What is semolina syndrome in the stomach? Pathogenesis and therapy of semolina syndrome

Gastritis of the atrophic type is an inflammatory process that has a destructive effect on the cells of the gastric mucosa.

The first stage of this disease is characterized by chronic discomfort that is constantly felt in the abdominal area.

The second stage is characterized by the formation of small erosions of the mucous membrane of this organ, as well as difficult fermentation, which negatively affects the digestive process.

The third stage of atrophic gastritis is marked by processes responsible for the structural restructuring of mucosal cells, provoking the appearance of pathologies such as intestinal, villous, pancreatic metaplasia, pyloric metaplasia of the fundic glands, epithelial dysplasia, etc.

All these diseases negatively affect a person’s well-being, prevent him from living his normal life and require long-term, serious treatment aimed at restoring the normal functioning of the digestive system.

As you know, the cause of gastritis is often increased acidity gastric juice. However, it is worth noting: this symptom is characteristic only of the onset of the disease.

In chronic gastritis, which is observed mainly in elderly patients, acidity is not increased, but extremely low.

The presence of low stomach acidity is not the norm; such a symptom also requires special treatment.

Doctors involved in research into the causes of low acidity, characteristic of chronic atrophic antral gastritis, believe that the following problems can cause it:

• various autoimmune diseases that provoke persistent production of antibodies to healthy stomach cells that produce hydrochloric acid;
• infection of the body by bacteria Helicobacter pylori;
• concomitant diseases localized in the gastrointestinal tract (enterocolitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, etc.);
• unhealthy eating behavior;
• long-term treatment with drugs, the side effects of which are the destruction of intestinal microflora;
• severe alcohol intoxication.

Symptoms that are observed with antral chronic gastritis with low acidity stomach:

1. heaviness in the stomach after eating;
2. pain that has a dull, aching character;
3. belching;
4. diarrhea and constipation, replacing each other;
5. increased fatigue;
6. poor sleep, problems falling asleep.

How to treat atrophic gastritis?

For chronic atrophic gastritis, accompanied by low stomach acidity, the body does not receive even half of the nutrients from the food it eats.

Due to lack of vitamins and minerals, a person suffering from this disease becomes lethargic and inactive.

Therefore, nutrition that is prescribed for atrophic chronic gastritis should be aimed at restoring these losses.

The diet for atrophic gastritis in the first days after its discovery is standard. A person suffering from this disease must adhere to the menu indicated in the framework of “Treatment Table No. 1 (B)”, which implies the consumption of light, pureed, high-calorie, but not fatty foods.

From the second week you can move on to “ Treatment table No. 1" and eat the foods and dishes listed in it.

Treatment of atrophic gastritis should be aimed not only at eliminating inflammatory processes and neutralizing an increased or decreased gastric environment, but also at restoring the balance of nutrients in the body.

The easiest way to carry out such treatment is in stages. First you need to get rid of the main problem, and only after that move on to eliminating its consequences.

Drug treatment of atrophic gastritis is aimed at:

• pain relief (anticholinergics “Metacin”, “Gastrotsepin” and antispasmodics “No-Shpa” and “Papaverine”);
• regulation of gastric motility (“Cerucal”, “Motilium”);
• normalization of production digestive enzymes(“Mezim”, “Creon”, “Pancreatin”);
• replenishing the lack of vitamins and minerals (especially B vitamins and iron).

If chronic gastritis is accompanied by increased or decreased acidity of the stomach, then this problem can be eliminated with the help of replacement therapy such drugs as "Abomin", "Pepsidil", "Acidin-pepsin".

Nutrition for chronic atrophic gastritis

The diet for focal atrophic gastritis involves avoiding the following food groups:

• fatty meats, fish and poultry (including broths cooked with them);
• legumes, cereals and nuts;
• baked goods and sweets;
• caviar and mushrooms;
• smoked, salted, pickled and canned food;
• coffee, black tea, alcohol, juices and carbonated drinks.

For gastritis with increased acidity stomach, the consumption of fermented milk products is not recommended.

In case of a disease characterized by low stomach acidity, these products are allowed to be consumed.

Foods allowed for chronic atrophic gastritis:

• lean varieties of meat, fish and poultry (when preparing such food, you should remove skin, bones, fat and tendons);
• porridges cooked from buckwheat, rice and semolina in water or water and milk (in a 2:1 ratio);
• stewed, boiled or baked vegetables (potatoes, cabbage, carrots, zucchini);
• milk, cheese and low-fat cottage cheese;
• herbal teas, jelly and compotes prepared from non-acidic fruits and berries.

Treatment of chronic gastritis of the atrophic type involves strict adherence to such a diet.

To normalize the functioning of the body's digestive system, with chronic gastritis you should eat frequently, eating foods in small portions.

In addition, if you have a disease, you should reduce your fluid intake by half the usual amount.

The total amount of soups, teas, jelly and ordinary clean water consumed per day should not exceed one and a half liters.

All food eaten as part of the diet should be warm. Also, do not get carried away with hot tea or cold drinks.

A sharp increase or decrease in temperature in the stomach can negatively affect your recovery process.

Treatment of atrophic gastritis that has developed into chronic stage– complex and Long procces. On average, such therapy takes two or three months.

A diet for atrophic gastritis reduces the load on the gastrointestinal tract and speeds up the human recovery process.

You can familiarize yourself in detail with the list of permitted and prohibited products in a conversation with a gastroenterologist who treats gastrointestinal problems.

Of course, you can fight high or low stomach acidity with the help of special medications, but it is still better to do this by adjusting your eating behavior and adhering to a special menu.

If symptoms of the disease are detected, you should immediately contact a gastroenterologist. Only in this case can you prevent large-scale spread of inflammation of the gastric mucosa and avoid the unpleasant consequences of this problem.

Tongue cancer is a malignant tumor that affects the body of the tongue and destroys its tissue. Like any oncological disease, tongue cancer requires competent and immediate treatment. The difficulty is that at first it can be practically asymptomatic, or the symptoms can be confused with signs of another disease: tonsillitis, caries.

Symptoms of tongue cancer

Let's look at the main symptoms of tongue cancer:

• Pain in the tongue area and oral cavity generally. This symptom can occur both at the last stage of the disease and at the initial stage. At first the pain is not severe, but at stages 3-4 of cancer the pain becomes very noticeable. It hurts not only when swallowing and speaking, but also when at rest. If metastases have already reached the lymph nodes, pain may also be in the neck, ears, areas of the head.
• Ulcers. Quite often, with tongue cancer, patients complain of the presence of a painful ulcer on the tongue. Even before contacting a doctor, patients begin to treat it on their own with various ointments and lotions, mistaking the dangerous disease for simple inflammation from the bite (or as people say, pip). However, despite this, the ulcer does not heal. Usually the ulcers are small, no more than 1 cm, but during the course of the disease they can grow.
• Compaction of part of the tongue. This symptom is detected by palpation and examination by a dentist. Part of the tongue becomes hard to the touch and loses sensitivity. The mucous membrane in this area may become thinner.
• Pungent odor from the mouth. If the disease is at a fairly advanced stage, the tissue of the tongue dies in the place where it is located. cancer tumor(ulcer). In this case, the smell from the mouth is even more than unpleasant.
• Difficulty opening the mouth. If the cancerous node is located on the back of the tongue, it will especially make it difficult to speak, swallow food, saliva, and generally manipulate the tongue and jaw in any way. Cancer, as is known, promotes the growth of metastases to other organs of the body, and the throat, palate, and lymph nodes may also suffer. Muscles, skin, teeth are destroyed.
• Difficulty eating. The tumor can reach a large size, cause tissue swelling, and painful sensations when swallowing. At an advanced stage, eating becomes completely impossible.
• Swelling of the neck and face. This is a sign of tissue swelling, inflammatory processes provoked by cancer cells. Lymph nodes in the neck area may also become hard and painful.

Causes and diagnosis of tongue cancer

Tongue cancer occurs in women 6 times less often than in men. It is difficult to say what is the reason for such statistics. It may be that men are more likely to be addicted to bad habits or with occupations hazardous to health. It would seem that detecting tongue cancer is not difficult, because it is on the surface and is clearly visible. But unfortunately, when it is already quite clearly visible and palpable, this is far from the initial stage.

A person does not always go to the doctor with mild pain, lumps and ulcers. Sometimes a doctor may make an incorrect diagnosis because a cancerous neoplasm looks like an inflammatory process from mechanical damage or a symptom purulent sore throat. The doctor is obliged to identify the presence of hereditary burden, collect anamnesis, and also conduct an instrumental examination using mirrors, if required. The presence of metastases is determined using a lymph node biopsy, CT scan, and MRI of the brain. The ultrasound result will tell you how much the tumor has grown. It is also necessary to carry out cytological analysis tumors. What could lead to this terrible disease like tongue cancer?

1. Systematic smoking and alcohol abuse. Many people do not believe that smoking can lead to tongue cancer; they believe that this is a myth to intimidate teenagers who smoke. However, the reality is that it is the carcinogens released with cigarette smoke that provoke the development of this disease. And alcohol significantly worsens their effect and increases the risk of cancer by 2 times.
2. Permanent injury to the mucous membrane of the tongue. A place that is constantly injured becomes potentially dangerous and also accessible to bacteria and infections. This applies to constant biting of the tongue in the same place, damage to the mucous membrane by the edge of the tooth or poor-quality dentures.
3. Chronic viral infection caused by human papillomavirus, herpes virus, HIV. All of the above affects the development of cancer cells and requires special attention and observation, as well as systematic examination.
4. Hereditary predisposition. Of course, this does not mean that if one of your relatives suffered from cancer, then now you cannot avoid it either. You just need to remember that there is a potential danger, so it is important to avoid provoking factors and keep the body in shape.

Course of the disease

The disease may have various symptoms, but the progression of the disease is always approximately the same. There are three stages in the course of the disease:

1. initial stage. It can occur in three various forms: ulcerative, nodular and papillary. The ulcerative form is more common than others and proceeds more slowly. Knotty shape manifests itself in the form of compactions on the body of the tongue, the so-called cancerous nodules. Papillary form characterized by the presence of outgrowths on the tongue. They are usually dense light color. The initial stage is sometimes completely asymptomatic and may be accompanied by the appearance of light spots on the tongue, which can be confused with plaque, thickening or redness. The lymph nodes under the jaw may become enlarged and sometimes become painful when touched.
2. Stage of cancer development. During this stage, numerous symptoms begin to appear, such as intense pain, radiating to the temporal region and ears, bad smell from the mouth, drooling. There may be no pain even with a fairly large tumor. They manifest themselves individually. Ulcers can be either flat or in the form of cracks. The crevice form of the tumor, as a rule, has a more malignant nature. At the same stage, there is difficulty swallowing, partial numbness of the tissues of the tongue, pain in the throat, as with a sore throat, the inability to clearly pronounce sounds, and the tongue may bleed.
3. Advanced stage of tongue cancer. At this stage, the cancer has already spread sufficiently and has begun to actively destroy nearby tissues. Cancer of the back of the tongue is more malignant than cancer of the front part and is much more difficult to cure. Cancer cells multiply quickly, there are distant metastases in bones, brain, lungs.

In some cases, the disease progresses quickly; tongue cancer is generally characterized by fast growth, therefore, it is important to do a timely examination, make a correct diagnosis and begin treatment. The earlier the disease is detected, the greater the chances of achieving positive result. Moreover, you should not diagnose yourself via the Internet by comparing yourself with pictures. It is better to trust a professional; only he can make a correct and accurate diagnosis.

Often tongue cancer is preceded by various diseases that cause thinning of the mucous membrane of the tongue, such as leukokeratoses, ulcers, fissures of the tongue, hemangiomas.

Treatment of tongue cancer

Treatment is prescribed depending on the stage of the disease and general condition body. It is very difficult to cure any cancer, so it is extremely important to follow all the doctor’s recommendations and undergo regular examinations, even if the disease has been defeated. Treatment for tongue cancer is possible and can occur without complications if the diagnosis is made on time and correctly. Of course, the patient’s mood, his general well-being and desire to follow all the doctor’s recommendations play a big role. Inaction and the resulting depression can significantly worsen the situation.

Most often used in the treatment of tongue cancer complex methods treatment. Radiation therapy treatment is used as a separate method or as part of complex therapy. Radiation therapy is a local effect on cancer cells with ion radiation. At the beginning of the disease, contact gamma therapy is usually used, in the final stages - remote therapy (in a specially designated room). Radiation therapy alone may be effective if there are no metastases. However, when radiation therapy Healthy cells also die, and facial burns are possible.

Chemotherapy is an aggressive treatment that involves taking chemotherapy drugs that kill cancer cells. Essentially, this is the introduction of toxic substances into the body intravenously or intramuscularly. These substances affect all cells of the body, but younger cancer cells die first. Of course they are possible side effects. To allow the body to recover, chemotherapy is carried out in courses.

When especially severe course disease, surgical intervention is possible. At the initial manifestation of a tongue cancer tumor, excision of parts or organs of the oral cavity is used. If the percentage of metastases in nearby organs is high enough, they resort to removing the entire area affected by the tumor. Usually surgical method used if the source of the disease cannot be approached and if the tumor affects the floor of the oral cavity.

If there are metastases in the lymph nodes under the jaw, then no sooner than 2 weeks after removal of the tumor itself, a Crail operation is performed. It consists of removing the lymph nodes using a special technique, which is considered the best in this area at the moment.

Consequences of tongue cancer and its prevention

There is no exact recipe for what to do to avoid cancer. However general strengthening body, playing sports, and a healthy lifestyle will not hurt anyone. This will reduce the likelihood of cancer. Try not to get burned by hot food or liquid, or to injure the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. It is also necessary to carefully monitor oral hygiene: brush your teeth at least twice a day, but do not damage your gums, so as not to cause inflammation.

When brushing your teeth, it is important to brush your tongue too. It is advisable to avoid caries, tartar, inflammation and bleeding gums. It is also necessary to select high-quality dentures, monitor the treatment of fillings after their installation, and treat dental chips. In short, the more often you visit the dentist, the better. The doctor can promptly replace tumors on the tongue or palate and refer you to an oncologist. Consequences can occur both after the disease itself and after treatment:

• Removal of part or complete amputation of the tongue. This is an extreme measure, used only in particularly severe cases of the disease. The percentage of operations is not so high, often modern medicine allows you to avoid this.
• Weakening of the body after radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The consequences of cancer treatment can be very severe.
• Immunity is noticeably reduced, so during treatment you should try to avoid infections. Chemotherapy can cause damage to the heart, liver, kidneys, hair loss, nails and teeth deterioration.
• Pronunciation difficulties. Already on initial stage problems arise with diction, in case surgical intervention they last a lifetime. It may be advisable to see a speech therapist. It won’t completely fix the problem, but it will help make speech more understandable.
• Impaired sense of taste. The tongue may be partially numb, taste sensations change or disappear altogether. Sometimes this symptom persists even after treatment ends.
• Death. Of course, the most frightening and sad outcome cancer is death.

Despite the fact that progress does not stand still and medicine is constantly making new discoveries, no one has yet been able to completely defeat cancer. Sometimes the tumor turns out to be inoperable, the body rejects treatment, and all this inevitably leads to dire consequences.

Types of tongue cancer

Cancer can affect different parts of the tongue. There are 3 types of tongue cancer:

• Cancer of the root of the tongue ranks second in frequency of occurrence (among types of tongue cancer). It is not so easy to diagnose, because the root of the tongue cannot be palpated and is difficult to see. The patient feels that he has a sore throat, like a cold, there are discomfort while swallowing. However, in addition to pain, other signs appear: bad breath, enlarged and painful lymph nodes, bleeding ulcers. Cancer of the root of the tongue occurs quickly and quite aggressively. The tumor can affect not only the tongue itself, but also the auditory nerve, and cachexia develops over time.
• Cancer of the lower surface of the tongue is rare. It is usually accompanied by growths, lumps or ulcers on the lower part of the tongue, as well as the lower jaw. The tumor grows into muscle tissue. Pain is felt on the body of the tongue, in the lower jaw, head, neck. Tumors are usually infiltrative in nature.
• Cancer of the body of the tongue. This is the most common variety. It is easy to notice during a dental examination. At first, ulcers and spots on the tongue can be confused with ordinary inflammation or mechanical damage. The tumor can be located on the tip or side of the tongue, or spread over the entire surface. If the ulcers are located on the side, in the final stages there may be immobility of the tongue.

There are three forms of tongue cancer, which were already mentioned above:

1. The ulcerative form is accompanied by the appearance of non-healing ulcers on the surface of the tongue. They may be small in size and bleed periodically.
2. The infiltrative form is the appearance of dense formations in the body of the tongue. They may be painful, but painful sensations may be absent.
3. Papillary form - the formation of papillomas on the body of the tongue. They have a papillary surface and can be dense or soft.

Depending on how the tumor grows, there are 2 types of tongue cancer. An exophytic tumor protrudes into the lumen of the oral cavity; in appearance it looks like a tubercle or growth. An endophytic tumor grows inside the body of the tongue; it looks more like a compaction.

Don't miss the onset of the disease! Thematic video material will tell you about the symptoms of tongue cancer:

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Porridges that coat your stomach

For gastric diseases, the patient is prescribed drug therapy, which is carried out in combination with proper nutrition. The diet excludes heavy, fatty, fried and peppered foods. The patient's diet should be dominated by steamed and boiled vegetables, meat, as well as cereals that envelop the gastric mucosa: millet, oatmeal, buckwheat, rice. Cereals contain a large number of vegetable fats, fiber, proteins and microelements necessary for gastric diseases.

Healthy porridges that envelop the stomach

The benefits of porridge for stomach ailments are due to the following factors:

• there is no need for long chewing;
• does not irritate the mucous membrane of the organ;
• digests quickly and does not overload the stomach;
• Provides the body with healthy carbohydrates, vitamins and vegetable proteins.

Porridge envelops the gastric mucosa and facilitates the course of the disease. Thus, the following cereals should predominate in the patient’s diet: buckwheat, oatmeal, pearl barley, rice, semolina and millet.

Properly prepared porridges can normalize digestion and regulate bowel movements.

Millet porridge is rarely consumed, even despite its usefulness. It has the ability to control the metabolic process, contains vitamin D and a large amount of vitamins B, A, PP. Natural fiber and varieties of starch and amino acids make millet porridge necessary for diseases of the intestines and stomach.

Buckwheat has a huge amount of essential amino acids, their number reaches eighteen. This protein dietary product indicated for diseases gastrointestinal tract. Buckwheat is used to prepare side dishes; at the acute stage, it is boiled and ground. At the remission stage, it is allowed to include buckwheat in meatballs and stuff vegetables with it, and eat it as a separate side dish with a piece of butter.

What are the benefits of oatmeal?

Oatmeal, unlike millet groats, is the most popular dish. Its benefits are due to phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, choline, zinc and a large number of other useful components that make up the cereal. The tightening properties of oatmeal can create a protective film on the walls of the stomach, which prevents the impact of negative factors on the organ.

Oatmeal is cooked in water to a boiled consistency and rubbed through a strainer or whipped with a blender. At the stage of remission of the disease, you can prepare oatmeal with whole milk, adding butter to the dish. Oatmeal is prescribed to the patient from the first days of treatment, as it is able to restore protective forces. When the patient's condition improves, he is allowed to add fruit to the oatmeal.

The benefits of semolina porridge

When your stomach hurts, you should exclude heavy meals and include easily digestible foods, such as semolina porridge. It should be cooked until fully cooked and has a semi-liquid consistency. At acute phase For diseases, semolina is boiled in water without adding salt and oil. Pureed semolina has enveloping effects, is easily digestible and does not cause intestinal spasms, and is used for ulcers and gastritis.

Rice

Diseases associated with the stomach and other organs of the digestive system occur in most cases after overuse harmful products. Accordingly, treatment mainly consists of proper nutrition. The patient is prescribed different kinds porridge, including rice. The cereal contains eight amino acids, 8 percent protein and does not contain gluten, which contributes to an allergic reaction.

For stomach diseases, rice is used to cook porridge and prepare decoctions that have a strengthening and cleansing effect. In addition, rice is added to meat souffles, fish cutlets and meatballs. Cooked rice in water does not increase gastric secretion; it is allowed both at the stage of remission and during exacerbation of the disease. For the dietary menu, it is better to choose polished white rice, which is boiled and does not irritate the damaged mucous layers of the organ walls.

Pearl barley

Pearl barley has a high nutritional value and thanks to this it is used for stomach diseases. Barley contains amino acids, vitamins A, B, E, PP, phosphorus, manganese, copper, iron and other trace elements, fiber and protein.

A decoction is made from pearl barley, which has a softening effect. Barley porridge is cooked in water until completely boiled, after which it is ground or crushed in a blender. However, pearl barley has contraindications; it is not recommended for use in cases of high acidity of the stomach and in patients with a tendency to constipation and painful gas formation.

If a person has been diagnosed with inflammation duodenum, symptoms and treatment depend on the causes that provoked the disease. A disease involving inflammatory processes in the duodenum is called duodenitis.

The inflammatory process is provoked by gastritis, cholecystitis, and pancreatic diseases. Taking these factors into account, the doctor selects the appropriate drug therapy.

Causes of inflammation of the duodenum

Before treating the duodenum, It is important to find out the causes of the disease.

Most often, the onset of the disease is associated with the production of high concentration gastric juice, which comes from the stomach. It causes severe irritation and serious inflammation.

Duodenitis may appear due to poor passage of undigested food in the duodenum, which accumulates in its upper section. This is due to decreased tone of the organ. Food masses begin to irritate the mucous membrane, causing infection and inflammation.

Duodenal disease develops for the following reasons:

• due to food poisoning;
• due to alcohol abuse;
• at frequent use marinades and spicy foods;
• if happened mechanical damage mucous membrane;
• with hepatitis;
• cholecystitis;
• with Crohn's disease;
• if blood circulation is impaired;
• for chronic diarrhea;
• with neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract.

Duodenitis provokes bacterial infection duodenum, if the cause of gastritis is Helicobacter pylori. Bacteria actively multiply in gastric juice with high acidity, since such microflora is an ideal environment for reproduction.

If treatment is not timely, microorganisms will soon provoke a pre-ulcerative condition, which over time develops into a duodenal ulcer.

Symptoms

As the disease develops, the patient does not even suspect where he is and how much it hurts.

And only over time the following signs are observed:

If duodenal disease is not detected, an ulcerative process begins, mucosal hyperemia is observed, and pathological changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract.

Diagnosis of inflammation of the duodenum

Before you figure out what to do and what drug therapy to prescribe for duodenal disease, the doctor refers the patient to undergo diagnostic procedures.

1. An ultrasound is prescribed to identify pathologies of organs, their changes and the presence of formations.
2. EGD is the main procedure that allows you to examine the gastrointestinal tract for the presence of inflammatory processes and pathological changes in the duodenum.
3. X-rays using a contrast agent can reveal defects in the digestive system.
4. The patient may be prescribed an endoscopy with the collection of biomaterial to identify the tumor.
5. Taking gastric juice will allow you to study the acidity and composition.
6. If a duodenal infection is suspected, a Helicobacter pylori test is performed.
7. Using a coprogram, stool is examined.
8. The patient gives general analysis blood and antibody testing.

Classification

Duodenitis is divided into several types, which differ in the presence of the pathogen, the course of the disease and the location.

By etiologyduodenitis is divided into 2 types:

1. Acute, in which the symptoms of duodenal disease are pronounced. Signs of the disease appear unexpectedly and have a short course.
2. last for many years. With this form, the symptoms are mild and appear in most cases due to other pathologies of the digestive system.

Depending on the location, duodenitis can be:

1. Diffuse with multiple inflammatory foci in the duodenum.
2. Local with minor inflammations that resemble papillae on the walls of the duodenum.

According to the depth of the lesion:

1. Superficial, in which swelling or hyperemia is observed.
2. Interstitial, which affects the deep layers of tissue.
3. Atrophic, when the mucous membrane is absent or its severe thinning is noticeable.
4. Erosive, which is characterized by wounds and erosions on the walls of the duodenum.

Drug treatment

Painkillers - Medicines can relieve attacks of pain. The most recommended are:

• Papaverine;
• No-shpa;
• Drotaverine.

Antacids - Designed to restore acidity:

• Omeprazole;
• Almagel.

Enveloping tablets - They are prescribed to protect the mucous membrane of the duodenum and stomach. Effective are:

• De-Nol;
• Vis-Nol.

Antibiotics - If Helicobacter is present, the following is prescribed:

• Flemoxin solutab.

Motor stimulants - Medicines help increase intestinal motility:

• Maalox;
• Domperidone.

Anticholinergics - Allows you to reduce or completely eliminate unpleasant sensations. These include:

• Gastrocepin;
• Atropine.

Antacids and enterosorbents - They have protective properties, protecting the duodenal mucosa from damage. These are drugs such as:

• Enterosgel;
• Phosphalugel.

Anti-inflammatory - They have a healing effect and have an anti-inflammatory effect:

• Methyluracil;
• Duogastron.

Dopamine blockers - Eliminate vomiting and improve motor skills:

• Raglan;
• Cerucal.

Sedatives - Medicines that have a sedative effect:

• Valerian;
• Sedavit;
• Tozepam;
• Phenozepam.

Video - inflammation of the duodenum

Physiotherapy for duodenal inflammation

The use of physiotherapeutic procedures will help cure the disease. This method is used when duodenal disease is not in the acute phase.

• ultrasound treatment;
• magnetic therapy;
• diadynamic therapy;
• warming up using medicines epigestral zone.

ethnoscience

Folk remedies can be used in children and during pregnancy.

1. Pick 2-3 lower leaves of aloe, which is at least 3 years old. Grind the leaves, add 250 g of red wine and 500 g of honey to the mixture. Place the mixture in a glass container and mix everything. Leave for 10 days. Take a teaspoon after meals three times a day. The course of treatment is 3 months.

2. Buy propolis tincture at the pharmacy. Before meals, add to warm milk 15 drops and drink. Treatment is carried out for 2-3 weeks.

3. Peel the potatoes and grate them. Squeeze the juice and drink it a teaspoon at a time if you experience pain.

4. Sea buckthorn oil has a powerful wound healing effect. It must be drunk three times a day.

Diet for inflammation of the duodenum

A diet for inflammation restores the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. It is necessary to completely abandon following products power supply:

You can only eat food in small portions. Its consistency should be liquid or mushy. Food should be warm. Food can only be boiled or steamed.

It is important to follow a strict diet acute period illness within 2 weeks. If the disease is chronic, it is necessary to adhere to the diet constantly.

The basis of prevention for duodenitis is proper nutrition. It is impossible to stop the progression of the disease with medications alone. Any failure in the diet sooner or later leads to a relapse, and subsequently to a duodenal ulcer.

The duodenum is the initial section of the small intestine, which follows the stomach and receives the acidic contents of the latter. Inflammation of the duodenum is called duodenitis , and it is rarely isolated (more often it occurs together with).

Gastritis , duodenitis and - common acid-dependent diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. They develop when the balance of aggressive and protective factors of the mucous membrane is disturbed. One of the factors of aggression is Helicobacter pyloricus. Acidification of the intestinal lumen in combination with infection Helicobacter pylori, causes inflammation. A factor that provokes the disease is duodenostasis (impaired passage of food through the duodenum). Presence N. pylori increases the sensitivity of the mucous membrane to action of hydrochloric acid and predisposes to the appearance of mucosal erosion. Chronic duodenitis often the result of poor nutrition.

The patient has complaints similar to those of peptic ulcer: pain in the right hypochondrium, intensifying 1.5 hours after eating, night pain, belching, nausea,. Nausea indicates an increase in pressure in the duodenum, which occurs when the evacuation function of the stomach and intestines is impaired. During treatment of this disease attention is also paid to nutrition.

For inflammation of the duodenum, therapeutic nutrition is aimed at reducing inflammation. This is achieved by excluding from the diet dishes and products that have an irritating effect (spices, herbs, coarse vegetables, smoked foods, fatty foods, pickles, refractory fats, fatty meats and fish). Eating pureed foods and frequent meals in small portions causes mechanical sparing of the mucous membrane. It has been noted that eating gentle food according to the regimen significantly reduces inflammation. The physiological content of protein in the diet promotes scarring of erosions.

The purpose of a particular diet depends on the severity of the process ( catarrh or erosion) and acidity of gastric juice. For gastroduodenitis with high acidity, the table is prescribed first, then and, for secretory insufficiency -. Consistently prescribing a more gentle diet No. 1A (up to 7 days), 1B (up to 14 days) and №1 (up to 6 months) gradually prepares the gastrointestinal tract and promotes longer remission. It should be noted that most often duodenitis occurs against the background of increased secretory activity of the stomach.

Diet for erosion The duodenum should be more gentle, especially at first, so it would be reasonable to prescribe Table No. 1A for up to 7 days. This diet is unbalanced and low in calories (1800-1900 kcal). It has a reduced amount of proteins and fats (up to 80 g) and limited carbohydrates (up to 200 g).

• 6 meals a day are provided with limited food intake at one time.
• Food is prepared in liquid and mushy form. All dishes are boiled, pureed and diluted to a semi-liquid state with water.
• Puree soups made from oatmeal, semolina, rice or flour for baby food. Cream, egg-milk mixture and butter are added to soups.
• Meat and fish dishes (steam soufflé) are consumed once a day. To do this, boiled meat or fish is passed through a meat grinder or beaten in a blender and a soufflé is prepared.
• Porridge (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice) is prepared in water or milk, pureed and butter is added.
• Fruit jelly (the fruit itself cannot be consumed).
• Milk, calcined cottage cheese, milk jelly.
• Steam omelet or soft-boiled eggs (daily or every other day).
• Secretion agents (marinades, strong tea, any broths, fish soup, coffee, carbonated drinks, mustard, alcohol) and irritants (fried foods, tough meat, mushrooms, poultry and fish skin, any vegetables and fruits) are excluded.
• Eating cold and hot foods is prohibited.

When the process subsides, the diet for inflammation of the duodenum expands and is organized in areas Table No. 1B . The following are included in the diet:

• Puree food.
• Meat and fish dishes in the form steam cutlets, quenelles, puree.
• Vegetable and fruit purees (canned baby food).
• Some vegetables (potatoes, carrots, beets) in the form of puree.
• Broths are still excluded, rough products, mushrooms, marinades, pickles, tough meat, fish and chicken with skin, spices, seasonings, fried foods.
• Meals 6 times a day.

This diet increases the amount of protein and fat to 100 g, as well as the total calorie content. Protein is replenished through dairy products, as they are more easily digestible. New products (vegetables) and dishes prepared using a different technology (cutlets, dumplings, purees) were introduced. The duration of compliance with this diet is individual - it depends on the patient’s condition (10-30 days).

With transition to main Table No. 1 , which is observed for 3-6 months, the principles of sparing the gastrointestinal tract organs are also preserved, but moderate, and it is also recommended fractional meals. Excluded and recommended products are described in more detail below.

Authorized Products

• Lean meat (beef, pork, chicken, turkey) is used for preparing steam and boiled dishes. These can be cutlets, dumplings, mashed potatoes, soufflés, zrazy, meatballs and beef stroganoff (the meat is first boiled), or oven-baked meat.
• Allowed Not fatty fish boiled, baked or chopped form(cutlets, meatballs, meatballs, zrazy). The skin should be removed from the fish.
• The first courses are prepared in vegetable broth with well-cooked and pureed cereals and vegetables.
• You can prepare milk soups from thin vermicelli, soups with the addition of pureed meat.
• Additionally, egg-milk mixture and butter are added to soups.
• The allowed cereals are rice, semolina, buckwheat or oatmeal. Porridge is cooked in milk or water, and you need to boil it well and grind it (buckwheat can be pureed). You can eat boiled thin vermicelli and noodles. Puddings are made from boiled and well-mashed cereals, adding cottage cheese and baking without a pronounced crust.
• Dried or stale wheat bread. You can eat biscuits, low-fat cookies and, rarely, baked pies (the filling is made from cottage cheese, peeled apples, jam, boiled meat or fish).
• Potatoes, beets, green pea, cauliflower is added to soups, and also served as a side dish, boiled and pureed. Pumpkin and zucchini can be eaten raw, as they are low in fiber. Butter and vegetable oils are added to prepared vegetable dishes.
• Milk and non-sour dairy products can be consumed in its natural form. Milk and cream are added when preparing porridges and cream soups. Fresh non-sour cottage cheese can be eaten in its natural form or used to make casseroles, cheesecakes (in the oven), puddings and lazy dumplings. Mild cheese in grated form is introduced into the diet.
• Twice a week you are allowed to eat soft-boiled eggs or omelettes.
• Desserts are prepared from pureed berries (puree, jelly, sambuca, jelly, compotes); all sweet berries and fruits can be consumed in baked form. Milk jelly, non-sour jam, meringues, marshmallows, marshmallows, and honey are allowed. Fruit juices, tea with milk or cream, rosehip infusion, weak coffee with cream.

Table of permitted products

Fully or partially limited products

• Avoid coarse vegetables rich in fiber (white cabbage, radishes, turnips, beans, peas, rutabaga), as well as raw fruits with peel.
• Sorrel, dill, parsley, spinach, and onions are excluded from vegetables and herbs, as they contain a large amount organic acids or annoying essential oils. Mushrooms are prohibited as a difficult to digest product.
• Products with connective tissue (meaning cartilage, skin and veins).
• Fatty pork, animal fats, duck, lamb, canned meat, goose, fatty fish, smoked meats, canned fish.
• Highly extractive broths and strong decoctions of vegetables, cabbage soup, okroshka and borscht. Pickled and pickled vegetables, canned vegetables - all these products cause an increase in secretion.
• On long time(up to six months) millet, barley, pearl barley and corn grits as difficult to digest.
• All sauces and seasonings that irritate the mucous membranes - tomato sauce, horseradish, meat sauce, mustard, mayonnaise, pepper, vinegar, horseradish.
• Fried and hard-boiled eggs take a long time to digest and are poorly absorbed, so they are excluded from the diet.
• You should not eat fresh bread and pastries, puff pastry products, chocolate, dried fruits, or ice cream.
• Sour fruits and berries are excluded as products that stimulate secretion.

Table of prohibited products

* data is per 100 g of product

Menu (Power Mode)

The First Table is a physiologically complete diet that can be adhered to constantly. However, it slightly reduces the amount of food taken at one time. The basis of this table is pureed soups. They are boiled in water, adding cereals, potatoes and carrots, pureed and butter added.

For meat dishes, steaming or boiling in a water bath is preferable (soufflés, puddings, as well as omelettes, egg porridge). To remove extractive substances from meat or fish, they need to be cooked in small pieces, draining the first broth and bringing it to readiness in new water.

In adolescents, during X-ray examination of the duodenum, the most common signs were deformation of the bulb, spastic phenomena and accelerated peristalsis of the duodenum. These radiological changes, especially in the presence of a clinical picture characteristic of duodenal ulcer and hyperchlorhydria, not without reason, guided the doctor to diagnose duodenal ulcer. However, with a thorough clinical examination of adolescents using highly informative methods Studies (ultrasound, endoscopy, cholecystography, polarography) did not reveal ulcerative lesions of the duodenum. In this case, biliary dyskinesia, cholecystitis, insufficiency and hiatal hernia were often detected.

The following clinical observation can serve as an illustration of what has been said.

Patient M., 18 years old, was admitted for examination with a syndrome characteristic of duodenal ulcer (“hungry”, night pain localized in the epigastric region, more on the right, heartburn, belching of air). I had been ill for about a year when the pain described above appeared. An X-ray examination carried out at that time revealed no pathological changes in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Diet and antiulcer therapy (antacids, peripheral anticholinergics) brought relief. Repeated X-ray examination in the hospital revealed deformation of the duodenal bulb. A week later, endoscopic examination revealed cardial insufficiency and axial hernia hiatus diaphragm, pyloritis, duodenal dyskinesia.

Clinical diagnosis: hyperacid gastroduodenitis (pre-ulcerative stage of duodenal ulcer), cardia insufficiency, axial hiatal hernia.

Thus, radiological signs are not pathognomonic for chronic duodenitis, since macroscopic and morphological examination data usually do not confirm duodenitis. In addition, rely on data x-ray examination carried out in a clinic is not always possible, since the study is carried out without using antispastic drugs.

What is it diagnostic value endoscopic and histological examination for chronic duodenitis?

According to W. Haubrich, endoscopy of the duodenum resurrected the controversial diagnosis of “duodenitis”. However, so far, in his opinion, the endoscopic studies carried out are more likely to confuse than to clarify this issue.

The conclusion about duodenitis during endoscopic examination is made based on the intensity of color of the mucous membrane, the presence of edema, plaque, mucus, erosion, and its vulnerability. The above determines the degree of inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane of the duodenal bulb. In addition, the pallor of the color of the mucous membrane, the severity of the vascular pattern, and the smoothness of the folds may reflect the degree of its atrophic changes.

In adolescents with clinical symptoms characteristic of duodenal ulcer, the endoscopic picture of superficial duodenitis is observed in 63.2% of cases. In this case, the main inflammatory phenomena are limited to the mucous membrane of the duodenal bulb.

As a rule, the more distal, the intensity of hyperemia and edema decreases. Erosions occur mainly in the duodenal bulb. The presence of a whitish coating of the “semolina” type on the mucous membrane of the duodenum is characteristic of secondary duodenitis, associated mainly with pathology of the biliary tract or pancreas.

Morphological studies of the duodenal mucosa, obtained specifically during endoscopy, have significantly expanded the possibilities of studying chronic duodenitis.

Based on the study of the morphological picture of the duodenal mucosa in adolescents, we identified superficial, diffuse and atrophic duodenitis.

The morphological picture of superficial duodenitis was detected in 28.7% of adolescents with pathology of the digestive organs. At the same time, dystrophic changes villous epithelium. The cells of the surface epithelium are flattened, the nuclei are shifted to the center or towards the apical part of the cells, and vacuolization of the cytoplasm is observed. The described changes in epithelial cells often have focal character. At the base of the villi and in the crypts the number of goblet cells often increases. The secretion of mucus in them is normal or increased. In the proper layer of the mucous membrane, swelling, congestion of capillaries, and a significant increase in infiltration with a predominance of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils and eosinophils are often observed.

The most common morphological changes in adolescents are those that fit into the picture of diffuse duodenitis. In these cases, desquamation of the surface epithelium occurs, as a result of which the villi are exposed over a significant extent, and in some cases regeneration of surface epithelial cells is detected. When the surface epithelium is preserved, a flattening of its cells is noted with a displacement of the nuclei towards their center. Swelling of the stroma of the own layer of the mucous membrane and congestion of the capillaries are pronounced. The intensity of cellular infiltration of the own layer of the mucous membrane is more pronounced than with superficial duodenitis. Cellular infiltration is enhanced, plasma cells, lymphoid cells, and eosinophils predominate. Neutrophilic infiltration often occurs. There is a deepening of the crypts, an expansion of their lumen, and often the number of enterocytes with acidophilic granules (Paneth cells) in the crypts decreases. Duodenal (Brunner's) glands are usually of normal structure.

Chronic atrophic duodenitis is observed quite rarely. In this case, the uneven shortening of the villi is combined with the thinning of the crypts, their expansion and shortening, as a result of which the mucous membrane becomes thinner. Epithelial and crypt cells are slightly dystrophic, the number of goblet and Paneth cells is reduced. There are focal growths connective tissue, areas of sclerosis. Infiltration is enhanced, lymphoid and plasma cells predominate. Mucus production is sharply suppressed. In a number of patients, microerosions are observed in the villous layer and in the crypt area, although they are more often found in acute duodenitis.

To what extent does the endoscopic picture of the mucous membrane of the duodenal bulb reflect morphological changes in it?

As we noted earlier, changes in the mucous membrane of the upper digestive tract (hyperemia, edema, size of folds, etc.) may be the result of endoscopic examination, and not an inflammatory process. Due to this important has a morphological study of biopsy samples obtained specifically during endoscopic examination.

According to E. Kogp and P. Foroczan, a normal endoscopic picture of the duodenal bulb always correlates with a normal histological structure. However, a number of authors indicate that endoscopic and histological criteria for duodenitis differ by 44-100%. What is this connected with? R. Whitehead explain this by the fact that the length of the villi of the bulb is very variable, unlike other parts of the small intestine. In addition, a number of authors regard duodenitis as a simple increase in mononuclear cells in the mucous membrane. It should also be noted that the violation of the histological structure is often of the same type when various diseases digestive organs. According to S. Gregg and M. Garabedian, the frequency of “nonspecific” duodenitis ranges from 1.9 to 30%.

It should be noted the importance of using duodenoscopy in the diagnosis of papillitis, which may be a manifestation of diffuse duodenitis or associated with pathology of the pancreas and biliary tract. 11 adolescents with papillitis had clinical picture, which was distinguished by a pronounced pain syndrome with localization in the pyloroduodenal region. The pain was quite persistent and occurred 2-3 hours after eating. In our observations, the occurrence of papillitis was due to chronic duodenitis.

Having studied the results of an endoscopic and morphological study of the duodenal mucosa in adolescents, we can rightfully say that the macroscopic picture of pronounced superficial duodenitis, especially in the presence of erosions, corresponds to the morphological picture of acute bulbitis, duodenitis. In this case, the degree of inflammatory changes decreases in the distal direction of the intestine. At the same time, with morphological changes such as superficial or atrophic bulbitis, the endoscopic picture often corresponds to the norm and vice versa.

The discrepancy in the frequency of morphological forms of duodenitis, according to different authors, is explained not only by the variability in the structure of the mucous membrane of the duodenum, but also by various criteria based on which the concept of “duodenitis” is interpreted. R. Cheli and M. Aste rightly point out that isolated leukocyte infiltration of the intestinal mucosa cannot be regarded as a sign of duodenitis. This may be due to the physiological state of the intestine at the time of the study. Indeed, it is very difficult to distinguish between a true inflammatory process and the so-called digestive inflammation of the duodenal mucosa.

IN clinical practice in the absence of data for ulcerative lesions of the duodenal bulb, the term “gastroduodenitis” is used rather than duodenitis. Gastroduodenitis refers to inflammatory or atrophic changes simultaneously in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. However, a comparison of endoscopy data and morphological studies of the mucous membrane of these organs shows that this assumption is far from the truth. Thus, in most adolescents, a correlation between the macroscopic picture of the mucous membrane of the antrum of the stomach and duodenum was observed in 39.1% of cases. Even greater discrepancies were revealed when comparing data from a morphological study of the mucous membrane of the antrum of the stomach and duodenum (a coincidence was noted only in 13.3% of cases). All this convincingly indicates that inflammatory, atrophic changes and processes of structural restructuring in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum do not always occur in parallel. However, from this, we believe, one cannot draw the conclusion that R. Cheli and M. Aste came to, that gastritis and duodenitis coexist by chance. Undoubtedly, the close anatomical and physiological relationship between the stomach and duodenum also implies the interdependence of the processes occurring in the mucous membrane of these organs. However, it is not equivalent and depends on many external and internal factors, which are not always possible to take into account. This largely determines the dynamics of development pathological process.

If we compare the results of a morphological study of biopsy samples of the mucous membrane of the body of the stomach and the duodenal bulb in adolescents with chronic duodenitis, then these discrepancies will be even higher, since the histological picture of the mucous membrane of the body of the stomach in more than 90% of adolescents corresponds to normal or superficial gastritis. In this regard, our data coincide with the results of similar studies in young people obtained by P. F. Kryshen, Yu. V. Pruglo, V. M. Uspensky.

If we approach it from a practical point of view, the question arises: should the doctor, in the absence of data indicating a pronounced focal lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum, insist on a morphological study of biopsy samples of the mucous membrane of these parts? Of course not, since there is also no correlation between the data of a morphological study of the duodenal mucosa and the existing symptoms. This is confirmed by our data obtained during the examination of adolescents with chronic duodenitis.

The normal structure of the mucous membrane of the gastric body, and in some cases visually detected hyperplasia of the parietal and main cells of the fundic glands of the stomach, was reflected in the nature of its functional state. Thus, in most adolescents, the acid-forming and proteolytic functions of the stomach were increased or normal. Therefore, it is not surprising that in this category of patients the possibility of developing ulcerative lesions of the duodenal bulb is quite high. For secondary duodenitis, on the contrary, the gradual development of atrophic processes in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum is more typical, which is also reflected in a decrease in the acidity of gastric juice. This in turn leads to dysfunction of the biliary tract, pancreas and disruption of digestive processes.

Although it is believed that secondary duodenitis often occurs with pathology of the biliary tract and pancreas, the physiological activity of the latter is largely determined by the normal secretory and motor function of the duodenum. Violations of the motor-evacuation function of the duodenum lead to pathological changes biliary tract and pancreas, which in turn can cause inflammatory and atrophic processes in the duodenum.

Pain, which is the main symptom of secondary duodenitis, can be associated both with dyskinetic disorders of the duodenum and with pathology of the biliary tract and pancreas. Differential diagnosis they present significant difficulties, especially at the early stage of development of the pathological process in these organs. The doctor must remember about secondary chronic duodenitis with pancreatitis in cases where a teenager is bothered by constant pain in the upper abdomen or the pain is of a girdling nature. It can occur after an error in diet (fatty, fried, spicy foods) or regardless of food intake. There is a feeling of heaviness in epigastric region, nausea. The same nature of pain can be observed in chronic primary duodenitis.

Pain in the epigastric region may periodically intensify and have the character of attacks varying intensity. In adolescents, pain rarely radiates to the back or right hypochondrium, although with pancreatitis there is night pain, reminiscent of that of a duodenal ulcer. However, it does not have a pronounced periodicity and connection with food intake, as with a duodenal ulcer.

Described clinical symptoms requires studying the endocrine and exocrine function pancreas (blood amylase, enzyme content in intestinal juice, sugar curve), X-ray examination of the duodenum in conditions of its hypotension (duodeno-radiography), echography.

Contents of the article:

Inflammation of the duodenum is a disease that affects the initial part of the intestine and is called. It definitely needs to be treated: blocked inflammatory processes and restore damaged mucous membranes. Otherwise, the human digestive system will not be able to function normally, the patient will suffer from unpleasant symptoms, his quality of life will decrease significantly. This is a common disease, but most often duodenitis occurs in the male population, but can also be diagnosed in women and children.

Causes

Inflammation of the duodenum can be primary or secondary. If this is primary duodenitis, it develops due to the fact that the patient did not eat properly for a long time: he ate a lot of salty foods, loved everything fried and fatty, preferred sour and spicy foods, which irritated the digestive organs. The reason may also be a person’s diet on dry food. This disease can also occur in drinkers and heavy smokers.

There are other factors that contribute to the appearance of inflammation in patients:

• constant stress;
• the person works too much;
• he doesn’t get enough sleep or rest;
• if the patient took certain medications for a long time and in large quantities.

In addition to primary duodenitis, there is also secondary duodenitis, which develops against the background of other diseases:

1. Gastritis that was caused by bacteria.
2. Stomach ulcer with high acidity.
3. , due to which duodenostasis develops over time, which leads to a deterioration in the blood supply to the intestinal wall.
4. Liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis), due to which the synthesis of bile acids changes in patients.
5. If chemicals have entered the digestive tract and caused a burn to the patient’s mucosa. Or the patient had food poisoning or toxic infection.
6. There is a foreign body in the patient's intestines.

There are other reasons that cause inflammation of the duodenum in patients, for example, Crohn's disease or the appearance of neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract.

Signs of the disease

Symptoms of inflammation of the duodenum in patients can be different, sometimes they are completely absent. Duodenitis is characterized by these symptoms:

• The main symptom of the disease is pain in the epigastric region or near the navel. In the acute form of the disease, the pain is severe and sharp. It appears in the patient a few hours after eating or at night;
• a patient with duodenitis has poor appetite;
• after eating he experiences abdominal discomfort and a feeling of heaviness;
• the patient suffers from belching, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation;
  the patient experiences nausea and vomiting;
• weakness makes itself felt, dizziness, the patient may become irritable;
• If the bile and pancreatic ducts are damaged during duodenitis, the patient may experience girdle pain, bile in the vomit, and the patient’s skin and sclera will become yellow.

Duodenitis can be acute, when all the symptoms are particularly pronounced, and chronic. The disease becomes chronic if acute duodenitis appears in the patient again, or if this disease could not be cured in time.

With a chronic inflammatory disease, the pain becomes constant, but it is not severe, but rather aching or “sucking.” The patient also experiences severe heartburn, nausea, and sometimes vomiting.

Why is inflammation of the duodenum dangerous?

If the patient does not want to treat duodenitis, the inflammation lasts long enough, this can lead to atrophy, which cannot but affect the patient’s digestion: the breakdown of food, the production of enzymes, and the absorption of substances will worsen. Because of this, over time, the patient may develop anemia, a lack of vitamins or microelements, which will affect their well-being.

And that is not all. Some patients may experience the following complications duodenitis:

1. Intestinal bleeding.
2. An ulcer in which both the duodenum and the patient’s stomach suffer.
3. Stenosis of the pylorus of the stomach. With this pathology, the passage between the patient's duodenum and the stomach is greatly narrowed, which can even cause intestinal obstruction.
4. Malignant tumor of the patient's intestine.
5. Purulent inflammation of the tissues that surround the duodenum (phlegmonosis) of the patient.

Therefore, when the first unpleasant symptoms appear, it is advisable for patients to immediately consult a doctor, undergo examination and begin treatment while duodenitis proceeds without complications.

Diagnostics

If you have duodenitis, you should consult a gastroenterologist. He will definitely ask you questions, find out what exactly is bothering you, and also palpate your abdomen. If pain appears in the epigastric zone, this may indicate duodenitis.

An accurate diagnosis will be made by the attending physician after the examination. The most informative of them is esophagogastroduodenoscopy or endoscopy. A probe is inserted into the patient's mouth and a camera is attached to it. Thanks to this device, a physician can examine the entire gastrointestinal tract and determine what kind of disease the patient has, examine the intestinal mucosa and diagnose duodenitis.

The patient may be prescribed other examinations:

1. X-ray.
2. Determination of acidity level.
3. A test that shows the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria.
4. Blood and stool tests.

Treatment

If the examination confirms that the patient has inflammation of the duodenum, the symptoms and treatment will be the same as for most gastrointestinal diseases. If this is an acute form of the disease, then doctors wash the intestines and remove any remaining food from it. Then medications are prescribed. At first it is better for the patient to refrain from eating, then he needs to adhere to special diet. During exacerbations of the chronic form of duodenitis, the patient is prescribed a gentle regimen and a treatment table.

Diet

A diet for inflammation is mandatory; proper, gentle nutrition as much as possible will help quickly restore the patient’s gastrointestinal tract. The patient should eat at least 5-6 times a day, in small portions. It is advisable to either boil or steam all dishes for duodenitis; liquid or semi-liquid food is useful. The patient can only eat warm foods.

For patients with duodenitis, it is better to give up alcohol, as well as everything fried, sour, salty, spicy and smoked; canned food is not allowed.

If this is an acute form of the disease, a diet is necessary, but not for long, on average 10-12 days. The attending doctor must decide exactly how long to go on a diet for acute duodenitis, and he also selects the most suitable diet for the patient. If duodenitis has become chronic, then you will have to stick to the diet for the rest of your life. For exacerbations of duodenitis, especially if it is an ulcerative version of the disease, table No. 1a and 1b, then No. 1 are recommended. If duodenitis occurs against the background of gastritis with low acidity, then diet No. 2. Sometimes patients simultaneously have pathologies of the gallbladder or liver, or pancreatitis. Then he is prescribed diet No. 5.

What can you eat if you have inflammation of the duodenum?

Despite the fact that only a doctor can choose the right diet, and it depends on the state of the gastrointestinal tract, there are lists of products recommended for inflammation of the duodenum.

You can eat:

1. Soups, especially pureed soup, in which all the ingredients are pureed. For duodenitis, you can prepare milk soups, vegetable broths, or low-fat meat broth.
2. The bread is white and dried, you can buy crackers.
3. Meat - in the form of chopped dishes, minced meat. Meatballs and steam cutlets are prepared from it.
4. Porridge is also useful. For duodenitis, it is better to choose the following cereals: oatmeal, semolina, rice, buckwheat. Add a little oil to the porridge.
5. The patient is allowed small pasta, as well as casseroles, puddings, and omelettes (steamed).
6. Patients can eat some vegetables, but in case of intestinal inflammation they are served only boiled, in the form of puree. These are potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and zucchini, broccoli.
7. It is also better to boil or bake fruits, for example, to prepare compotes from them. But the patient can eat sweet berries or fruits if they are soft.
8. The patient is allowed to eat fresh cottage cheese and sour cream, mild cheeses.
9. If you have duodenitis, you can drink milk and fermented milk drinks, compotes, jelly, and rosehip drink. Vegetable juices are also allowed, but they are diluted with water. You can also have tea, but only weak.

What not to eat with duodenitis

If a patient has inflammation of the duodenum, many foods are contraindicated for him. This list may expand or, conversely, decrease, depending on the patient’s well-being.

You can't eat:

• For duodenitis, fatty meat or fish, anything fried or smoked is prohibited;
• you will have to forget about canned food, marinades, pickles, hot seasonings and sauces;
• for intestinal inflammation, porridges made from coarse cereals, such as millet or pearl barley, and all legumes, are harmful;
• with duodenitis, you should not eat hard-boiled eggs or fried eggs, fatty or spicy cheeses;
• pasta, if large, is also not recommended;
• For patients, many sweets and ice cream are prohibited;
• Do not drink full-fat milk, coffee, strong tea, carbonated drinks and alcohol.

Medications

Diet is very important for the treatment of duodenitis, but you cannot do without medications. The doctor decides which tablets to prescribe for the patient in each specific case. The patient may take the following medications:

1. Pain medications, that is, antispasmodic drugs (No-shpa, Papaverine).
2. Antacids that help neutralize hydrochloric acid, protect the mucous membrane (Almagel, Gastal, Phosphalugel, Maalox), contribute to the rapid restoration of the walls of the duodenum.
3. Proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers (ranitidine, omeprazole), which reduce the production of hydrochloric acid.
4. Enveloping drugs (De-Nol).
5. If Helicobacter pylori is detected, antibiotics are prescribed.
6. To cope with duodenostasis and stimulate intestinal motility, they are prescribed special drugs(Domperidone).
7. If this chronic illness, then anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed that promote healing of the intestinal mucosa (Methyluracil, aloe extract).
8. Medicines that help cope with nausea and vomiting (Reglan, Cerucal).
9. Sedatives that help calm people under severe stress (Valerian, Motherwort).

Inflammation of the initial part of the intestine or duodenitis often occurs due to poor nutrition, but can also develop against the background of other diseases. If you start treatment immediately, you can completely get rid of duodenitis, chronic form It is more difficult to cure, then periods of remission will be replaced by periods of exacerbation. But even in this case, it is important to undergo a course of treatment, even if the pain and other symptoms do not bother you much, since due to undertreated duodenitis, the digestive process may be disrupted and complications may arise.