The role of medicine in ensuring health. The role of the doctor in the modern world The role of medicine in life
It is difficult to imagine what people's condition would be like without methods of maintaining health.
In fact, good health determines a person’s character, mood and behavior. Strong immunity, absence of chronic and serious illnesses will allow a person to feel more confident and stronger psycho-emotionally!
It is no secret that a person who is self-confident and cheerful - having learned about certain infectious processes occurring in his body, begins to convince himself of an unfavorable outcome of his illness, thereby complicating the treatment process and increasing the length of hospitalization. To avoid such complications, in medicine there is a term “ethical-deontological support”.
Nowadays, we can say with confidence that medicine keeps pace with civilization... The more inventions that harm the body, the more treatment methods, and for certain diseases (chronic diseases, fever, psoriasis, etc.), there are several treatment methods...
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National State University Physical Culture named after P.F. Lesgaft
Department of Hygiene
Report on the topic “Personal health and its role in human life”
Completed by a 4th year student of group 5
Full name Vinokurov Vitaly
St. Petersburg 2013
Health is an invaluable asset not only for every person, but also for the entire society. When meeting or parting with close and dear people, we wish them well and good health since this is the main condition and guarantee of a full and happy life. Health helps us fulfill our plans, successfully solve the main tasks of life, overcome difficulties, and, if necessary, significant overloads. Good health, wisely maintained and strengthened by the person himself, ensures a long and active life.
Scientific evidence suggests that most people, when followed hygiene rules it is possible to live up to 100 years or more.
Unfortunately, many people do not follow the simplest, science-based norms of a healthy lifestyle. Some become victims of inactivity (hypodynamia), which causes premature aging, others overeat with the almost inevitable development of obesity, vascular sclerosis in these cases, and in some - diabetes mellitus, still others do not know how to rest, distract themselves from work and everyday worries, are always restless, nervous, suffer from insomnia, which ultimately leads to numerous diseases of internal organs. Some people, succumbing to the addiction of smoking and alcohol, actively shorten their lives.
Labor is the true core and basis of a person’s healthy life regimen. There is a misconception about the harmful effects of labor allegedly causing “wear and tear” of the body, excessive consumption of energy and resources, and premature aging. Labor, both physical and mental, is not only not harmful, but, on the contrary, systematic, feasible, and well organized labor process has an extremely beneficial effect on the nervous system, heart and blood vessels, the musculoskeletal system - on the entire human body. Constant training during labor strengthens our body. He who works hard and well throughout his life lives long. on the contrary, idleness leads to muscle flaccidity, metabolic disorders, obesity and premature decrepitness.
In the observed cases of overstrain and overwork of a person, it is not the work itself that is to blame, but the incorrect work regime. It is necessary to correctly and skillfully distribute forces while performing work, both physical and mental. Even, rhythmic work is more productive and beneficial for the health of workers than alternating periods of downtime with periods of intense, rushed work. Interesting and favorite work is done easily, without stress, and does not cause fatigue or exhaustion. Important right choice professions in accordance with a person’s individual abilities and inclinations.
A comfortable work uniform is important for the employee; he must be well instructed on safety issues. immediately before work, it is important to organize your workplace: remove everything unnecessary, arrange all tools in the most rational way, etc. The lighting of the workplace must be sufficient and uniform. A local light source, such as a table lamp, is preferable.
It is better to start doing the work with the most difficult one. This trains and strengthens the will. It does not allow you to put off difficult tasks from morning to evening, from evening to morning, from today to tomorrow, and generally indefinitely.
A necessary condition for maintaining health during work is the alternation of work and rest. Rest after work does not mean a state of complete rest. Only with very great fatigue can we talk about passive rest. It is desirable that the nature of rest be opposite to the nature of a person’s work (the “contrasting” principle of constructing rest). People who work physically need rest that is not associated with additional physical activity, and workers who work in mental labor need some physical work during leisure hours. This alternation of physical and mental activity is good for health. A person who spends a lot of time indoors should spend at least part of his rest time outdoors. It is advisable for city dwellers to relax outdoors - on walks around the city and outside the city, in parks, at stadiums, on excursions, while working in garden plots, etc.
To maintain the normal functioning of the nervous system and the entire body, proper sleep is of great importance. The great Russian physiologist I.P. Pavlov pointed out that sleep is a kind of inhibition that protects the nervous system from excessive tension and fatigue. Sleep should be long enough and deep. If a person sleeps little, then he gets up in the morning irritated, overwhelmed, and sometimes with a headache.
It is impossible for all people without exception to determine the time needed for sleep. Need for sleep different people not the same. On average, this norm is about 8 hours. Unfortunately, some people view sleep as a reserve from which they can borrow time to do certain things. Systematic lack of sleep leads to impaired nervous activity, decreased performance, increased fatigue, irritability.
To create conditions for normal, sound and restful sleep, you need 1-1.5 hours. stop stress before bedtime mental work. You need to have dinner no later than 2-2.5 hours before. Before sleep. This is important for complete digestion of food. You should sleep in a well-ventilated room; it’s a good idea to accustom yourself to sleep with the window open, and in the warm season with open window. You need to turn off the lights in the room and establish silence. Nightwear should be loose and not impede blood circulation. You cannot sleep in outerwear. It is not recommended to cover your head with a blanket or sleep face down: this interferes with normal breathing. It is advisable to go to bed at the same time - this helps you fall asleep quickly.
Neglecting these simple rules of sleep hygiene causes negative effects. Sleep becomes shallow and restless, as a result of which, as a rule, insomnia and certain disorders in the activity of the nervous system develop over time.
For knowledge workers, systematic physical education and sports acquires exceptional importance. It is known that even in a healthy and not old person, if he is not trained, leads a sedentary lifestyle and does not engage in physical exercise, with the slightest physical exertion his breathing quickens and his heartbeat appears. On the contrary, a trained person can easily cope with significant physical activity. The strength and performance of the heart muscle, the main engine of blood circulation, is directly dependent on the strength and development of all muscles. Therefore, physical training, while developing the muscles of the body, at the same time strengthens the heart muscle. In people with undeveloped muscles, the heart muscle is weak, which is revealed during any physical work.
Physical education and sports are also very useful for people who work physically, since their work is often associated with the load of a particular muscle group, and not the entire musculature as a whole. Physical training strengthens and develops skeletal muscles, heart muscle, blood vessels, respiratory system and many other organs, which greatly facilitates the functioning of the circulatory system and has a beneficial effect on the nervous system.
Daily morning exercises are a mandatory minimum of physical training. It should become the same habit for everyone as washing your face in the morning. health rest sleep mode
Physical exercises should be performed in a well-ventilated area or in the fresh air. For people leading a sedentary lifestyle, it is especially important physical exercise outdoors (walking, strolling). It is useful to walk to work in the morning and walk in the evening after work. Systematic walking has a beneficial effect on a person, improves well-being, and increases performance.
Walking is a complexly coordinated motor act controlled by the nervous system; it is carried out with the participation of almost the entire muscular system of our body. As a load, it can be precisely dosed and gradually, systematically increased in pace and volume. In the absence of other physical activity, the daily minimum load for a young man by walking alone is 15 km; a smaller load is associated with the development of physical inactivity.
Thus, daily stay in the fresh air for 1-1.5 hours is one of the important components of a healthy lifestyle. When working indoors, a walk in the evening, before bed, is especially important. Such a walk as part of the necessary daily exercise is beneficial for everyone. It relieves the stress of a working day, calms excited nerve centers, regulates breathing. Walking is best done according to the principle of cross-country walking: 0.5-1 km at a slow walking pace, then the same amount at a fast athletic pace, etc.
A special place in a healthy life regime belongs to the daily routine, a certain rhythm of human life and activity. Each person’s routine should include a certain time for work, rest, eating, and sleep.
The daily routine of different people can and should be different depending on the nature of the work, living conditions, habits and inclinations, however, even here there must be a certain daily rhythm and daily routine. It is necessary to provide sufficient time for sleep and rest. Breaks between meals should not exceed 5-6 hours. It is very important that a person always sleeps and eats at the same time. In this way, conditioned reflexes are developed. A person who has lunch at a strictly defined time knows well that by this time he has an appetite, which is replaced by a feeling of severe hunger if lunch is late. Disorder in the daily routine destroys the formed conditioned reflexes.
Speaking about the daily routine, we do not mean strict schedules with a minutely calculated time budget for each task for each day. There is no need to reduce the regime to caricature with excessive pedantry. However, the routine itself is a kind of core on which the conduct of both weekdays and weekends should be based.
An important preventive measure against colds is systematic hardening of the body. It is best to start it from childhood. The simplest method of hardening is air baths. Also of great importance in the hardening system are water procedures. they strengthen the nervous system, have a beneficial effect on the heart and blood vessels, normalizing blood pressure, and improve metabolism. First, it is recommended to rub your naked body with a dry towel for several days, then move on to wet rubdowns. After wet wiping, you need to vigorously rub your body with a dry towel. You should start wiping yourself with warm water (35-36 C), gradually moving to cool water, and then to dousing. In summer, it is better to carry out water procedures in the fresh air after morning exercises. It is useful to be in the fresh air as much as possible, sunbathe, swim.
People eat differently, but there are a number of requirements that should be taken into account by everyone. First of all, food must be varied and complete, that is, contain in the right quantity and in certain proportions all the basic nutrients. Overeating should not be allowed: it leads to obesity. A diet with the systematic introduction of exorbitant quantities of any one product or nutrients of one class (for example, excessive intake of fats or carbohydrates, increased consumption of table salt) is also very harmful to health.
The intervals between meals should not be too long (no more than 5-6 hours). It is harmful to eat only 2 times a day, but in excessive portions, because this creates too much strain on the blood circulation. To a healthy person It is better to eat 3-4 times a day. With three meals a day, lunch should be the most satisfying, and dinner should be the lightest. It is harmful to read and solve complex and important problems while eating. You should not rush, eat while burning yourself with cold food, or swallow large pieces of food without chewing. Systematic dry food has a bad effect on the body. no hot dishes. It is necessary to observe the rules of personal hygiene and sanitation. A person who neglects their diet is, over time, at risk of developing such severe digestive diseases as, for example, peptic ulcers, etc. Thorough chewing and grinding of food to a certain extent protects the mucous membrane of the digestive organs from mechanical damage, scratches and, in addition, promotes rapid penetration juices deep into the food mass. You need to constantly monitor the condition of your teeth and oral cavity.
So, every person has great opportunities to strengthen and maintain their health, to maintain their ability to work, physical activity and vigor until old age.
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One of Elena Ivanovna’s most beloved philosophers and writers, Friedrich Nietzsche, in his work “Human, All Too Human...” noted the paramount importance of medical profession in the culture of mankind: “At present, not a single vocation provides the opportunity to achieve such a high position as the vocation of a doctor. But the higher spiritual education of a doctor is now not limited to knowledge of the best, newest methods of treatment, the skill and ability to make those quick conclusions about the causes and influences, which create the glory of the diagnostician: no, the doctor must, in addition, have the ability to speak, applying himself to the patient’s situation, to convince him, to touch his heart; he must have courage, the mere sight of which would drive away cowardice - this worm that gnaws at every patient’s dexterity; a diplomat in mediating between patients who need joy for recovery, and those who, in view of their health, should and can bring joy to others; the insight of a detective and investigator to unravel the secrets of the soul without giving them away - in a word, good doctor must be fluent in the arts of all other professions. Appearing in such full armor, the doctor is able to become a benefactor of the entire society, increasing the number of good deeds, spiritual joy and productivity of the mind, keeping from bad thoughts, evil intentions, trickery (the disgusting source of which is so often the abdominal cavity), freeing from so-called mental torment and remorse and contributing to the restoration of the spiritual and physical aristocracy (by helping or hindering marriages). Only in this way will he become a savior of society from a physician."
In full accordance with the ancient traditions of Eastern Medicine, the Teaching of Living Ethics assigns a very special place to the doctor among scientists and practitioners whose work is connected with people. The doctor seems to be a kind of healer of souls and bodies, and not just a “psychotherapist,” but in the most literal sense confessor, whose work helps to ennoble people: “You wrote today about physical medicines, but for crowds even barrels of the most precious substance will be useless. You can ask all the doctors in the world to begin the mission of spiritualizing the heart. Every doctor has access to different houses. He sees different generations, his words are taken with attention. He can so easily add the most valuable instructions among physical advice. He has the right to know all the details of the moral conditions of the house. He can give advice that will make you think beyond the actions of the stomach, he can give orders, because behind it is the fear of death. The doctor is the most sacred person in the house where the patient is. Humanity is concerned with a sufficient number of diseases, which means that a doctor can give many valuable warnings..." (Fiery World, II, 217).
The field of activity of a doctor in a patient’s home expands from the need to provide advice on rearrangement of life to changing the way of behavior and attitude towards work and relatives. Only in recent decades, due to well-known deformations in medical education and the practice of outpatient doctors in our country, the prestige of the medical profession has noticeably decreased. At all times, the doctor was considered the most important of the specialists, because his actions depended life itself patient. In this case, the importance of a doctor in a person’s life deepens even more, although, of course, knowledge and skills alone are not enough to achieve such high professionalism. It is still necessary to become a highly moral, spiritually established person: “Doctors can be true helpers of humanity in the ascension of the spirit. The mind of a doctor must be strengthened by the heart. It is impossible for a doctor to be an ignorant denier. A doctor cannot but be a psychologist and he cannot neglect the wonderful psychic energy.. "(Aum, 3).
In ancient times, a doctor was not only a highly moral specialist with deep knowledge of his subject. Doctors, through special yogic training, acquired paranormal (albeit completely natural for a highly developed person) psychic abilities, which helped them accurately diagnose and choose the necessary treatment regimen in full accordance with the individuality of the patient.
This does not mean that in the past all doctors were like Wolf Messing or Roza Kuleshova. However, mastering psychic paranormal abilities, along with acquiring high powers of observation and developed memory, was a professional duty for every healer, and many doctors possessed these abilities to a developed degree (depending on talent and diligence in training). In the treatise "Zhud-shi", containing the main provisions of Indo-Tibetan medicine, there is a special section entirely devoted to the yogic psychoenergy training of the doctor, the purpose of which was development of higher abilities of human perception. There were corresponding sections called “Taoist Yoga” in the treatises of Chinese doctors.
Modern psychology of self-improvement knows one of the innate abilities, called “healing”. It lies in an increased natural ability to empathize with another person. This empathy occurs not only at the subjective mental level, but also at the purely physiological level of perception. A person with this ability literally feels everything that the patient he examines feels, experiences, and even thinks (“sympathizes” with him).
In past centuries, experienced mentors identified precisely such gifted people among applicants for the title of healer and purposefully (through the use of Yoga exercises and targeted programming suggestion) developed this unique ability in them. Subsequently (after development and mastery), the ability to “contact” the patient’s body and soul successfully replaced both fluoroscopy and biochemical tests blood, and other instrumental and laboratory methods of examining the patient.
The main thing for the healer of the past was perfect mastery of the science of mental properties and mental processes of a person: “Not a single medical school teaches psychology. Such a subject does not exist at all. The word “psychology” is associated with pedagogy, but not with the knowledge of the qualities of psychic energy. Impossible allow medical education to bypass such a basic subject. Knowledge of psychic energy allows us to pay attention to medicines. How much less medicine will be needed when doctors can use psychic energy to renew all phenomena of life. . How many ancient sources indicate that clergy were also doctors? It was emphasized that the doctor has authority, otherwise he will walk in the tail of diseases, unable to prevent them ... "(Community, 234).
The high authority of a doctor in past centuries allowed his advice to reach the minds and hearts of patients. Only in this way was it possible to engage in true disease prevention. Otherwise, what kind of help can prevent the development of the disease if people do not accept (due to distrust of doctors and because of their own low culture) the recommendations of doctors and do not change their own bad habits and harmful living conditions! Only the sacredness of the position of a doctor can explain such close attention that was paid in ancient medical treatises specifically to the prevention of diseases, issues of improving the health of everyday life and the entire lifestyle, issues of maintaining the natural order of work and rest in “following the rhythms and states of Nature.” And the authority of a highly moral and well-versed physician for the introduction of such prevention was mandatory.
Knowledge of applied psychology is extremely important and even mandatory for a doctor also because the human body is under directed psychological impact is able to secrete entire “sets” of its own phenomenally active and targeted substances, which are most natural for its functioning both in quality and dosage. Such “internal medicines” are capable of physiologically leading tissues and organs to healing changes in accordance with the treatment task transmitted by the physician to the patient under psychological influence. The body, it turns out, listens very carefully to the doctor’s voice, his thoughts and mood, of course, if the doctor managed to “please” the body and “get into contact with it.”
Hypnotherapist Kashpirovsky A.M. diligently promoted the idea of the possibility of the human body, under the psychological influence of a doctor, producing such internal biological active substances, a kind of “own medicine”, which, in particular, is capable of “dissolving” even scar tissue, which until now was considered practically unchangeable even under the influence of powerful chemotherapy and enzyme drugs. The same ideas have been successfully developing in the United States for three decades now. A new section of experimental medicine has even been identified - psychoendocrine neuroimmunology, whose adherents are searching for ways to activate the human body and stimulate the production of biologically active substances of internal origin necessary for healing through the use of various psychological methods of influence, including the use of transcendental meditation, auto-training, active programming, neurolinguistic programming or good old hypnosis.
In this regard, the work experience of the American psychological influence specialist Carl Singleton is extremely interesting. In numerous popular and scientific books coming from his pen and immediately becoming bestsellers, this healer shares his own experience of creating special groups for the psychological activation of hidden reserves of self-healing in cancer patients. The influence of psychotherapy, carried out, of course, according to a program specially developed for various types of patients, is such that the effect of all “classical” methods of treating cancer (chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy) is significantly enhanced, their effectiveness increases due to the creation of especially positive effects in groups of patients. emotional background, developing a mindset for healing and generating unshakable faith in the success of the treatment.
Along with conventional radiation, chemotherapy and surgical intervention Dr. Singleton also uses mental relaxation techniques and visualization techniques - the ability to see “with closed eyes” imaginary pictures of the processes occurring at this time in the body. This is how Singleton's method is described in J. Mishlav's book "The Roots of Consciousness."
"The patient is asked to meditate for 15 minutes at the same time 3 times a day - in the morning after waking up, in the afternoon around noon and at night just before going to bed. The first few minutes of meditation are used to enter a state of relaxation: only after completely relaxing , the patient can visualize a calm landscape. The main part of the work with mental images follows. First of all, the patient “tunes in” to the cancerous tumor and contemplates it “with the eye of his mind.” dying cells. The patient is asked to visualize an army of white blood cells crowding around. cancerous tumor, carrying away malignant cells weakened or killed as a result of irradiation. Then the patient imagines how leukocytes destroy malignant cells, after which the remnants of the latter are “washed out” from the body. At the end of the meditation, the patient visualizes himself completely healthy and happy."
In addition to the application of imaging techniques, the patient is introduced to general principles the work of the immune mechanism, they show him photographs of other patients who were completely healed using Dr. Singleton's method. Having studied the medical histories of 152 patients, the doctor found that almost half of them had a complete cure; conventional treatment methods using the method of mental mobilization gave top scores than without such a combination. Of course, the treatment brought greatest benefit those who were most optimistic and more fully, more deeply involved in the holistic healing process. In patients of the same group, the negative side effects usually caused by the use of radiation therapy.
It is interesting that in the books of the Teaching of Living Ethics, similar ideas were put forward back in the 20s. of our century, and the problem itself was posed much more seriously - the problem of connecting the internal “laboratory” of the human body not only with its mental state, but even with the influence of the planetary and cosmic energy-information environment: "...People are generously endowed with powerful substances. The human chemical laboratory is phenomenal. Truly, one can say, nowhere can so many forces be concentrated as in the human body. It is no coincidence that there existed the theory that a person can be cured of all diseases with his own secretions. Also, let us not forget that human chemistry is subtle, everything is under the influence of psychic energy, which, in turn, can constantly be renewed in connection with spatial currents... Human poison is strong. and psychic energy is healing... Psychic and chemical influences..." (Aboveground, 338).
Since ancient times, Eastern Medicine has known about the possibility of purposefully activating the human body’s ability to excrete healing substances under the psychological influence of an experienced doctor. That is why psychology in ancient times was so vitally necessary for doctors in their daily practice. Mastering practical psychology required from the doctor himself the highest development of his mental qualities and moral virtues.
Doctors of past centuries tried to develop in themselves the so-called “touchstone” - practical intuition, through which they could directly sense the patient’s condition: this is how they “guessed” the necessary treatment regimen (which, however, does not at all exclude the need for deep knowledge of the subject, but complements ability to think with intuitive insights).
Doctors of the past used the ability to suggest, developed by yogic psychotraining methods, and thus influenced the patient, bringing into action his hidden chemical “laboratories”, which made it possible naturally solve many therapeutic problems without actually resorting to the administration of drugs. Of course, suggestion was important, but far from the only method of treatment. However, it was the establishment of psychological, or more precisely, direct psychoenergetic contact between the physician and the patient that in ancient times was given paramount importance in determining the prognosis of treatment of the disease and the possibility of healing. By the way, Dr. Singleton also sought to select namely optimistic patients who have not yet lost faith in the possibility of real healing and trust in medicine and its representatives. He did this with the help of psychodiagnostic tests. Doctors of the past, with their observation and inner sensitivity, could choose “by eye.”
Regarding the development of modern pharmacology and the widespread dissemination of standard treatment regimens associated with the improvement of the pharmaceutical base modern medicine and deepening knowledge about the intimate mechanisms of the work of the biochemical “machines” of the human body, the Teaching of Living Ethics says more than definitely: “One may ask - will the number of doctors decrease with the increase in ready-made medicines? This would be a disaster. The appearance of doctors everywhere - if only we understand a doctor as a highly educated friend of humanity. It is the conditionally prepared medicines that will cause diseases that the doctor must individually treat. A very subtle combination of suggestion with medicines will be required. We are not talking about surgery, because this area does not cause reasoning if it does not exceed its purpose. often like a murderer. Therefore, in this area, true straight-knowledge is required (synonymous with consciously controlled intuition - S.K.), but the situation of a doctor is even more complicated when several diseases are combined, and such cases can multiply and thus worsen another. are still deprived of reasonable medical care. From this situation the phenomenon of decreased vitality is born. Degeneration is not a fabrication. Signs of such a disaster can be seen everywhere. Such misfortune not only affects the present generation, but it distorts the future of humanity. They will shout to us that such advice is old. But why is it not accepted until now?” (Brotherhood, 141).
The high calling of a doctor and his central, frankly speaking, role in the process of healing a patient are determined by the fact that the doctor is not just a specialist familiar with medical science, but a highly educated and highly moral assistant to a person in need of him, a specialist who has a reserve of “psychic energy” that is so necessary for any treatment, as the founders of the Teaching of Living Ethics understood it.
And therefore, the doctor cannot be replaced either by a computer, or by instruments, or by drugs synthesized in flasks of chemical plants. But what is it - “psychic energy”, which is given so much attention in almost all theories and practical recommendations both the Teachings of Living Ethics, and in the ancient treatises of Eastern Medicine and in general?
Publication date 02/05/2015
The main component of the level of well-being of any state is the physical and social well-being of the people who live in it, and this is an absolute fact. By and large, everything material wealth states are nothing without competitive human capital, and the former is always created by the latter.
What is the role of medicine in the development of the state? What is medicine in the 21st century?
Currently, there are many discussions on this topic, but today it is clear to absolutely everyone that the attitude towards medicine as an expenditure part of the budget is a relic of the 20th century and the role of medicine in developing the potential of the state cannot be ignored.
And, based on this, we must assume that without good medicine it is hardly possible to achieve an adequate level of social well-being. This explains the selection of medicine as one of the main priorities for the development of the state in the international scale for assessing the country’s competitiveness.
Advances in the field of medicine most clearly reflect the level of development of science in any country, and therefore success in the treatment of a particular disease becomes the subject of increased interest of the world community, and people’s interest in new methods of treating cancer cannot be compared with solving some difficult mathematical formula.
The 21st century began with rapid development information technologies and this factor radically changed a person’s life, making it more comfortable.
Internet and digital technologies They have firmly entered into human everyday life and it is already difficult to imagine human life without information and digital technologies.
In parallel with this, the face of the world has changed dramatically, walls that had existed for many years have collapsed, globalization has made the planet open and accessible to everyone.
Under these conditions, a completely new society began to form, free from prohibitions and total censorship. The openness of borders has made it possible to see problems within the country through a simple visual comparison of our system with any system in the world.
Many types of relationships between people have been radically transformed and deeply simplified.
In medicine, the development of communication technologies is very slow, since the industry is inherently conservative.
Historically, in the relationship between doctor and patient, the doctor has always occupied a dominant position, and all public institutions worked to idealize his profession and status. Any information on medicine that was trustworthy was communicated only to the doctor through special literature, and only simplified information in the form of reminders or warnings was available to the population.
Current conditions force us to change this stereotype. The fundamental principles of medicine need to be adapted to new, rapidly changing circumstances. Medicine is changing its form of relationship with the patient and is increasingly focused on his needs.
This is a global trend. In a highly educated society, patients receive information from all sources via the Internet and are sometimes more informed than some specialists. Therefore, the medical profession is no longer conceivable without constant self-improvement.
Constantly increasing demands on the medical profession from the population and high moral and legal liability are already causing a shortage of more than 5 million doctors in the world.
These features are also characteristic of the medicine of our republic, which is experiencing similar problems.
If we remember the 90s with a total shortage of everything: from basic medicines to hygiene products, when each patient went to hospital with his own bedding and bought everything that was needed for the operation, then, of course, in material terms, medicine has made a big leap. However, there was no criticism and wave of indignation that medicine is experiencing now.
So what happened now? In conditions when doctors have received modern equipment, and hospitals have become cleaner and brighter, why are there many complaints about the level of quality of medical services?
Let's try to figure this out.
First. The attitude of society and the state towards human health is the main foundation of the healthcare model.
What is a medical product, health or medical service? This is a central question that each healthcare model answers differently. If this is health, then how to determine its value? And if this is a service, then how much does it cost for the service of a cardiac surgeon who transplanted a donor heart or the services of a pediatrician who cured a viral infection in a child?
Any product can be touched, standardized, tasted, etc. How to assess a patient's condition after brain surgery? He remained alive and is able to take care of himself - is this a good indicator of his work? And if he died because the tumor was deep, then this means that the doctor did a bad job?
Also, does the fact that a smiling and polite professional is better than an aloof one? Those who know surgeons know that for the most part they are people of few words, because they know the cost of a medical error and human life. Therefore, this method of determining competence, characteristic of the service sector, such as trade, is unlikely to be applicable to medicine.
What plays the main role in maintaining health and how much does it depend on the doctor?
It is well known that the main component of maintaining health is the person’s attitude towards his own health. Every person knows from childhood that smoking is harmful because it causes cancer, you should not abuse alcohol - these are the causes of alcoholism and cirrhosis, etc. But how many people follow these basic rules?
Every day, and especially on holidays, the waiting rooms of our hospitals are filled with drunken, screaming, spitting and insulting patients with various injuries. The doctors patiently change their clothes, wash off the dirt and blood, operate, bandage them, etc.
At the same time, every patient believes that his illness is the most complex and deserves priority examination, just as every parent considers his child the most precious in the world, and each of them is absolutely sure that the doctor should pay attention only to him.
This is where one of the main problems of medicine lies - it does not fit into the standard laws of the market, since the subject of the product is too important and invaluable. When complex technologies were introduced into medicine and it became highly scientific, services naturally became more expensive. And today, hardly anyone is able to directly pay for the cost of this “good” if they have a serious illness. Therefore, this issue is always resolved at the expense of public funds or health insurance. But, having one or another model of medicine, at the same time it is necessary to accept its shortcomings. The budget model assumes free, accessible medical services for everyone, and this, in turn, means increased consumption of services by the population, the presence of queues, low quality and a chronic lack of money in the system.
If the model is insurance, then it allows access to full medical services only for a certain part of the population, depending on its income and the level of income determines the volume and types of services.
Therefore, today, in the civilized world there is no longer an absolutely budgetary or insurance model; almost all successful models are a symbiosis of these approaches with the administration of predominantly budgetary or insurance money.
Thus, we can conclude that the behavior of system participants also depends on the healthcare model and the methods of distributing these resources. If this is a budget model with strict rules for the distribution of money, guaranteeing everything and everyone for free, then it is necessary to recognize its shortcomings in the form of queues littered with papers from doctors receiving a fixed and very small salary.
The second most important reason is the lack of motivation among medical workers themselves for labor productivity. To ensure the socialist slogan of completely free medicine at the beginning of the last century, the Communist Party included medicine in the social bloc and established a residual principle of its financing.
Since then, a doctor’s salary has been set not for the result and quality of work, but for the amount of time spent in the hospital, that is, on an hourly basis.
Of course, in such a system you can work for days and days and receive a meager salary, and you can get it without burdening yourself with additional responsibility. To provide for the family and correspond to the status in such a system, the doctor has no choice but to take extra work in the form of duty, rates, or look for additional ways to receive rewards from patients.
There is no doubt that the engine of reform in any area is experienced and trained managers who know the basics of managing an enterprise or an entire industry. But today, with regret, it must be stated that the development of management in the regions often occurs according to subjective criteria.
Kazakhstan has emerged as a state with a dynamically developing economy. Policy of the Head of State in as soon as possible brought the country to the number of actively developing countries in the Central Asian region. High standards corresponding to the world level have been established in all sectors of the economy; they are implemented by advanced young people, trained under the presidential program in the best universities in the world and fluent in several languages.
And in this flow of the market economy, medicine has been preserved as a separate “island” of socialism, still living by the declarative slogans of Soviet social policy, where the work of a doctor is equal to the work of unqualified personnel in other areas of service provision.
Therefore, it is extremely important that the medical remuneration system meets international standards and depends only on the doctor’s competence and the quality of his work. And this is only possible in a market model of healthcare.
Therefore, we should welcome the fact that market principles will soon be established in medicine through the introduction of compulsory health insurance. In this case, the main part of the financing will be provided by the state, and the additional part will come from the funds of the employer and the employee himself.
In this regard, it should be noted that currently budget money is distributed to hospitals for each patient treated, and the financing system is absolutely identical to the insurance model. Therefore, when creating insurance fund and the transfer of budget funds and insurance payments to it, there will be no fundamental changes in the financing mechanism.
Another thing is that budget control with total reporting and subjectivity in determining the volume of financing, lack of motivation for savings and reinvestment have become a brake in the development of market relations in medicine. Therefore, the only way to establish the volume of hospital financing depending on the quality and service of the services provided is the introduction of compulsory health insurance, when every person will know for sure where it is better for him to go and what volume of medical care he is entitled to and how much it costs.
The third important factor is the image of the profession itself. The medical profession, like any other, is not immune to mistakes. It is impossible to train and educate in a short period of time good specialist in any area of medicine. Healing has always been an art, and this profession is considered as given by God. This is how representatives of this profession were treated, and every doctor, from Hippocrates and Avicenna to current representatives, left their knowledge to their students or in scientific treatises and books. Based personal experience and the knowledge received from their teachers, each doctor minimized mistakes and perfected his art.
A good doctor, like a good representative of any profession, is a one-off specimen and it is stupid to demand that everyone be a virtuoso. That's why main principle medicine “First of all, do no harm” is relevant in any era. Each link in medicine has its own invaluable role, and the effectiveness of the industry as a whole depends on how the relationships of these links in the system chain are built.
It is important to remember that the main actors in the system are the patient and the doctor. And any innovations in the industry that do not satisfy at least one of the parties are doomed to failure.
But, following this logic, the main link in medicine is the doctor, whose experience and professionalism is the main factor attracting patients. Therefore, the industry must create an environment for it professional growth and adequate wages.
However, significant changes have not yet occurred and only because the money received by the hospital through the activities of doctors and nurses is spent on large administrative expenses and the purchase of various equipment and medicines. As a result of this, a distorted situation was created where “top managers” of individual centers began to receive significant salaries while the professionals themselves received minimal earnings.
The development of hospitals towards independence and away from “enslaving” budgetary procedures involves a corporate management method, which is a very effective way to ensure the profitability of the organization. However, the management of a number of clinics, brought up by the old school, are, of course, still guided by outdated authoritarian methods of resource allocation.
When the question arises about the role of the doctor in society, it is probably necessary to remind everyone more often of the dry facts of statistics. Every day in the country over 2 thousand operations are performed, more than 1 thousand births are attended, over 420 thousand people are served in clinics and 18 thousand ambulance calls.
Every year, each surgeon in the country operates on about 200 emergency patients doomed to die without medical care, and thus, a surgeon with 30 years of experience brings 6,000 people back to life. There are about 60 thousand doctors in the country.
At the same time, you should always remember that any, even the smallest, manipulation in medicine has its own, albeit insignificant, percentage of complications, depending on the body’s reaction to this manipulation or injection.
Each, even small-scale operation on the abdominal cavity leaves its mark in the form of adhesions, and large-scale operations always have the risk of a more complex complication. Not a single sane surgeon will tell you that he is fluent in the technique of removing appendicitis, since there are as many options for its location and inflammation as there are individualities of the person himself.
But these complications are nothing compared to the fact that a person gets the opportunity to live, breathe and enjoy every day of his life.
Some aspects of medicine are philosophical in nature. For example, treating a cancer patient with some drugs costs several tens of millions of tenge, and it is well known that they prolong the life of a patient doomed to death by 2-5 years. A series of open-heart operations with partial replacement with an artificial one prolongs a person’s life by an average of 5 years. Some consider these expenses to be unreasonable and “thrown away.”
But, on the other hand, how much is a year of human life worth? And imagine that this patient is you or your loved one.
And, probably, we need to appreciate this happiness that we live in a country where the state provides these services and medications to its citizens free of charge.
Medicine is one of the few industries that works around the clock and 365 days a year, in any weather and time of day.
Now there is another panic with another infection called Ebola fever. Someone works in these outbreaks, treats these terminally ill patients, becomes infected and dies themselves. This someone is medical worker. There is no doubt that the virus will be neutralized and the world will soon forget about it, like many other deadly diseases.
Therefore, before scolding a professional doctor, it’s probably worth first taking off your hat to him.
Eric Bayzhunusov
And about General Director RSE on REM "Republican Center for Health Development"
Lesson Plan
Date of:
Class: 9
Subject: The role of medicine in our life
Target: Creating a language environment conducive to the repetition of lexical material on the topic “Health” and grammatical material, the development of speech abilities, and cultivating in students an interest in a healthy lifestyle
Lesson type: combined
Equipment: textbook, visual material
Organizational part (welcome, message of the purpose of the lesson).
T: Good morning children.
S: Good morning teacher.
T: Sit down please.
S: Thank you.
T: Today at the lesson we are going to revise grammar and lexical material we have learned within the theme “Medicine”. To do it we will listen to some dialogues, read texts and do crosswords. Can you tell me what material was new for you?
S: Modal verbs and present perfect tense.
T: You are quite right. Let's begin then.
Look at the screen. I have a monster. Describe it. Be careful and don’t forget about plural forms.
S: The monster has got...
T: Well done. Our next task is listening. You will hear the conversation twice and decide if the statements on the screen are TRUE or FALSE.
Statements on the screen:
The boy has got the flu.
The boy's back hurts.
The boy’s temperature is normal.
He must take tablets.
He should drink hot tea with lemon.
Let's first repeat some words you may need: (translate into Russian)
What's the matter?
How are you?
The flu
I have got the flu.
Back
Hurt
Temperature
Take tablets
You should
Tea with lemon
After the first listening, you can find out what the children understood and what words they did not understand.
After the second listening, work with statements begins. Strong students can be asked to correct the statements according to the text.
T: Great. Let's continue. Our next task is in AB. Open your AB, page 79, ex. 6. Look through the GRAMMAR HINT. What is the difference between the modal verbs must and should.
T: Good. What do you think, can we do without doctors?
S: Yes, sometimes we can.
T: I agree with you. In these cases we can use home medicine. What are these cases?
S: headache, a cold, a cut, a burn (not serious).
T: Yes. Do you use home medicine&
S: Yes, I do.
T: What home medicine do you use?
S: tea with lemon, warm compress and so on.
T: I offer you to read a text and learn about some other home medicine.
Read the text and match illnesses and advice. Be attentive. (combine diseases and methods of treating them).
T: Super. Are you tired? Let's play to have the rest. Tell us about your problem. And your friends will give you advice. You can also mime your problem.
Try using modal verbs, imperatives, and negative sentences.
S: I've got a cold. – Consult a doctor. (or You should consult a doctor).
T: You are so artistic. Have you ever had an appendicitis?
S: Yes, I have.
T: And you?
S: No, I haven’t.
T: What tense do we use to tell about what we have had?
S: Present perfect.
T: right. How is it formed?
S: have/has+the third form of the verb
T: Yes, quite right. Tell me about health problems you have ever had.
S: I have had a cold this month.
T: Do the exercise 7 on the page 79 in your Activity Books. Well done. I think you have been working well today and so you deserve a prize. I know you like crosswords. I have a crossword for you. Do it, please.