H1n1 swine flu virus. H1N1 virus: symptoms, treatment and prevention

Swine flu is an acute contagious infectious disease caused by the influenza A virus (H1N1). The virus differs from the regular flu virus in that people are more susceptible to it. Due to this, the swine flu virus leads to a rapid increase in the number of sick people, which may lead to the development of a pandemic.

Swine flu is in most cases severe and there is a risk of death.

A sick person is contagious 24 hours before the first manifestations of the disease; contagiousness persists for 7-10 days from the onset of the disease.

Infection occurs in two ways:

• airborne - the release of viral particles when coughing and sneezing;
• contact-household - infection occurs through household items, the virus enters the body of a healthy person through the hands.

Important! The virus survives on household surfaces for about two hours.

Most susceptible to the swine flu virus:

• persons over 65 years of age;
• children under 5 years of age;
• persons with severe concomitant chronic pathology (diabetes mellitus, heart disease, lung disease, obesity);
• pregnant women.

The following groups are at high risk of infection:

• representatives of professions related to direct communication with people (salespeople, teachers);
• Health care workers are especially susceptible.

Why is influenza AH1 N1) called pork

When a new strain of influenza was isolated in 2009, scientists recklessly compared it to a virus native to North American pigs. When it later became clear that the origins of the H1N1 virus were much more complex, the name already came into use.

Swine flu symptoms

The incubation period (the period from infection to manifestation of the disease) for swine flu is usually no more than 72 hours.

The first signs of the disease are similar to those of regular flu. Swine flu begins with an intoxication syndrome, which includes the following symptoms:

• body temperature rises sharply from 38.0 to 40-41 degrees;
• severe general weakness;
• aches in muscles and joints;
• Strong headache;
• lethargy, fatigue.

A third of patients develop a characteristic dyspeptic syndrome:

• frequent vomiting;
• constant nausea;
• diarrhea.

Later, symptoms characteristic of damage to the respiratory tract appear:

• dryness and sore throat;
• dry cough;
• dyspnea;
• chest pain when coughing.

Complications of influenza A (H1N1)

The most common complication of swine flu is pneumonia (pneumonia).

Pneumonia can be primary (from exposure to the H1N1 virus) and secondary (due to bacterial inflammation).

On the second or third day, viral pneumonia or hemorrhagic disorders (nosebleeds, bruises on the mucous membranes and skin) may develop.

Viral pneumonia is characterized by the following symptoms:

• appearance on 2-3 days;
• shortness of breath (breathing frequency increases);
• severe dry cough;
• blue discoloration of the distal parts of the extremities (acrocyanosis) and cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle;
• presence of moist rales on auscultation.

The manifestations of secondary (bacterial) pneumonia are somewhat different from the manifestations of viral pneumonia:

• bacterial pneumonia appears on the 7-10th day of illness;
• they are characterized by a gradual increase in cough;
• after some improvement in the general condition, deterioration develops again;
• second wave of temperature rise;
• cough with greenish sputum;
• darkening of the pulmonary fields on the radiograph.

The following complications are less common:

• Hemorrhagic syndrome - nosebleeds, bruises in the skin and mucous membranes;
• Infectious-allergic myocarditis (damage to the heart muscle).

To diagnose swine flu, swabs are taken from the mucous membranes of the throat and nose (RNA virus isolation).

The presence of antibodies in the blood is also determined using serological diagnostic methods.

Treatment

When the first signs of swine flu appear, you should immediately consult a doctor (call a doctor to your home). To prevent infection of loved ones, wear a disposable mask.

Treatment of mild forms of swine flu can be carried out on an outpatient basis.

The following are subject to hospitalization:

• children;
• persons over 65 years of age;
• persons with severe concomitant diseases;
• moderate and severe forms of swine flu;
• pregnant women.

Important! If symptoms of viral or bacterial pneumonia occur, it is necessary to call a therapist at home, however, if the condition worsens sharply and quickly, it is recommended to immediately call emergency help.

When treating swine flu, it is mandatory to prescribe antiviral drugs. Currently, only the following drugs have antiviral activity against the swine flu virus:

• Oseltamivir (Tamiflu);
• Zanamivir (Relenza).

The remaining drugs do not have proven antiviral properties against the swine flu virus.

To relieve intoxication syndrome, detoxification therapy is carried out (in a hospital setting).

When treating a mild form at home, it is necessary to adhere to a plentiful drinking regime (water, berry fruit drinks, tea with lemon).

Symptomatic therapy is also used:

• cough treatment (ACC, Ambrohexal, Fluditec);
• relieving fever (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen; Ibuklin);
• vasoconstrictor nasal drops (Rinonorm, Vibracil, Otrivin).

The duration of mild forms of swine flu ranges from 7 to 10 days. Severe forms can last up to 3-4 weeks.

Treatment of complications (pneumonia)

Treatment of pneumonia due to swine flu is carried out strictly in a hospital setting.

Viral pneumonia is treated with antiviral drugs, and bacterial pneumonia is treated with antibiotics.

Antibiotics are prescribed based on sputum culture (it is determined what exactly the bacteria are sensitive to).

Before culture results, treatment begins with macrolide antibiotics (erythromycin, azithromycin), cephalosparins (ceftriaxone), and rarely respiratory fluoroquinolones (Tavanic) - if the first two are ineffective.

Sometimes 2 groups are connected at once, then penicillins can be added (for severe pneumonia).

Treatment of pneumonia lasts from 14 days to 1 month.

Prevention of swine flu

Swine flu is easier to prevent than to fight.

For this, there are specific and nonspecific methods of prevention.

Non-specific recommendations include the following:

• Avoid visiting places with large crowds of people during epidemic periods.
• Frequently wash your hands with soap, treat your hands with antiseptics if it is impossible to wash them.
• Avoid contact with sick people.
• Avoid handshakes and kisses during epidemics.
• Treatment of nasal mucosa with Viferon gel before leaving home and upon arrival home (used as nonspecific prophylaxis, for local immunostimulating effect).

Important! Antiviral drugs do not completely protect against infection.

Swine flu vaccine

If a person has had contact with a patient with swine flu, then antiviral drugs (Tamiflu or Relenza) can be used as prophylaxis in a standard dosage in accordance with the instructions.

Specific prevention is vaccination.

Vaccination should be carried out at least 1 month before the expected date of the epidemic. Usually vaccinated in October-November.

After vaccination, immunity to the swine flu virus is formed, thanks to which a person will either not get sick at all or will have a mild form of illness without complications.

It all depends on the strength of the developed immunity - if the immunity is not strong enough, then the disease may begin as a result, but in a milder form. This fact is the source of controversy about the effectiveness of swine flu vaccination. Let us emphasize once again that vaccination does not provide 100% protection against swine flu, but it does reduce the severity of the disease. The effectiveness of the vaccine depends on the immunity of the individual.

Vaccination should be carried out annually.

Regular outbreaks of swine flu occur throughout the year, especially in autumn and winter, and rare cases of animal-to-human transmission are known. However, in previous years, the number of cases of human-to-human transmission of the swine flu virus was very limited.

How did the new swine flu virus emerge?

Pigs can carry different types of influenza viruses: swine, avian and human influenza viruses. Sometimes one animal can suffer from several types of virus at the same time, which allows the genes of these different viruses to mix in the animal's body and create a new influenza virus. It has long been known that pigs can be a potential source of a new influenza virus that is dangerous to humans.

The current outbreak of swine flu in Mexico in April 2009 is caused by a new virus that is a combination of genes from human, avian and swine flu viruses. Precisely because this virus is new and is the result of mixing the genes of different viruses, it is very difficult to create an effective one against it.

How is the current swine flu outbreak different from previous ones?

The outbreak of swine flu in April 2009 belongs to the H1N1 subtype. Now this virus is transmitted from person to person. Because this virus is new, the vast majority of people have no immunity to it. Typically, influenza viruses, although they mutate quickly, still retain similarities to the strains that were common in previous years, so people retain some degree of protection against them. But this swine flu virus is so different from all previous ones that health authorities fear that most people's bodies will not be able to develop immunity to it. This is why this virus is spreading so quickly.

According to information as of October 16, 2009, according to the WHO regional offices, the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases of human diseases caused by the pandemic virus (H1N1) 2009 in the world is more than 387 thousand, including 4820 fatal cases. More than 800 cases have been recorded in the Russian Federation.

What is a pandemic?

A pandemic is an epidemic of a disease that covers vast geographical areas. The most famous pandemic is the 1918 influenza virus epidemic known as the Spanish flu. This pandemic was also caused by the H1N1 subtype virus, which spread to many parts of the world and killed millions of people.

WHO experts have developed six-level pandemic warning scale.

• Phase 1. No new subtypes of human influenza virus have been identified. A subtype of influenza virus that has caused illness in humans may be present in animals. If the virus is present in animals, the risk of infection or illness in humans is considered low.
• Phase 2. No new influenza virus subtypes have been identified in humans. However, the subtype of influenza virus circulating in animals may pose a significant risk of disease in humans.
• Phase 3. Case(s) of human infection with new subtypes of the virus have been identified, but no person-to-person transmission of the virus has been detected, or transmission through close contacts has been observed very rarely.
• Phase 4. Small groups with limited person-to-person transmission, but spread is very limited. It is assumed that the virus has not fully adapted to the human body.
• Phase 5. Large groups of infected people, but transmission of the virus from person to person is limited. It is assumed that the virus has adapted much better to the human body, but has not yet fully acquired the ability to spread (a significant risk of a pandemic).
• Phase 6. Pandemic: increased and sustained spread of infection in the general population.

Reached level 6 because... it was recorded over a vast territory and among a very large number of people.

However, in most patients, the flu is quite mild, with symptoms reminiscent of regular flu, and goes away on its own with simple symptomatic treatment. Therefore, the number of deaths compared to the number of cases is small.

Severe forms of influenza can occur in some risk groups:

• in pregnant women
• in young children
• in very elderly people
• in patients with concomitant diseases (asthma, lung diseases, diabetes, etc.)

What are the symptoms of swine flu?

The symptoms of swine flu are very similar to the symptoms of regular seasonal human flu, which everyone has encountered during the cold season. Symptoms of swine flu include the following:

Some patients also experienced nausea and diarrhea.

WHO has issued guidance on the use of drugs in the treatment of patients infected with the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. The guidelines were developed as a result of consensus reached by an international group of experts who reviewed all available research on the safety and effectiveness of antiviral drugs. Particular importance is attached to the use of zanamivir in order to prevent the development of severe illness and death, reduce the need for hospitalization and reduce the length of stay in hospitals.

According to the WHO press service, the pandemic virus is currently sensitive to both of these drugs (known as neuraminidase inhibitors), but is resistant to the second class of antiviral drugs (M2 inhibitors).

Worldwide, most patients infected with the pandemic virus experience typical flu-like symptoms and complete recovery occurs within one week, even in the absence of any drug treatment. Healthy patients with an uncomplicated illness do not need treatment with antiviral drugs, the WHO says.

Using a patient-specific approach, treatment decisions must be made based on clinical judgment and knowledge of the presence of the virus in specific communities.

In areas where the virus is circulating widely in communities, physicians when treating patients with influenza-like illness should assume that the illness is caused by a pandemic virus. Treatment decisions should not wait until laboratory confirmation of H1N1 infection is made.

Treat serious cases immediately

The evidence reviewed by the panel suggests that oseltamivir, when administered appropriately, can significantly reduce the risk of developing flu (one of the leading causes of death from both pandemic and seasonal influenza) and reducing the need for hospitalization.

For patients who develop severe disease early on or whose condition begins to deteriorate, WHO recommends starting treatment with oseltamivir as early as possible. Research shows that early treatment, preferably within 48 hours of symptom onset, is significantly associated with better clinical outcomes. Treatment for patients with severe or worsening disease should be started even at a later date. If oseltamivir is not available or cannot be used for any reason, zanamivir can be given.

For patients with underlying health conditions that increase the risk of developing more severe disease, WHO recommends treatment with oseltamivir or zanamivir. These patients should also receive treatment as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms, without waiting for laboratory test results.

Given that pregnant women are at increased risk, WHO recommends providing them with antiviral treatment as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms.

At the same time, the presence of concomitant health disorders does not reliably predict all or even most cases of the development of severe illness. Worldwide, about 40% of cases of severe disease now occur among previously healthy children and adults, usually under 50 years of age.

Some of these patients experience a sudden and very rapid deterioration in their clinical condition, usually on the 5th or 6th day after the onset of symptoms.

Clinical deterioration is characterized by the development of primary viral pneumonia, which destroys lung tissue and is not sensitive to antibiotics, and functional failure of many organs, including the heart, kidneys and liver. To manage these patients, intensive care units are needed, where other types of therapy are used in addition to antiviral drugs.

Use of antiviral drugs in children

WHO recommends immediate antiviral treatment for children with severe or worsening illness and children at risk of developing more severe or complicated illness. This recommendation applies to all children under five years of age, as this age group is at increased risk of developing more severe disease.

All other healthy children over five years of age require antiviral treatment only in cases of prolonged or worsening illness.

Danger signs in all patients

Doctors, patients and caregivers at home should be vigilant for danger signs that may signal the development of more severe disease. Because the disease can progress very quickly, people with confirmed or suspected H1N1 infection should seek medical attention if any of the following danger signs occur:

• shortness of breath during physical activity or at rest;
• difficulty breathing; turning blue;
• bloody or colored sputum;
• chest pain;
• change in mental state;
• high temperature for more than 3 days;
• low blood pressure.

In children, danger signs include rapid or difficult breathing, decreased activity, difficulty waking up, and decreased or absent desire to play.

You are more likely to have the flu if some or all of these symptoms are present:

What should I do if I get sick?

If you become ill with flu-like symptoms during the flu season, you should stay home and avoid contact with others while awaiting medical attention. Most people with 2009 (H1N1) influenza have mild illness and do not need medical care or medications, as with seasonal influenza.

However, people who are more susceptible to complications from the flu should talk to their healthcare provider about getting tested if they have flu symptoms during the season. These categories of people include:

Severe illness can also occur in healthy people due to the flu, so anyone concerned about their health should consult their doctor.

What are the warning signs?

• Rapid or difficult breathing
• Skin gray or with a bluish tint
• Not drinking enough
• Strong or ongoing
• Reluctance to wake up or lack of activity
• An agitated state in which the baby resists being picked up

In adults

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
• Sudden dizziness
• Confusion
• Severe or persistent vomiting
• Some relief of flu symptoms that later return with fever and worsening cough

Is there a cure for influenza (H1N1) 2009?

Yes. There are antiviral medications that your doctor may prescribe for both seasonal influenza and 2009 (H1N1) influenza. These drugs can quickly get you back on your feet and can also prevent serious complications.

During this flu season, antiviral drugs are used primarily to treat people with severe illness, including those who require hospitalization; and to treat people who are most at risk for serious complications from influenza.

Your doctor will decide whether antiviral drugs are needed to treat your condition. So far, most people with 2009 H1N1 influenza have had mild illness and have not required medical care or antiviral medications, as with seasonal influenza.

How long should I stay home if I am sick?

Your fever should go away without using a fever reducer. You should stay home and not go to work, school, travel, shopping, social events or public gatherings.

What should I do when I am sick?

Stay away from others as much as possible to avoid infecting them. If you need to leave your home, for example to get medical care, wear a face mask if you have one or cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue. Also, wash your hands frequently to avoid spreading the flu to others.

Modern man cures a cold in a few days. Viral influenza diseases of the latest strains are treated much more slowly and more severely. They are extremely dangerous and often cause serious complications. This also applies to the H1N1 influenza virus in humans. Until now, doctors have not been able to create a universal medicine that effectively treats swine flu.

During the conversation, you will learn what swine flu is, symptoms in people, methods of treatment and prevention for adults and children.

The H1N1 virus affects the respiratory tract and is transmitted through respiratory droplets. The incubation period of infection is 4 days.

People and animals are susceptible to infection, especially pigs. In the mid-twentieth century, the virus was transmitted from animals to humans extremely rarely. At the end of the 20th century, the swine flu virus began to interact with human and avian influenza. As a result, another strain appeared, designated H1N1.

The first symptoms of the disease in humans were reported in North America. In 2009, doctors discovered the virus in a 6-month-old Mexican child. After this, similar cases began to appear in all parts of the continent. Now the swine flu virus is easily transmitted between people, since the human body has no immunity to this strain, which significantly increases the likelihood of total spread and epidemics.

According to experts, the H1N1 strain is a descendant of the Spanish flu, which at the beginning of the last century claimed the lives of 20 million people.

Symptoms

• Sudden and rapid increase in temperature up to 40 degrees. Often accompanied by severe chills, fatigue and general weakness.
• Pain in muscles and joints. Headache localized in the area of ​​the eyes and forehead.
• At the initial stage, a dry cough in the form of constant attacks, subsequently replaced by a cough with poorly separated sputum.
• It is often accompanied by a pronounced runny nose and severe pain in the throat area.
• Decreased appetite. Nausea with vomiting and diarrhea.
• Shortness of breath and severe chest pain.

Complications

• Pneumonia.
• Cardiovascular and respiratory failure.
• Damage to the nervous system.
• Development of concomitant diseases.

• Treatment of swine flu is always carried out under the supervision of doctors. It is possible that at the final stage you will be allowed to continue treatment at home. True, you will have to follow strict rules.
• After discharge approved by the doctor, it is necessary to adhere to bed rest, take medications regularly and in accordance with the doctor’s instructions, and refuse to go for walks.
• It is recommended to pay increased attention to hygiene.

In general, if symptoms of this scourge appear, go to the clinic. Only the doctor will make a diagnosis and select medications. There is only one conclusion - hospitalization and no self-medication.

Are there folk remedies against swine flu?

As you already understand, you won’t be able to cope with the disease on your own.

Doctors warn that the H1N1 flu should only be fought in a hospital setting using antiviral drugs and antibiotics.

1. The results of the scientists' tests showed that antioxidant-rich foods, including red wine, blueberries, cranberries and pomegranates, help treat swine flu.
2. In order for the body to counteract the disease, it is necessary to adhere to a plant-based diet and take vitamins.
3. Quitting cigarettes, maintaining a regular wakefulness and sleep schedule, proper hygiene and the absence of stressful situations will help treat the disease.

Real folk remedies, which are prepared from various oils, herbs and decoctions, have not yet been created. Surely this is due to the fact that the disease itself is young and all efforts are aimed at studying it.

Prevention: how to avoid getting swine flu

Vaccination is considered the most effective preventive method for swine flu. But not every person can get vaccinated in a timely manner. In this case, generally accepted virus protection rules will help.

• During an epidemic, you must wear a gauze bandage, especially if you are in constant contact with people. It is recommended to wear a washed and well-ironed bandage. This protective agent lasts for several hours, after which it needs to be changed.
• During the unfavorable period, if possible, avoid visiting crowded places. The list of dangerous places where the likelihood of infection is high includes public transport, shops, offices, shopping centers, museums, and theaters.
• It is recommended to avoid contact with a person with pronounced symptoms of a respiratory infection.
• A highly effective preventive measure is regular wet cleaning. At the first convenient moment, wash your hands with antibacterial soap.
• Eat right, get enough sleep and exercise. Take vitamins.
• Remember, the swine flu pathogen is not friendly to high temperatures. High-quality heat treatment leads to the death of a dangerous virus.
• Avoid contact with stray animals, as the virus can be transmitted from them.

I hope you learned something new, interesting and educational in this article on swine flu. I want you to never encounter this problem and always feel great!

Influenza is a respiratory tract infection of a viral nature. In epidemiological history, more than 2000 modifications of this virus have been recorded. All of them are accompanied by the same symptoms and can cause serious complications. But some types of influenza have an amazing ability to spread, causing epidemics. Among them, the main one is A (H1N1).

In contact with

Classmates

Where did swine flu come from?

A (H1N1) has always been present in nature. It was first discovered in the laboratory in the 1930s. For 80 years no one heard anything about him. But in recent years he has gained "hell's popularity." What happened?
In reality, swine flu is not a specific disease. This is a common influenza virus that affects the respiratory system. But he has one unique feature that makes him an effective killer.

According to the most general classification, the influenza virus is divided into three groups:

Group A viruses have learned to “mimic” well. They know how to do this both sharply, producing an “antigenic shift,” and slowly, carrying out “antigenic drift.” Thanks to the ability to change the antigenic structure, virus A has learned to “deceive” the human immune system, which does not respond in time to the penetration of infectious agents. It is this feature of his that gives him the opportunity to move unhindered from person to person, causing an epidemic.


The 2009 influenza epidemic began in Mexico, spread to the southwestern United States, and then spread throughout the world. It was the result of a successful mutation A(H1N1). In initial studies, genes characteristic of influenza, which affects American pigs, were isolated in a strain of that virus. It was later clarified that it contains genetic fragments of European swine influenza, as well as viruses that affect birds and humans. Despite this, the name “pork” was assigned to the strain.
The unique mutagenicity of the strain allowed it to infect more than half a million people around the world. The mortality rate was 3.2% of all infected.

Thus, the main feature and danger of H1N1 is its mutagenicity and, accordingly, its ability to spread rapidly.

Why H1N1

The envelope of influenza virus types A and B contains specific proteins, which are assigned the symbols H and N with indices from 1 to 10. The most common viruses among people are those with combinations of subtypes:

• H1, H2, H3;
• N1, N2.

At the same time, the H1N1 variant - swine flu - is the most dangerous for humans, the H5N1 variant - bird flu - is less dangerous, etc. in descending order.

How dangerous is the flu?

The 2009 epidemic was stopped. However, the virus has not gone away. Occasionally, people become ill with it, but in order for its spread to become epidemic, many factors must coincide, including:

• Ambient temperature from -5 0C to +5 0C;
• seasonal massive weakening of people's immunity;
• dry air;
• population density;
• low sanitary and hygienic conditions;
• mutagenicity of a specific virus subtype.

Whether it will be a local outbreak or a pandemic (worldwide epidemic) depends on how favorable the factors that contribute to the spread of the virus are. Outbreaks occur in one place or another on earth every 2 years. Swine flu pandemics are relatively rare. The last one, supposedly in 1918, was called the Spanish flu, and affected about 400 million people. The necessary medicines were not available at that time: the mortality rate was, according to rough estimates, up to 20% of all infected people.

Acute respiratory viral diseases are dangerous due to their complications. What you need to know for prevention.

The child's body is very susceptible to temperature changes, viruses, and infections. How to protect your child from acute respiratory viral infection is described.

Let us recall that in the 2009 pandemic this figure was 3.2%, i.e. for every 30 people who became ill there was one death. By modern standards, this is a lot: approximately the same number die in African cholera epidemics. Therefore, new strains of influenza are classified as a particularly dangerous infection, along with cholera, plague and Ebola fever.

At-risk groups

The most vulnerable are:

• People with weakened immunity, including as a result of previous or ongoing illness;
• people with chronic respiratory diseases, especially such as;
• children and elderly;
• pregnant women.

This does not mean that the listed categories will necessarily get sick. It is not so easy for a virus to enter and gain a foothold on human mucous membranes.

Even if you are in the same apartment with a sick person, you can not become infected if you follow precautions.

Symptoms

The first symptoms of A(H1N1) are similar to those of all other variants of the virus.
100% of cases have 2 main symptoms:

• and higher;
• cough.

50% of patients complain of:

• runny nose;
• sore, sore throat;
• rapid breathing;
• headache.

35% report a symptom such as muscle pain.
20% have digestive disorders: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.

What symptoms should you consult a doctor for?

Fever and cough - these two symptoms are enough to immediately consult a doctor. The simultaneous absence of a runny nose and causeless indigestion should be doubly alarming.

Swine flu is developing rapidly. After 3 days, the patient develops viral pneumonia (), which, rapidly progressing, causes respiratory failure within 24 hours.

If complications occur, the likelihood of death is high. Hospitalization is required for artificial respiratory support.

How is swine flu treated?

The disease is treated:

• Remantadine;
• oseltamivir;
• zanamivir.

A specific strain of the virus may be resistant to a particular drug. Only a doctor knows how to treat the current strain.

Precautions during an influenza epidemic

The main way to protect yourself is to get vaccinated annually. The vaccine protects against seasonal and swine flu by 100%.
If you are not vaccinated, then you should know that the pathogenic virus concentrates on the mucous membranes of the patient and spreads into the environment:

• When sneezing, blowing your nose, coughing;
• using utensils (on a cup, spoon, etc.);
• with common items (door handles, telephones, etc.).

During epidemics, observe the following measures:

• When in contact with people, maintain a distance of 1.5 m;
• use a hygienic mask when in public places - it is not a panacea, but it significantly reduces risks;
• do not touch your face with your hands: mouth, nose, eyes - by doing this you can help the influenza virus enter your body;
• do not touch door handles, elevator buttons, railings, telephones and other objects in common areas with unprotected hands;
• limit or eliminate your stay in public places, including travel on public transport;
• Wash your hands frequently or use hand sanitizer wipes.

If you have a family member with swine flu:

• Ventilate the room in which the patient is located more often;
• minimize the patient’s contact with other family members;
• when caring, try not to get closer to the patient than 1 m;
• use a hygienic mask when in contact with a sick person;
• wash your hands frequently;
• Disinfect surfaces in the bathroom, toilet, door handles, floors daily;

Please note: the hygiene mask is a single-use item. Once removed from your face, it must be disposed of and never reused.

Participants in the video program study in detail the causes of influenza.

In contact with