessary to take into account one subtle point, namely: the amount of lubricant must be strictly dosed in such a way that a lubricating layer is formed between the massage therapist’s hand and the patient’s body in a certain “warming” state. Then every, even the slightest movement creates good warmth.
Trituration is carried out vigorously, with significant pressure on the tissue being massaged. The temperature of the massaged area may increase by 1-3 degrees, and if trituration do it in one place in order to warm this area - even by 5 degrees.
Thus, by doing rubbing techniques In this way, we “squeeze” the maximum effect. The Art of Performing this technique consists in the ability to create a strong, powerful flow of heat and direct it to the required point, zone.
Trituration should be combined with stroking, since when pain in the area of the pathological focus, stroking reduces pain, promotes better relaxation fabrics. Rubbing is the main technique for massaging joints, ligaments, and the places where muscles attach to bones.
Rubbing is the displacement of the skin and deeper tissues in different directions to form a skin fold.
When performing a technique, the massage therapist’s brush must certainly have support on the surface of the massaged area in order to control the depth of penetration into the tissue and regulate its intensity. The massage therapist's fingers or other part of the hand are pressed tightly against the skin and do not slip when performing the technique. Rubbing alternates with stroking and is carried out before kneading.
Rubbing is performed quite quickly - up to 60 movements per minute. But the slower the massage therapist’s hands move, the more effective his action. The direction of the massage lines along which rubbing occurs does not depend on the course of the lymph flow, since the technique is local in each individual act of rubbing movement. To increase the impact on the area being rubbed, increase the angle of the fingers to the surface of the body. The closer the angle is to 90°, the deeper the penetration into the tissue. All multidirectional movements are performed alternately so as not to subject the skin to additional stretching.
Loss of support during rubbing leads to loss of control over the depth of penetration into the tissue, and the technique can be performed deeper and more painful than the massage therapist can afford when working with a specific person.
Rubbing promotes:
Increased tissue mobility, softening, loosening of pathological formations (tissue hardening, deposition of salts and other substances), stretching of scars and adhesions;
Increasing the flow of lymph and blood to the massaged area, redistributing fluids in tissues and interstitial spaces;
Improving the conductivity of nerve fibers.
Increasing muscle contractility, elasticity and mobility.
Basic rubbing techniques
Straight-line rubbing
The technique is performed with the end phalanges of one or more fingers of one or both hands.
In the initial position, the massage therapist’s hands are parallel to each other, supported by the bases of the palms, the fingers are relaxed and slightly bent at the interphalangeal joints, the pads are pressed tightly to the surface of the skin.
Rubbing itself occurs when the fingertips move towards the bases of the palms, while the skin and deeper tissues smoothly stretch and rub against each other. When maximum tension in the tissue is reached, the fingers return to their original position along with the displaced area of the skin due to its natural elasticity. The massage therapist's hands are moved to the next area.
Circular rubbing with fingers(Fig. 27)
The initial position of the massage therapist's hands is the same as when performing straight-line rubbing. The difference between this technique is that the rubbing movement of the massage therapist’s fingers occurs in an arc in the direction of the little fingers. The fingertips are also tightly pressed to the skin of the massaged area, smoothly displace it with a gradually increasing pressure force and also smoothly return to its original position, reducing pressure on the skin. The technique is performed with both hands alternately so as not to stretch the skin to the point of tearing.
Circular comb-like rubbing(Fig. 28)
The thumbs are positioned perpendicular to the plane of the palm. They act as a support during the execution of the technique. The remaining four fingers of each hand are bent at the interphalangeal joints so that the dorsal surfaces of the middle phalanges form a plane that presses tightly against the skin and acts as a rubbing ridge.
The rubbing movement is made by the plane of the middle phalanges of the fingers in an arc in the direction of the little finger. After maximum tissue tension is achieved, the massage therapist’s hand returns to its original position due to the natural elasticity of the skin. The fingers should not move relative to each other; there is no need to work with the knuckles of the joints. This technique is deeper than the previous ones.
Rubbing the bases of the palms(Fig. 29)
The massage therapist's hands are relaxed, parallel to each other, resting the bases of the palms on the massaged area. Working alternately with both hands, the massage therapist presses the skin and underlying tissues with the bases of the palms and moves them forward and to the side in the direction of the little fingers. The rubbing load gradually increases to its maximum. Then the working brush along the same trajectory returns to its original position along with the
the area of skin being washed off, and the pressure on it gradually decreases. Hands are alternately moved forward along the massage line. The move is deep and strong and can be performed with one hand and weights with a free hand.
Rake rubbing(Fig. 30)
The massage therapist's fingers are widely spaced, as when performing rake-like stroking. Support on the base of the palms. The rubbing movement is carried out with the pads of the fingers in the direction of the bases of the palms, as with straight rubbing. The technique can be performed with one hand, with both hands simultaneously and alternately. Used on the chest to work the intercostal muscles and ribs.
Sawing(Fig. 31)
The technique is performed using the edges of the palms. The massage therapist's hands are placed parallel at a distance of 1.5–3 cm. A roller of massaged tissue is formed between the palms, which is rubbed with multidirectional movements of the hands. It is used on the back along the spine, in the lumbar region, on the buttocks, and abdomen to work out large subcutaneous fat deposits.
Crossing(Fig. 32)
Performed using the radial edges of the brushes. The thumbs are abducted as much as possible in the planes of the palms. The arcs formed between the first and second fingers are installed on the side surface of the body (for example, in the lumbar region) in such a way that the hands are parallel and their backs are directed towards each other. Between the hands is 1.5–3 cm. Using multidirectional movements of both hands, rub the skin fold. Grinding(Fig. 33)
The fold of skin formed by rolling (see the “kneading” technique) is rubbed between the palms. Used to improve elasticity, tissue mobility and reduce fat deposits on the abdomen, hips, and lower back.
Hatching(Fig. 34)
The technique is performed with the pads of the second, third or second, third, fourth, fifth fingers. The fingers are straightened and placed on the massaged area at an angle of 30°. With short transverse movements, the skin and underlying tissues are shifted from the massage line to one side or the other, making damped oscillatory movements. The technique is used where there are cicatricial changes in the skin, with atrophy of individual muscle groups, skin diseases, flaccid paralysis.
Planing(Fig. 34)
The technique is performed with one or two hands. The straightened fingers of the massage therapist lower onto the massaged area (as with shading) at an angle of 30°, but displace the skin and underlying tissues along the massage line. In this case, the movement of the fingers plunging into the fabric resembles planing. It is used for extensive scars, as well as for treating cellulite skin deformations and redistributing interstitial fluid.
Pincer rubbing(Fig. 35)
It is performed with the thumb and forefinger in a similar way to pincer-like stroking, but more deeply, with tissue displacement. Used on small, long thin muscles and tendons, hands, feet.
136. The effect of massage on the skin:
1. removal of dead cells from the skin
2.improved skin respiration
3. increased release of decomposition products
4. increasing skin tone
5. spasm of skin vessels
137. The effect of massage on muscles is manifested:
1. increase in electrical activity of muscles
2. improving the elastic-viscous properties of muscles
3. activation of redox processes in muscles
4. decreased gas exchange
5. normalization of muscle tone
138. The effect of massage on lymphatic system manifests itself:
1. acceleration of lymph movement
2. anti-inflammatory effect
3. improving lymphatic drainage
4. prevention stagnation, for diseases of cardio-vascular system
5. magnification lymph nodes
139. Short-term, intermittent, intense doses have an effect on the central nervous system:
1. stimulating effect
2. sedative effect
3. harmonizing effect
4. mixed action
140. The effect of massage on peripheral nerves and trunks:
1. improving the conduction of nerve impulses
2. reduction of pathological impulses
3. reduction pain syndrome
4. increased pain syndrome
5. sensory disturbance
General technique and technology classic massage
Stroking
141. The main effect of superficial planar stroking on the body is:
1. exciting
2. relaxing
3. hormonizing
4. neutral
5. warming
142. The technical feature of performing the stroking technique is:
1. glide over the skin without moving it
2. movement of the hand over the skin with its displacement
3. impact on distant tissues and organs
143. In what direction are stroking techniques performed on the limbs:
1. from the periphery to the center
2. from center to periphery
3. transverse
4. longitudinally
5. in any direction
144. Separate and sequential stroking is performed:
1. symmetrically
2. one hand
3. two hands at the same time
4. with both hands, alternately.
145. Can stroking be deep:
146. On the flexor surface of the limbs, stroking techniques are carried out:
1. superficial
2. more deeply
Trituration.
147. The peculiarity of performing the rubbing technique is:
1. glide over the skin without moving it
2. movement along the skin, with its displacement
3. impact on distant organs
148. Massage movements when rubbing are carried out:
1. by lymph flow
2. in any direction
149. Technique related to rubbing:
1. ironing
2. crossing
3. pressure
4. puncturing
5. felting
150. “Planing” is a technique:
1. stroking
2. rubbing
3. kneading
4. vibration
151. The "Shading" technique is performed:
2. radial edge of the brush
3. pads of the terminal phalanges of II-III or II-V fingers
4. base of the palm
152. Pincer-like rubbing is used for massage:
1. large muscle groups
2. small muscle groups
3. auricle
4. tendons
Kneading
153. The main objects of kneading are:
1. periosteum
3. subcutaneous tissue
4. joints
154. In what direction are kneading techniques carried out:
1. by lymph flow
2. longitudinally
3. transverse
155. A mandatory condition when performing a kneading technique:
1. preliminary thermal procedures
2. maximum muscle relaxation
3. communication with the patient during the procedure
156. Kneading technique:
1. sawing
2. shading
3. pressure
4. puncturing
5. Quilting
157. Techniques related to kneading:
1. double neck
2. shift
3. felting
4. concussion
5. pressure
158. The shifting technique is performed specifically (not usually) on:
2. scalp
5. limbs
Vibration
159. Required condition performing shock vibration techniques:
1. rhythmicity
2. deep impact
3. surface impact
160. The difference between the effects of vibration on the body and the effects of other massage techniques:
1. duration of exposure
2. impact force
3. influence on distant organs
4. influence on the central nervous system
161. Reception of vibration:
1. crossing
2. concussion
3. squeezing
4. shading
5. planing
162. The peculiarity of performing the vibration technique is:
1. glide over the skin without moving it
2. movement along the skin with its displacement
3. transmission of oscillatory movements to the patient’s body
163. The “shaking” technique is performed on:
2. upper limbs
3. lower limbs
164. The “puncturing” technique is performed
1. palmar surface of the hand
2. dorsum of the hand
3. base of the palm
4. fingertips
Face massage
165. Name the indications for facial massage:
1. neuritis facial nerve
2. neuralgia trigeminal nerve
4. diencephalic syndrome
166. Name the lower limit for facial massage:
1. chin
2. III intercostal space
3. clavicle line
4. clavicle line and level VII cervical vertebra
1. from the outer corner of the eye to the inner, along the lower edge of the orbit
2. from the inner corner to the outer along the lower edge of the orbit
3. from outer corner to inner corner top edge orbits
4. from the inner corner of the eye to the outer, along the upper edge of the orbit
168. Guidelines for facial massage:
1. use of ointment massage products
2. use of dry massage products
3. use stroking after each appointment
4. preliminary cleansing of the skin
1. from the bridge of the nose to the tip of the nose
2. from the tip of the nose to the bridge of the nose
Trituration consists of displacement, movement, stretching of tissues in different directions. In this case, the skin moves along with the massage therapist’s hand. This technique has a deeper effect on the tissue than stroking, and is carried out along the blood and lymph flow. When rubbing the back muscles - up and down. Rubbing is performed with the palmar surface of the hand, the tubercles thumbs, pads of the index or middle or second to fifth fingers, the base of the palm, fists, the ulnar edge of the hand (or forearm), the bony protrusions of the phalanges of the fingers bent into a fist. Rubbing is performed with one or two hands longitudinally, transversely, circularly, zigzagly (or spirally).
Massage: Rubbing technique
Rubbing with the palmar surface of the hand: the hand is pressed tightly to the area being massaged, the fingers are also pressed against each other, the thumb is moved to the side, displacing the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue. The technique is carried out with one or two hands.
Rubbing with fingertips: thumb pressed against the index finger, and the pads of the second to fifth fingers tightly against the massaged area, shifting the skin and subcutaneous fatty tissue. This technique can be performed with weights. It is most often used for massage of the back (especially paravertebral zones), buttocks, joints, intercostal muscles, dorsum of the foot and hand, and heel tendon.
Rubbing with the ulnar edge of the hand (edge of the hand or forearm): the hand is pressed tightly to the massaged area, massage movements are performed in a straight line or in a circle. This technique is performed on the back, in the area of the shoulder girdle, and hips.
Rubbing with fists is carried out on large muscles (back, hips, buttocks). The fingers are clenched into a fist, and rubbing is done from the side of the bent fingers, as well as from the side of the little finger with the fist(s).
Rubbing the bony protrusions of the phalanges of the fingers is most often used when massaging the back, hips, soles, palms, and abdomen. The fingers are clenched into a fist and the bony protrusions of the distal ends proximal phalanges rubbing is carried out. The technique is performed with one or two hands.
Rubbing with the base of the palm is carried out on the back muscles (paravertebral zones), joints, hips, and anterior tibial muscles. The base of the palm is pressed tightly against the massaged area and pressure is applied to displace the skin and subcutaneous fat in different directions. Rubbing is done with one or two hands.
Massage: Varieties of rubbing techniques
Comb-like rubbing is performed with the middle phalanges and is used on the muscles of the back, thighs, tibial muscles of the leg, soles, palms, and abdomen.
Forceps-like rubbing is performed on one side thumb, on the other - the rest in the longitudinal and transverse directions. This technique is used when massaging wrist joint, muscles of the forearm, calcaneal tendon.
Massage: Guidelines for rubbing
Rubbing is indicated before kneading and is, as it were, preparing the tissues for it.
The reception is carried out slowly, but when it has a pre-launch (preparatory) character, it is carried out more energetically and quickly.
To enhance the effect of rubbing, it is often used with weights (one hand is placed on the other).
Rubbing is carried out along the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and on the back muscles - from lumbar region to the cervical and from the lower corners of the scapula to the lower back.
When rubbing, the brush must be pressed firmly against the area being massaged.
Rubbing should be used with caution on soft tissues after injuries (damage) and diseases.
Rubbing is important technique when exposed to joint tissue, as well as various chronic diseases muscles. It can be combined with a sauna, physiotherapy and hydrotherapy. It should be used with great caution for lymphostasis, edema, and so on.