Weak labor: a real danger or a convenient excuse for doctors? Weak labor.

Before inducing labor on her own, a pregnant woman must be sure that the gestational age is correctly assessed. Consult your doctor about the consistency of changes detected on ultrasound and CT deadline. When the body is ready for childbirth, it can be used natural methods obstetrics.

Reasons for inducing labor

  • Pregnancy is more than 40 weeks. After this period, the placenta ages, and the child’s nutritional efficiency decreases.
  • Multiple pregnancy after 38 weeks. By this time, children have already matured, and their further intrauterine development can provoke problems during childbirth.
  • By medical indications in case of Rh conflict, heart problems, diabetes.
  • Presence of scars on the uterus.
  • Narrow pelvis.
  • Allergy to prostaglandins.
  • Leakage of amniotic fluid.
  • Increased intraocular pressure.

How to induce labor using folk recipes

  • Prostaglandins (biologically active substances) stimulate the cervix to ripen and promote its opening. They are contained in sperm, so labor can be activated by intimacy. Contraindications: infections in the sexual partner, low location of the placenta. It is possible that it may detach during a strong orgasm in a woman, so this method must be used very carefully.
  • Walking up the stairs, cleaning the house, washing windows - traditional methods approaching birth.
  • The release of the uterine contraction stimulator, the hormone oxytocin, in a woman’s body occurs when the nipples are massaged. The procedure should be performed carefully so that cracks do not form on the mammary glands, which over time will lead to the development of mastitis.
  • Contraction of the uterine muscles can be triggered by daily bowel cleansing with a salt enema.
  • After dinner, drink 50 g of castor oil and do an enema with a salt solution (1 spoon per liter of water).
  • Acupuncture using thin needles stimulates the accumulation of energy in the pelvic area - activates labor in a pregnant woman.
  • Castor oil has a laxative effect, but in case of overdose there are side effects– vomiting, nausea, pain in the intestines.
  • The substance bromelain contained in pineapples softens the cervix and provokes labor.
  • Spicy food activates work gastrointestinal tract and the uterus - they contract.
  • "Pulsatill" - homeopathic medicine, which allows you to induce labor.
  • Raspberry tea has a birth-stimulating effect.
  • A hot bath increases blood supply to the pelvic area and cervix, which promotes its relaxation and possible opening.
  • The production of oxytocin is enhanced by pressure from the fetal head on the cervix, which occurs when the mother is in an upright position.
  • If you inflate frequently and for a long time Balloons, then in abdominal cavity Blood pressure increases, which stimulates labor.
  • Chocolate contains adrenaline, a substance that stimulates the sympathetic system. nervous system. Its action leads to contraction of the muscular system of the body, including the uterus.
  • Aromatherapy with jasmine and roses will lead to the onset of labor in a pregnant woman with prolonged inhalation of their aromas.
  • When deciding how to induce labor, it is advisable to include in your diet large quantities parsley, beets and wash them down with raspberry tea.
  • In England, midwives recommend the following remedy to women to speed up the opening of the cervix. Mix 50 g of castor oil with 100 grams of apricot juice and 40 grams of vodka. A pregnant woman's intestines will begin to clear their contents quite quickly. The uterus contracts behind it.
  • Evening primrose oil prepares a woman's path for childbirth, but does not have a direct birth-stimulating effect. It is natural analogue hormones folliculin and sinestrol, which are obtained synthetically. Before childbirth, substances are prescribed to accelerate cervical ripening. Primrose oil, unlike them, does not have side effects and is prescribed 2 weeks before the expected date of birth.
  • Olive oil has a laxative effect and can increase elasticity muscle tissue. If you take 1 spoon of it daily, it will become easier to artificially induce labor.
  • Setting up for childbirth. All processes in the body are under the control of the brain. If a woman subconsciously prepares herself for childbirth, it will soon begin.
  • Frequent singing and talking with a child contribute to tension in the abdominal and pelvic muscles. During childbirth, singing reduces pain.

Physical exercises help lower the baby and put pressure on the baby's head on the cervix.

  • Walking should be done in the morning, when the surrounding air is as free from pollution as possible. It is advisable for a pregnant woman to take an umbrella with her to lean on if she experiences back pain. It will also come in handy if it rains.
  • Climbing up staircases helps the fetus move down quickly. Due to constant movements of the hips, the small pelvis expands, and the child takes the most comfortable position.
  • Swimming breaststroke helps contract the abdominal and back muscles. Staying in water additionally helps relieve swelling in the legs.
  • Squatting long time. The baby will begin to move through the birth canal faster with an open pelvis. The method is used in case of a high position of the child on later pregnancy.
  • Induce labor by rocking on a swing. To use this method, you need to find a safe swing and swing on it for a few minutes a day.

Kinds medical methods stimulation of labor:

  1. Stimulating uterine contractions
  2. Affecting the dilation of the uterus.

Stimulation of uterine contraction by prostaglandin E2 (enzoprost). The substance is inserted into the vagina, but does not enter the amniotic sac. When the cervix dilates, the process of labor begins. Prostaglandin suppositories stimulate the production of prostaglandin in the body. Their action begins within 30 minutes, which gives the woman the opportunity to prepare for childbirth.

The opening of the amniotic sac is carried out with a special hook. The procedure is painless, since the bladder does not have nerve endings. The effusion of water leads to increased pressure inside the uterus, which stimulates labor. Amniotomy does not affect the child’s condition, since the fetus is not affected during the manipulation.

For stimulation contractile activity the drug Oxytocin is used. Most often administered intramuscularly or intravenously. The hormone does not affect the dilatation of the cervix. It only enhances labor. Contraindications to the use of oxytocin: impossibility of childbirth naturally, increased sensitivity to the drug, the presence of scars and placenta previa.

When labor is not induced

  • If the baby's head exceeds the lower size of the mother's pelvis.
  • Poor fetal condition as assessed by cardiac monitor.
  • Hypertension or other health problems in a pregnant woman.
  • Incorrect position of the child.

Before inducing labor, a woman should get a good night's sleep and psychologically prepare for labor.

About the nature of labor pains and behavior during the first stage of labor.

A girl preparing to become a mother for the first time is often terribly afraid of contractions, anticipating terrible agony and pain. And the closer the birth is, the more intrusive this fear is. Most the right way overcome fear - stop hiding from it, figure out what contractions are like.

What are contractions?

In medical terms, labor pains are involuntary regular contractions of the uterus, along with pushing, related to labor forces that expel the fetus.

Essentially, contractions are the beginning of labor, although there are other symptoms. The muscles of the uterus begin to contract. This happens because the pregnant woman’s placenta and the baby’s pituitary gland produce specific substances at this moment - provocateurs of contractions. The os of the uterus opens, expanding to 10-12 cm in diameter (full dilatation). Intrauterine pressure increases. The uterus itself contracts in volume. Ultimately, this leads to rupture of the membranes and the release of part of the amniotic fluid. If this coincides with the full opening uterine os, they talk about timely rupture of water, but if the uterine os at the time of rupture of the membranes did not open enough, such rupture is called early.

The period of contractions on average takes 12 hours if you are giving birth for the first time. For those who are not in labor for the first time, it is 2-4 hours shorter. Afterwards, contractions are joined by pushing - muscle contractions abdominal wall and diaphragm. In addition to the fact that they participate in contractions and attempts different groups muscles, they have one more important difference: contractions are an involuntary and uncontrollable phenomenon, neither their strength nor frequency depend on the woman in labor, while attempts are to a certain extent subordinate to her will, she can delay or intensify them. But for this you need to try, coping with the effort is not at all easy. As my mother says: “You can’t wait to give birth and go to bed!”

What to expect from contractions?

Feelings during contractions vary from person to person. Sometimes the first tremors are felt in lumbar region, then spread to the stomach, becoming encircling. Pulling sensations may also occur in the uterus itself, and not in the lumbar region. The pain during contractions resembles the pain that often accompanies menstrual bleeding.

For girls whose periods are quite painful, this pain is familiar and tolerable. There are also those who go through contractions completely painlessly. There is no need to be panicky about them. First, during contractions the body releases its own painkillers. Secondly, relaxation and relaxation techniques learned during pregnancy help to get rid of painful sensations. correct breathing. And finally, there are medicinal methods pain relief, but their use is recommended only in extreme cases, since they all influence the baby to one degree or another.

Real contractions occur at regular intervals. At first, the intervals between contractions are about half an hour, and sometimes more; the contraction of the uterus itself lasts 5-10 seconds. Gradually, the frequency, intensity and duration of contractions increase. The most intense and lasting (and sometimes, although not always, painful) are the last contractions that precede pushing.

When to go to the maternity hospital?

In the case of the first birth (and if the maternity hospital is not far away), you can wait until the interval between contractions is reduced to 5-7 minutes. If a clear interval between contractions has not yet been established, but the pain intensifies and becomes longer and longer, then it’s still time to go to the maternity hospital. If the birth is repeated, then with the onset of regular contractions it is better to immediately go to the maternity hospital (often repeated births They are characterized by swiftness, so it is better not to hesitate).

Are pregnant women always looking forward to it?

When the mucus plug comes off, and they often expect it to be a clot transparent slime. Meanwhile, the plug can be of different consistency and with a slight admixture of blood. Blood (in small quantities) enters the mucus due to smoothing and dilation of the cervix. This natural process, which should not be frightened, but when heavy bleeding immediate examination is necessary.

True or false?

In the last weeks, pregnant women are especially impatient and wait for contractions as relief, often confusing true contractions with false ones. After the 20th week of pregnancy, some (not all) women experience so-called false contractions, or Braxton-Hicks contractions, and 2-3 weeks before giving birth, women begin to feel precursor contractions. Neither one nor the other, unlike true contractions, lead to dilatation of the cervix. A pulling sensation occurs in the lower abdomen or lower back, the uterus seems to turn to stone - if you put your hand on your stomach, you can clearly feel it. The same thing actually happens during labor pains, which is why Braxton Hicks and precursors create confusion among women giving birth for the first time.

How can you tell if labor is really starting and it’s time to go to the hospital, or if these are just false contractions?

Braxton Hicks contractions, unlike true labor contractions, are rare and irregular. Contractions last up to a minute and can be repeated after 4-5 hours. False contractions are painless. Walking or a warm bath most often helps to completely relieve discomfort.

The role of false contractions has not yet been fully clarified. Their appearance is associated with increased excitability of the uterus; it is believed that shortly before childbirth they contribute to the softening and shortening of the cervix.

What to do during contractions?

It has been noticed that the more scared a pregnant woman is, the less she knows about what is happening to her and what is ahead of her, the more difficult, longer and more painful her birth is. You should prepare for childbirth as you would for any difficult or important work. And the main goal of such preparation is to get rid of fear and pain.

What do experts usually recommend to make contractions as easy and painless as possible? As already mentioned, you will not be able to control the frequency and strength of contractions; this does not depend on you. But you can completely help yourself and your child survive these contractions.

At first, when contractions have just begun, it is better not to lie down, but to move: this will speed up the process of opening of the uterine pharynx, and therefore shorten the time of labor.

Concentrate calmly and try to find the body position in which you are most comfortable. Feel free if you feel like standing on all fours, lying on a big inflatable ball, or even... dancing. Believe me, no one would even think of judging you for extravagance. Circular and rocking movements of the pelvis help relieve tension and reduce pain.

If possible, try to sleep between contractions, or at least “pretend to be asleep” (this will help your body relax).

You can lie in the bath for ten minutes warm water, of course, if you are not alone in the apartment and they can help you if necessary.

Lightly stroking the skin of the lower abdomen with your fingertips eases contractions at the beginning of the journey. As the contraction begins, you need to inhale and direct the movement of your arms from the midline to the sides; as you exhale, your arms move in the opposite direction.

When contractions intensify, strong and frequent pressure helps relieve pain. thumbs hands on points in the area of ​​the anterior superior spines iliac bones(these are the most forward parts of the pelvis). Place your hands comfortably with your palms along your hips.

Massage of the sacral area of ​​the spine is very useful. It is effective not only at the beginning of contractions, but also throughout the entire time that expelling forces are operating in your body.

As contractions intensify, proper breathing becomes increasingly important.

But the most important thing is to tune in, listen to your own feelings and... remember about the child. You both have difficult work ahead of you, but the result will be a meeting!

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There are anomalies of labor, such as weak labor activity, which, in the absence of adequate medical care, can lead to tragic consequences, including the death of a child from infectious complications or hypoxia. What is weak labor and how do doctors treat it?

Normally, the first birth lasts no more than 11-12 hours, and the second - no more than 8 hours. If they are delayed as a result of the slow opening of the cervix and disturbances in its contractility, then this is weak labor, in which in some cases a caesarean section is performed.

Childbirth is divided into 3 periods: dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the fetus and birth of the placenta. In this case, problems usually arise precisely in the first period. The rate of dilation of the cervix, until the dilation reaches 4 cm, is approximately 0.5 cm per hour. And then it accelerates to 1-2 cm per hour. At the same time, at almost full disclosure, 8-9 cm, the speed may decrease slightly. Many people believe that this is weak labor during the first birth, but this is not so. This situation- the norm, and does not require the introduction of any medicines designed to intensify contractions. It should be noted that this is rare in multiparous women. And if there is weak labor during the second birth, it is often due to more serious reasons, not psychological discomfort, fear or fatigue, but very specific reasons, such as uterine fibroids.

Situations are considered especially dangerous when the amniotic fluid has long since receded, perhaps even before the onset of real contractions, and signs of weakness in the woman’s labor have appeared. After all, a long period without water threatens the child’s life due to possible development infectious process due to the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the uterus, and for a woman - postpartum endometritis. Doctors agree that a water-free period of up to 6 hours is safe. Maximum - up to 24 hours. But usually they don’t reach this time and start administering drugs for weak labor, such as oxytocin (usually given in IVs).

If the amniotic fluid has not broken, but the dilation of the cervix is ​​very slow, then the doctor performs an amniotomy - this is a procedure in which the amniotic sac is pierced through the vagina. Often its shape is flat, which in itself lengthens labor. The procedure is absolutely painless and safe when performed by a doctor. Usually, the amniotic sac is punctured when the dilation is more than 2 cm, when a medical instrument can be easily inserted into the uterus.

There are other options for what to do if labor is weak, and many women in labor disagree with this technique. They are given painkillers and strong sedatives and even narcotic analgesics approved for use by women giving birth in hospitals so that they can get some sleep. Everything can be restored in literally 2 hours. The woman rests, and the birth process starts more actively. This option is preferable to drug stimulation of labor, since contractions with it are much more painful than natural ones. The woman is forced to lie under a drip for hours with short breaks.

A situation often arises when a woman who has already reached her due date comes to the hospital complaining of irregular but exhausting contractions. And then the doctors give her antispasmodics and painkillers, which relieve these contractions. Many women consider this to be wrong; in their opinion, labor does not occur precisely because of the drugs administered. This opinion is wrong. The fact is that such false or preparatory contractions, if they last, exhaust the woman. And, by the way, they are also the reasons for weak labor, and real labor pains cannot be relieved with the help of the same “No-shpa” or magnesium sulfate, of course. Therefore, there is no need to worry.

It remains to figure out the question of how to avoid weak labor without the help of doctors. How should you prepare for childbirth? Experts recommend watching more good, kind films, and not reading, watching or listening to stories about unfavorable births. Perhaps some women should think about sharing childbirth with a loved one. This will also have a positive effect on your mood. It would be useful to visit the school for expectant mothers, especially for those women who are carrying their first child.

In hospital settings, prevention of labor weakness consists of taking lungs sedatives like motherwort and valerian, ascorbic acid, vitamin B6 and folic acid. Epidural anesthesia also allows you to avoid this complication in childbirth.

Partner childbirth is always a big responsibility: whether the expectant mother is accompanied by a friend, husband or one of her relatives, he should become a support and, if possible, alleviate the suffering of the woman in labor. Teachers in prenatal training courses often mention ways to alleviate a woman’s suffering due to contractions, but we decided to systematize this information.

1. Facial massage helps relieve stress and relax;

2. Remind to the expectant mother go to the toilet every hour: full bladder– this is not only very unpleasant, but also increases the feeling of contractions;

3. Place on the mother's neck and face cold compress or lightly moisten with cool water;

4. If doctors do not prohibit it, you can offer the woman water and light snacks - they will help replenish the energy that the expectant mother loses during labor;

5. Help the woman in labor change her position to speed up the process of cervical dilatation. Some positions will be painful, others will provide a little respite from the pain, your task is to find best option for her;

6. During contractions, the expectant mother suffers from back pain: massage her lower back, lightly press on the sacrum. The position “on all fours” also helps to cope with pain;

7. Be there: even if during contractions a woman does not want to be massaged, a feeling of presence and support loved one very important. Encourage her with words, hold her hand;

Light shower. Many doctors agree that water perfectly relaxes muscles and relieves painful sensations, so if there are no contraindications, you can help the woman take a warm shower;

9. Try to distract the woman from the pain: if her condition allows, talk to her, listen to her favorite music, read something interesting. Be a mediator between the woman in labor and the medical staff;

10. Remind her that it's coming soon painful sensations will pass, and the expectant mother will be able to hold her baby in her arms - this always works.

The appearance of contractions

Many women who will become mothers for the first time are worried that they will miss the onset contractions. In the last weeks of pregnancy, false contractions are observed, which are mistaken for harbingers of labor, but real contractions cannot be confused with anything. Harbingers of contractions can be: the passage of amniotic fluid, the appearance of a mucus plug that clogs the cervix, dull pain in the hips or back. The first contractions are similar to the pain and cramps during menstruation, but soon these sensations intensify. When contractions become regular, it's time to rush to the hospital. When the situation stabilizes, the duration of contractions ranges from 40 seconds.

This is the beginning of the first stage of labor, when the cervix begins to dilate. If this is your first birth, your uterine muscles may contract for 10-12 hours, so don't be alarmed or worried. You will have a formal interview and first examination at the maternity hospital; you may be asked to take a test for the presence of protein and sugar. If your water hasn't broken yet, you can take a shower.

Comfortable positions during contractions

You can relieve pain or at least get a little distraction by changing body positions - your birth partner can help you with this.

  • Vertical position. Effective on initial stage contractions: you can lean against a wall or bed. You can sit on a chair (facing the back), leaning on a pillow. To make sitting softer, another pillow can be placed on the surface of the chair. Lower your head into your hands, breathe calmly and measuredly, spread your knees to the sides;
  • Kneeling or supported position. During contractions, you can put your hands on your husband's shoulders and lean on him while standing. Ask for a relaxing massage. You can also kneel down, spread your legs, and place your hands on the pillow. Try to keep your back straight;
  • "On knees". It is most convenient to take this position on a mattress: make forward movements with your pelvis, try to relax between contractions, resting your head on your hands. If you put your weight on your arms, you will reduce the back pain caused by the baby's head during cephalic presentation (it rests directly on the mother's spine). In the intervals between spasms, you can walk, your partner can massage - pressing in a circular motion on the base of the spine is especially effective;
  • Movement helps to cope with the pain from contractions - you should walk at intervals, keeping your back straight, then the baby’s head will rest against the cervix and the dilatation process will go faster. Try to relax during breaks, focus on breathing. Visit the restroom more often - a full bladder is not the best feeling, and it can interfere with the progress of the fetus.

Second stage of labor or pushing

For a woman, the most difficult time is the end of the first phase, contractions become long and painful, and also very frequent. At this moment, the woman needs help and support, since you may encounter tears, depression, the expectant mother may begin to feel chills or begin to fall asleep. Breathe with her, support her, wipe away the sweat. If you see that the woman in labor is cold, take care of a warm robe and socks. If you start pushing, call your midwife.

The second period is the expulsion of the fetus, so in addition to contractions, the woman in labor needs to make her own efforts, listen to the guidance of the midwife. The duration of this period is up to several hours.

Positions for the second phase of labor:

  • "On knees". Gravity opens your pelvis faster, but you may feel tired quickly. It is best if your husband sits on the edge of the chair and spreads his knees, and you can sit comfortably between them and rest your hands on his thighs;
  • On the knees. The position is less tiring and reduces pain. It is best to have your spouse support you to make your body more stable. If you feel tired, lean on your hands, but keep your back straight;
  • Sitting on the bed. If it’s not very comfortable, surround yourself with pillows. As you begin to push, you can lower your head down and clasp your legs with your hands; do not forget to rest in the interval.

Childbirth

During this period, all the expectant mother needs is to listen to the doctors’ instructions. As soon as the baby's head appears, you will no longer need to push, relax, catch your breath. After a few contractions, the baby’s body will appear: after the little miracle is placed on the woman’s stomach, the torment is quickly forgotten. Then the baby is taken for examination: the neonatologist makes a control weighing, takes measurements, and cuts the umbilical cord.

After giving birth, women often receive an injection that increases the contractions of the uterus to help the placenta come out faster, otherwise, if you wait until it comes out naturally, you can lose a lot of blood. This issue is discussed in advance with the doctor, as is pain relief.

Childbirth is a tiring and difficult process, but all unpleasant sensations are forgotten when you hold your baby for the first time.